泛读教程第三册第二单元.ppt

School and Education,Unit Two,Quotations,The most valuable knowledge of mine is not learned in schools but by myself.,Quotations,The teacher is one who makes two ideas grow where only one grew before.Elbert Hubbard,Quotations,Teaching is more about guidance than assurance.The teacher is supposed to guide the students onto a course that leads to the end.叶圣陶,Quotations,Part of teaching is helping students learn to tolerate ambiguity,consider possibilities,and ask questions that are unanswerable Bill Moyers,The entire object of true education is to make people not merely do the right things,but enjoy the right things.John Ruskin,Paraphrase,1.When people think of the word education,they think of a pupil as a sort of animate sausage casing.2.But genuine educationis not inserting the stuffings of information into a person,but rather eliciting knowledge from him;it is the drawing out of what is in the mind.3.Look into your own selves,and find the sparks of truth that God has put into every heart,and that only you can kindle to flame.,Paraphrase,4.because the principles and axioms of geometry are already in his mind,waiting to be called out.5.So many of the discussions and controversies about the contents of education are futile and inconclusive6.He was being so stuffed with miscellaneous facts,with such an indigestible mass of material,that he had no time(and was given no encouragement)to draw on his own resources,to use his own mind for analyzing and synthesizing and evaluating this material,Paraphrase,7.Education,to have any meaning beyond the purpose of creating well-informed dunces,must elicit from the pupil what is latent in every human being the rules of reason,the inner knowledge of what is proper for men to be and do.8.Pupils are more like oysters than sausagesThere are pearls in each of us,if only we knew how to cultivate them with ardor and persistence.,Reading FourU.S.Kids Need More School Time,Structure,Part I:01-04The history of school calendar and why there is a mismatch.Part II:05-09The reasons for changing school calendar and possible oppositionPart III:10-11Boyers suggestionsPart IV:12The conclusion and calling on action,Paraphrase,1.The kids are hanging out.I pass small bands of once-and-future students on my way to work these mornings.2.The calendar called the school year ran out on them a few weeks ago.3.Like others who fall through the cracks of their parents makeshift plans a week with relatives,a day at the playground they hang out.,Paraphrase,4.For much of our history,after all,Americans framed the school year around the needs of work and family.5.The six-hour day,the 180-day school year is regarded as something sacrosanct.6.Dr.Boyer is one of many who believe that radical revision of the school calendar is inevitable.“School,whether we like it or not,is custodial and educational.”,Paraphrase,7.Schools are routinely burdened with the job of solving all out social problems.Can they be asked now to synchronize with our work and family life?8.It may be easier to promote a longer school year on its educational merits and,indeed,the educational case is compelling.9.The long summers of forgetting take a toll.,Paraphrase,10.But the crux of the conflict has been over money.11.The third step will be the hardest:a true overhaul of the school year.Once,school was carefully calibrated to arrange childrens schedules around the edges of family needs.,Check Your Comprehension,A.1.T2.T3.F4.T5.F,B.1.a2.b3.d4.d5.a6.d,Check Your Comprehension,1.What is true education according to the author?2.What does the author mean by the comparison of students to sausages and oysters?3.Can an ordinary person without any schooling deal with a geometrical problem?4.Why does the author think that many discussions about the content of education are useless?5.Why does the college student mentioned by the author in the article not happy with his study?,Check Your Vocabulary,1.a2.b3.d4.c5.a6.d,Group Discussion,1.Define what true education is in your own terms.2.How,according to your own experience,do most teachers in China teach?3.Do you have time for reading and doing what you are really interested in as a university student?4.Have your teachers treated you like a sausage or like an oyster?Do you have a different comparison to describe your personal experience?,Teaching Practice in the US,Most professors see their role as helping students to acquire learning skills rather than instructing students.They believe that every individual has the capability to discover knowledge for himself or herself and that this mode of learning is superior to rote memorization of facts.They respect the knowledge and experiences students bring to the class.Students are expected to speak up and not just have mental discussions in their own head.,Grading System in the US,Paraphrase,1.Some time ago,I received a call from a colleague who asked if I would be the referee on the grading of an examination question.2.The instructor and the student agreed to submit this to an impartial arbiter,and I was selected.3.I pointed out that the student really had a strong case for full credit,since he had answered the question completely and correctly.,Paraphrase,4.A high grade is supposed to certify competence in physics,but the answer did not confirm this.5.In the next minute,he dashed off his answer,which read:6.He conceded and I gave the student almost full credit.,Paraphrase,7.For example,you could take the barometer out on a sunny day and measure the height of the barometer,the length of its shadow,and the length of the shadow of the building,and by the use of a simple proportion,determine the height of the building.8.If you want a more sophisticated method,you can tie the barometer to the end of a string,swing it as a pendulum,and determine the value of g at the street level and at the top of the building.From the difference between the two values of g,the height of the building can,in principle,be calculated.,Paraphrase,9.He admitted that he did,but said that he was fed up with high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think,to use the“scientific method,”and to explore the deep inner logic of the subject in a pedantic way10.With this in mind,he decided to revive scholasticism as an academic lark to challenge the Sputnik-panicked classrooms of America.,Check Your Comprehension A,1.T2.T3.T4.F5.F6.F,Check Your Comprehension B,1.Take the barometer to the top of the building,attach a long rope to it,lower the barometer to the street,and then bring it up and measure the length of the rope.The length of the rope is the height of the building.2.Take the barometer to the top of the building and lean over the edge of the roof.Drop the barometer and time its fall with a stop watch.Then,use the formula S=at2 to calculate the height of the building.3.Take the barometer out on a sunny day and measure the height of the barometer,the length of the its shadow,and the length of the building.You will get the height of the building with the use of a simple proportion.,Check Your Comprehension B,4.Take the barometer and walk up the stairs.As you climb the stairs,mark off the length of the barometer along the wall.Then count the number of the marks,and this will give the height of the building in barometer units.5.Tie the barometer to the end of a string and swing it as a pendulum and determine the value of g at the street level and at the top of the building.The height of the building can,in principle,be calculated from the difference between the two values of g.6.Take the barometer to the basement and knock on the superintendents door.Tell him you will give him the barometer as an exchange if he tells you the height of the building.,Check Your Vocabulary,1.A judge should be impartial.2.The pendulum of public opinion has swung back.3.He was meticulous,but never pedantic.4.They failed to fulfill their promises to revive the economy.5.She dashed off a quick letter excusing him from school that day.6.The proportion of men to women in the population has changed in recent years.7.I am getting fed up with your stupid comments.8.I agree with it in principle but I doubt it will happen in practice.,In Praise of the F Word,Paraphrase,1.Their validity will be questioned only when their employers discover that these graduates are semi-literate.2.There,high school graduates and high school dropouts pursuing graduate equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school.3.No writers block here.,Paraphrase,4.But,as I rediscover each time I walk into the classroom,before a teacher can expect students to concentrate,he has to get their attention,no matter what distractions may be at hand.5.That is to reveal the trump card of failure.6.Our youngest,a world-class charmer,did little to develop his intellectual talents,but always got by.,Paraphrase,7.I urged,believing the embarrassment would get him to settle down.8.I regained my composure and managed to say that I thought she was right.9.I see a parade of students who are angry and resentful for having been passed along until they could no longer even pretend to keep up.,Paraphrase,10.most kids dont put school first on their list unless they perceive something is at stake.Theyd rather be sailing.11.Flunking as a regular policy has just as much merit today as it did two generations ago.12.However,making it work again would take a dedicated,caring conspiracy between teachers and parents.13.while it might save them grief for the short term dooms them to long-term illiteracy.,Check Your Comprehension A,1.a2.b3.c4.c5.d6.a,Check Your Comprehension B,1.T2.T3.F4.T5.F,Check Your Vocabulary A,1.Spain has at last produced her trump card and sent on the field of battle her most deadly weapon.2.There is a great deal of money at stake if the project fails.We must do something about it immediately.3.We must follow the plan through to the end.4.You should hang on to that letter.You might need it later.,Check Your Vocabulary A,5.I picked up a book that happened to be at hand.6.He had managed to get by without much reading and writing.7.Everybody settles down so we can hear the story.8.Spending so much time playing sport is setting him back at school.,Check Your Vocabulary B,1.I have long felt that he lacks maturity.I guess he is still young.2.The new taxes will be a major impediment economic growth.The government should reconsider the whole issue before letting the taxes take effect.3.She was so flustered that she forgot to close the door.4.He managed to recover his composure quickly after the car accident.5.There was shy modestly behind that steely determination.,Check Your Vocabulary B,6.They were arrested for conspiracy against the government.7.The teacher flunked her because she did not follow the instructions in the exam.8.The jury listened carefully to the witnesss testimony of what he saw at the scene of the crime.9.Im hoping to get my teaching diploma this year.10.He was very resentful at the way he was treated.,Kids Hang Out,Paraphrase,1.Like other children who are sometimes left with no supervision because of their parents temporary plan a week at relatives place,or one day by themselves at the playground,they wander around aimlessly,doing nothing.2.Can we ask schools to arrange for their calendar to suit our work and family lives?3.If we state clearly that a longer school calendar will be educational worthwhile,probably it will be easier for it to become a reality.In fact educational situation really need a change.4.The fact that kids are away from school and dont study all summer has a serious effect on their studies.5.In the past,the school calendar was regulated to suit family needs.,Check Your Vocabulary B,1.The long walking was beginning to take a toll on all of us.2.He seems to think theres something sacrosanct about his annual fishing trip.3.No,no!The rhythm was not synchronized with the steps.We need to do it again.4.Here we come to the crux of the matter.5.They calibrated their response to the urgings of public-relation men.6.The engines were overhauled before our departure because we wanted to have a safe journey.7.Thats the corner where all the junkies hang out.,