非谓语动词-独立主格.ppt

,独立主格结构,一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。,Given more time,we could do it better.,Nobody having any more to say,the meeting was closed.,It rained.,I stayed at home.,怎样将两个句子合并？,要求：可以使用连词，请将句子合并成并列句。,It rain so/and I stayed at home.,并列连词：and,or,but,so,for,when,while,neithernor,eitheror,notbut,not onlybut also,要求：可以使用连词，请将句子合并为复合句。,Because it rained yesterday,I stayed at home.,要求：不适用连词，将两个句子合并为一个句子。,It raining,I stayed at home.,比较三句：,It rain so/and I stayed at home.,Because it rained yesterday,I stayed at home.,It raining,I stayed at home.,独立主格结构的概念：,“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。,独立主格形式 1.名词/主格代词+If weather permits,we will go for a spring outing._,we will go for a spring outing.The boy stood there,and his hand was raised.The boy stood there,_.,Weather permitting,his hand raised,doing 主动 done 被动 to do 将来,I send you 100 dollars today,and the rest will follow in a year.I send you 100 dollars today,_in a year.,the rest to follow,2.名词/主格代词+(being)+adj./adv./介词短语/nAs the teacher was ill,the lecture was put off._,the lecture was put off.When the meeting was over,we left the room._,we left the room.,The teacher ill,The meeting over,She stood there,a book in his hand.,=book in hand,特殊：As there was no bus,we had to go back home on foot._,we had to go back home on foot.Because it is Sunday today,we dont have to work._,we dont have to work.,There being no bus,It being Sunday,主语是代词时，being不能省,区别于分词作状语,分词做状语特点：现在分词作状语，表主动的动作，或表动作正在进行过去分词作状语，表被动的动作，或表动作已经完成。,1 When they hear the news,they all jumped with joy Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy.2 When it is seen from the hill,the park looks very beautiful.Seen from the hill,the park looks very beautiful.3 The children ran out of the room.They laughed and talked merrily.The children ran out of the room,laughing and talking merrily.特点：主语一致,分词作状语,独立主格结构Weather permitting,well go sightseeing in Gaopo.All things considered,her paper is of greater value than yours.结构特点：两个不同的主语,独立主格结构的形式：名词或代词+分词（doingdone)名词或代词+不定式名词或代词+形容词副词名词或代词+介词短语名词或代词+名词There being+名词（代词）It being+名词（代词）,分词独立结构由“名词+being”构成时，being常省略。,名词或代词+分词（doingdone),1）天气允许的话，我们去高坡观光吧。,Weather permitting（If weather permits）,well go sightseeing in Gaopo.,2)综合来看，他的论文比你的更有价值。,All things considered（If all things are considered）,her paper is of greater value than yours.,He lay on his back,his teeth set,his right hand clenched on his breast and his glaring eyes looking straight upward.,3)他仰面躺着，牙关紧闭，双手紧握在胸前，两眼朝上直直地怒视着。,名词或代词+不定式,1）明天要考试，我今晚就不去看电影了吧。,The exam to be held tomorrow,I couldnt go to the cinema tonight.,They said good-bye to each other,one to go home,the other to go to the bookstore.,2)她俩道了别，一个要回家，另一个要去书店。,Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted,our school will look even more beautiful.,3)种下大量的花草树木后，学校看起来会更漂亮。,不定式在独立主格结构中多表示将来的行为，表示“企图”“约定”等，指的是按计划安排要做的事。,名词/主格代词+形容词,1）这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。,So many people（being）absent,the meeting had tobe called off.,2）那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。,An air accident happened to the plane,nobody（being）alive.,3）会议一结束，他们就都回家了。,The meeting（being）over,they all went home.,名词/主格代词+介词短语,1）孩子们手里拿着花向我们跑过来,The children came running towards us,flowers in hands.,2）玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。,Mary was sitting near the fire,her back towards the door.,表示存在时用“There being+名词（代词）”的结构1).There being no buses,they walked to the theatre2).There being no cause for fear,he returned to his hometown.,It being+名词（代词）由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。It being Christmas,the government offices were closed.由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。It being holiday,all the shops were shut.,Such being+名词（代词）,Such being the case,she has nothing to say.Such being the fact,she had to admit his mistake.,I have never imagined of there being a picture on the wall.I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job.What is the chance of there _ some good dictionaries in that bookstore?The teacher was waiting for there_ complete silence.,区别于介词with/without复合结构,doing(表示动作的主动和进行)done（表示动作的被动和完成）With/without+名词/宾格代词+to do(表示将来)adj/adv(表示状态或特征)介词短语（表示状态或特征）,该结构作状语可以表示时间、原因、方式、伴随状况等含义；有时候也可以作定语。With the boy leading the way,we are sure well be there on time.有男孩带路，我们有把握会准时到那儿。（表原因）The classroom is very bight with all the lights turned on.所有的灯都打开，教室里非常明亮。（表示时间）I cant go out,with a lot of work to do.我不能出去，因为有很多工作要做。（表示原因）Dont talk with your mouth full.不要嘴里含着东西谈话。（表示方式）,With the light off,we cant see anything.灯灭了，我们什么也看不见。（表示原因）He fought the tiger without a stick as his only weapon.他与老虎搏斗,没有一根棍子作为武器。（表示方式）The teacher entered the classroom,with a book in his hand.老师进入了教室，手里拿着一本书。（表伴随状况）He reached the beautiful river with red flowers and green trees on both sides.他来到了两岸长满红花绿树的这条河上。（作后置定语，修饰river）,Father _(permit),Grace enjoyed a big bonbon.The game _(lose),Grace still looked up to her papa as her hero.,独立主格结构,permitting,lost,S（逻辑主语）doing having done 主动关系 S(逻辑主语)done having been done 被动关系,The lecture _,a lively question-and-answer session followed.being given B.having given C.to be given D.having been given_ no bus,we had to walk home.There being B.Being C.Having been D.There was,三.固定结构句中作插入语to tell the truth to be frank to be honestto be brief to begin with to make things worseJudging from Considering that Generally/frankly speaking Compared to/with Given(考虑到),Judging from his accent,he is from the south.Considering your health,youd better have a rest.To tell you the truth,I am a little tired.,I have never imagined of there being a picture on the wall.I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job.What is the chance of there _ some good dictionaries in that bookstore?The teacher was waiting for there_ complete silence.,