非谓语动词的独立主格结构.ppt
非谓语动词之独立主格结构,非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应和句子主语一致。也就是说句子的主语必须是非谓语动词所表示的动作执行者或承受者。,让我们一起来看看非谓语动词的几个例句。,3.Beaten by the enemy,he refused to let out the secret.,1.To pass the college entrance exam,we must work hard.2.Walking in the street,I came across an old friend.,但是有时候非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,在句子中作状语,我们称之为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。,从以上可以看出:非谓语动词的独立主格结构主要有两部分构成:逻辑主语和逻辑谓语。名词/代词 作为逻辑主语;非谓语动词(现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式)作为逻辑谓语。,非谓语动词独立主格结构 的形式逻辑主语+非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、过去分词),1.“名词/代词+不定式”结构,2.“名词/代词+现在分词”结构,3.“名词/代词+过去分词”结构,从以上可以看出:非谓语动词的独立主格结构具有两个特点:1.独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。2.独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。,由不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的动作或状态,在句中作状语。,1.“名词/代词+不定式”结构,e.g.His friends to come tonight,he is busy preparing the dinner.,2.“名词/代词+现在分词”结构,该结构在句中常作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、方式或伴随状语等。,(1)Everyone having sat down,the teacher began his class.每个人都坐好后,老师开始上课。(相当于时间状语从句:When everyone had sat down),(2)The boy leading the way,we had no trouble getting out of the forest.由那个男孩带路,我们没有困难就走出了森林。(相当于原因状语从句:Because the boy led the way),3.“名词/代词+过去分词”结构,该结构在句中常作 时间状语、原因状语、方式或伴随状语、条件状语等。,(1)The test finished,well have our summer vocation.考试结束以后,我们将开始暑假了。,(2)Thousands of eyes fixed upon him,Nick felt on edge.上千只眼睛看着他,尼克感到紧张。,综合比较三种非谓语动词独立主格结构,1.名词或代词+不定式 其中的不定式通常表示尚未发生或即将要发生的动作。,2.名词或代词+现在分词 其中的现在分词通常表示动作正在进行(或当时正在进行)。有时现在分词不表示进行,而表示一般情况的状态或动作。,3.名词或代词+过去分词 其中的过去分词通常表示被动意义或完成意义。,例:The manager looks worried,many things to settle.经理看上去很着急,有这么多的事情要处理。(事情还没有处理,而且是由经理本人来处理,用不定式to settle)The manager looks relaxed,many things settled.许多事情已经处理好了,经理看上去很轻松。(事情已经处理好了,用动词-ed形式settled表示动作已经结束),综合比较三种非谓语动词独立主格结构,例:The food being cooked,the boy was watching TV.小孩一边做饭,一边看电视。(两个动作同时进行)The food cooked,the boy went to bed.饭做好了,小孩去睡了。(两个动作有先后,饭已做好,小孩才去睡觉的),1.Darkness _ in,the young people strolled on the streets.A.setB.setting C.has setD.was set2.A new technique _,the production increased by 20 percent.A.to have been worked out B.having worked out C.working out D.having been worked out3.There are various kinds of metals,each _ its own properties(特性).A.has B.had C.to have D.having,【当堂检测】,4.,Ill go there with you tomorrow afternoon.A.Time permits B.If time permitting C.Time permitting D.Times permitting5._,we all went home happily.A.Goodbye was said B.Goodbye having been said C.Goodbye said D.When goodbye said6.She stood there,_ from her cheeks.A.tears rolling downB.tears rolled down C.with tears rolled down D.tears rolling down,【当堂检测】,