看漫画学现在完成时.ppt
Perfect Present Tense,现在完成时,Lets enjoy a video.,Maidou is at home,现在完成时的构成(肯定)have/has过去分词(否定)have/has not过去分词(疑问)have/has主语过去分词(否定疑问)havent/hasnt主语过去分词 或have/has主语not过去分词(被动语态)主语 have/has been 过去分词,现在完成时Definition现在完成时表示到现在为止已经完成或仍在持续的动作、状态，强调对现在的影响、联系，或表示经历、经验。,二、现在完成时的用法 have(has)过去分词1现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系，也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。I have lost my wallet.(含义是：现在我没有钱花了。)Jane has laid the table.(含义是：已可以吃饭了。)Michael has been ill.(含义是：现在仍然很虚弱)He has returned from American.(含义是：现在已在此地),2现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的，持续到现在的情况，常与for，since连用。Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.Exercises:7、11、12、14、17、19、20.,3现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，如：already，yet，just，before，recently，lately等。He has already obtained a scholarship.I havent seen much of him recently(lately)We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet?,4现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如：often，sometimes，ever，never，twice，on several occasions等。Have you ever been to Beijing?I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times.It is still good.George has met that gentleman on several occasions.,5现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如：now，up to these few days/weeks/months/years，this morning/week/month/year，now，just，today，up to present，so far等。Peter has written six papers so far.Man has now learned to release energy from the nuclear of the atom.There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.Up to the present everything has been successful.,6现在完成时表示现在之前已完成的动作，虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续，但是有一些现在完成时的句子，在后面加上for一段时间，现在完成时的动作就表示延续性。Thomas has studied Russian.(现在不再学俄语)Thomas has studied Russian for three years.(Thomas began to study Russian three years ago，and is still studying it now.(同第2点用法第一个例句),7现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作。We have had four texts this semester.,三、现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法”1现在完成时的“完成用法”现在完成时的“完成用法”指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况灯现在不亮了。)现在完成时“完成用法”的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning/month/year.，today等)连用。,Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？,2现在完成时的“未完成用法”现在完成时的“未完成用法”指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。),I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。)此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now，so far)等。I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。,注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。(2)现在完成时常见两种句型：主语have/has beenfor短语It is一段时间since从句He has been in the League for three years.或It is three years since he joined the League.他入团已三年了。,四、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：I have lost my new book.我把新书丢了。(现在还未找到)I lost my new book yesterday.我昨天把新书丢了。(昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明),五、几点注意事项(1)have been(to)与have gone(to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去了已归”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去而未归(说话时某人不在当地)”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once，never，several times等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了。(2)如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。如：It is two years since his father died.His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有二年了。,(3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：I havent left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。(4)一般过去时带有表示过去某时刻的时间状语，如：yesterday，last year(month/week/night)，in 1980等。When did you come?I came the day before yesterday.,(5)现在完成时的时间状语包含说话时在内，如：today，this week/month/year，these days/years 或与说话时非常接近，如：recently，just，in(during)the past three years；而一般过去时时间状语与现在相隔离，如yesterday，last year，in the 1900s等。Great changes have taken place in the last ten years.This area was flooded three years ago.,(6)终止性动词与其意义对应的状态性短语在时态上的异同点：a用终止性动词表示到说话时已完成的动作时，需用完成时；用状态性动词时，用一般时。He has fallen ill.He is ill.他病了。She said she had caught a bad cold and needed a rest.She said she had a bad cold and needed a rest.,b终止性动词用于完成时时，不表示延续概念，不能与表示延续概念的“for一段时间”的时间状语连用，而与其意义对应的状态性短语可以。He has died.()He has died for several years.(),常见的终止性动词与其意义对应的状态性动词：,
