并列句与状语从句.ppt

并列句和状语从句,句子的分类,句子按照其构成分为：1 简单句_2 并列句_He comes from the US and he likes China very much.3 复合句_ He didnt come to school yesterday because he was badly ill.,五种基本句型,由并列连词将两个及以上的简单句连在一起,含有从句的句子,二简单句五种基本句型：1 He arrived.2 I like apples3 He is a student.The food tastes good.,主语+谓语（vi),主语+谓语(vt)+宾语,主语+系动词+表语,常见系动词：be,sound,look,taste,smell,feel,keep,remain,stay,stand(empty),go,become,get,prove 等,4 1)We call him Jim.2)We should keep the classroom clean.3)The teacher asked him to carry the books into the classroom.5 He gave me a book.=He gave a book to me.注：He gave it to me.,主语+谓语+宾语+宾补,主语+谓语+间宾+直宾,复合宾语,双宾语,后常加双宾语的动词有：Show/offer/envy/teach/buy/make/get/own等,另外：祈使句和感叹句也属于简单句,Get up early.Please sit down.Dont be late.Lets go out.Let us wait outside.Do remember us.What interesting books they are!How interesting the books are!,1.概念：并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句通过并列连词连在一起。并列连词后的简单句被成为分句。,并列句,2.常见的并列连词：,(1)表递进关系的有:_.He had plenty of money and he can spent it freely.(2)表转折关系的有：_Jane said she was ill,yet I saw her in the street just now.(3)表选择关系的有：_Dont drive so fast or/otherwise youll have an accident.,and,not only but also,neithernor,not.but,but,yet,whereas(而),or,otherwise,eitheror,四、复合句,1.概念：复合句又称主从复合句，2.复合句分三类：_ _ _,形容词性从句即定语从句,名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句,副词性从句即状语从句,语法：并列句与状语从句一、副词性从句即状语从句 概念及分类:,1.概念：在整个句子中作_称为状语从句。（1）.I sent her back home.I sent her where she wanted to go.(前一句home作地点状语；后一句where she wanted to go作地点状语),时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步状语的从句,（2）.All the students were sleeping soundly tonight.When the fire broke out,all the students were sleeping soundly.(前一句tonight作时间状语；后一句When the fire broke out作时间状语),2.九大类状语从句及连词：,As,when,whenever,no matter when,while,after,before,once,as soon as,directly/immediately/instantly,no soonerthan,hardly/scarcelywhen,the instant/the moment/the second/the minute,every time/each time,the first time/the second time,(ever)since,till/until,Where,wherever,everywhere,So that,in order that,Because,as,for,since/now that,for fear that,So that,so that,such that,so,If,if only但愿,only if只有，in case/lest,as long as,as far as,unless,once,on condition that,on the assumption that,supposing that,provided that,As,as if/as though,the way,Than,Asas,not soas.,the 比较级,the 比较级(more and more),Although,though,as,even if/even though,whetheror,no matter what/how/where/when/who/=whatever/however/wherever/whenever/whoever,二、时间状语从句注意事项1.when,while 和as用法比较,1)When的用法a.when表 当的时候+_性动词eg:When the fire broke out,all the students were sleeping soundly When/while all the students were sleeping soundly,the fire broke out.,延续/瞬时,b.when表_（表动作发生的突然性）be doing whenbe about to do whenbe on the point of doing whenhad(just)done when/beforeeg:We were having a meeting when someone broke in.c.when _eg.It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes,表既然,这时,2）while 的用法,.,a.while表_+延续性动词 eg.Father was preparing a report while I was playing a computer game.I want my girls to experience the life in Spain while they are young.,当的时候；趁的时候,b.while表_，引导让步状语从句，从句常放在主句前 eg.While I am willing to help,I dont have much time.c.while表_（并列连词）-两者对比，或轻微转折eg.He is tall while his twin brother is rather short.d.while表 _，引导条件状语从句There will be life while there is water and air.,尽管,而，然而,只要(同as long as),3）as可表示从句和主句两个动作同时进行，可译为_As the day went on,the weather got worse.,“一边.一边”或“随着”,即学即练：用when,while,as填空：How can he get good grades_ he wont study?I was wandering through the street_ I caught sight of a tailors shop._I was wandering through the street,I caught sight of a tailors shop._he grew older,he lost interest in everything except gardening.There were some chairs left over_ everyone had sat down._ I really dont like art,I find his work impressive.,when,when,when,While,While,As,2.before和since的用法比较1)before的用法,a.before表_eg.We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.b.It_+before在之前将多久；还要多久才eg.It wont be long before we meet again./It was long before we met again.,在之前；还未就;还没来得及就.;,will be/wont be/would be/wouldnt be/was/wasnt+一段时间,2)since的用法 a.It is/has been+一段时间+since_ 动词翻译成_eg.It is two years since we met last time.我们自从上次见面到现在两年了。b.It is/has been+一段时间+since_性动词翻译_eg.It is years since I enjoyed myself.我多年没有玩的这么愉快了,延续 自从不到现在已多长时间,瞬间 自从到现在已多长时间,c.since表自从到现在 主句用_时态 since从句用_时态e.g.Where have you been since I last saw you?d.since表既然时引起原因状语从句，从句的时态看情况定e.g.Since he said so,it must true.,现在完成,一般过去,即学即练：用before,since填空：-How long do you think it will be _ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?-Perhaps two or three years.-Take a cigarette,please.-No,thanks.It is three years_ I smoked.-Look!Those guys are sweating out the examination.-They should work hard _ it is too late.-Why didnt you tell him about the meeting?-He rushed out of the room _ I could say a word.,before,before,before,since,3.until与till及 notuntil/till的用法,1)until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首。如：he told me,I knew nothing about it.I knew nothing about it till/until he told me.他告诉我了我才知道。,2)当not until位于句首时，主句中要使用部分倒装语序：until she came back did I leave.=I didnt leave until she came back.,在强调句型中一般用until，不用till，放到强调句型中不用部分倒装。如：It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.,4.表“一.就.”时hardly/scarcelywhen,no soonerthan引起的句子中，前面的主句常用_时，后面的从句用_时,_句常用部分倒装：,e.g.Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain.=We had hardly got into the country when it began to rain.No sooner had he come home than she started complaining.=He had no sooner come home than she started complaining.,过去完成,一般过去,主,三原因状语从句的注意事项1.because,as,for,since/now that的区别,because语气最强表示不知道的原因时用because,即说话人认为听话人不知道，因此because从句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。下列情况下只能使用because:在回答why的问句时；在用于强调句型时；被not所否定时；连词前有only,just,simply等修饰时。You want to know why Im leaving?Im leaving because Im full.,for的语气不及because,since,as强，为并列连词，引导的分句常放在主句之后，从句前通常用逗号，表示说话者为所做的推断和预测提供理由，或对前一分句进行补充和解释。如果不是因果关系，而是对前面主句的内容加以解释或推断时，只能用for。Its morning now,for the birds are singing.（很显然，鸟叫不可能是“现在已是早上”的原因。）,as/since/now that表示已经知道的原因时用as或since,即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。As从句放在主句前或后，since/now that从句常放在主句前Seeing all of the children already seated,he said,“Since everyone is here,lets start.”,四地点状语从句的注意事项,1.注意区分where引导的定语从句与地点状语从句的区别Youd better make marks where you have any questions.（地点状语从句无先行词，黑体部分表作标记的地点）Youd better make marks at the place where/in which you have any questions.(定语从句the place作先行词)Put the book where it belongs.(地点状语从句)Put the book at the place where/to which it belongs.(定语从句),五目的状语从句和结果状语从句的注意事项,1.in order that 与 so that的用法比较In order that引导的状语从句可放在主句之前或之后，而so that 引导的从句只能置于主句之后。e.g.Ill speak slowly so that/in order that you can follow me.In order that we might see the sunrise,we started for the peak early.,2.so+形容词/副词+that 从句 So+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式+that从句 So many/much(多)/few/little（少）+名词+that从句 Such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式+that从句 Such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句,以上so或such引导的目的或结果状语从句中，so或such置于句首时，主句要用_句式：e.g.So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.,倒装,六条件状语从句和方式状语从句的注意事项1.unless与until的用法比较,e.g.Youll fail the exam unless you study hard.(=if you dont study hard强调条件.)We didnt go to bed until he came back.(强调时间),即学即练：用unless或until填空Owen wouldnt eat anything _ he cooked it himself._ our manager objects to Toms joining the club,we shall accept him as a member.They waited _ all of us arrived.,unless,Unless,until,2.as if 或as though 引导的方式状语从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。e.g.The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.I feel as if I have a fever.,七让步状语从句和比较状语从句的注意事项1.although 与though引导让步状语从句，不与_连用，但可与_连用,e.g,Although/Though it was raining hard,yet they went on playing football.,but,yet,still或nevertheless,2.though 还可作副词，意“_”，置于句末，用逗号隔开 e.g.He hasnt finished the work;it doesnt matter,though.,可是，然而,3.though 引导的让步状语从句可以像as引导的从句一样用倒装句式,但although 引导的从句只能用正常语序。,e.g.Young as/though she is,she knows much.Child as/though she is,she knows much.Hard as/though she studied,she failed.Try as/though she might,she failed.,Although she is young,she knows much.Although she is a child,she knows much.Although she studied hard,she failed.Although she might try,she failed.,4.whetheror(不管还是);疑问词+ever与no matter+疑问词(不管;无论),都引导让步状语从句。,e.g.Whether you believe it or not,the story is true.Whatever/No matter what you say,he wont believe you.,但疑问词+ever除了引导上面的让步状语从句外，还可引导名词性从句，no matter+疑问词只引 导让步状语从句。e.g.He wont believe whatever you say.(宾语从句不可用no matter+疑问词),即学即练：用疑问词+ever把句子补充完整_tomorrow(无论明天天气什么样)，our ship will set sail for Macao.,Whatever the weather is like,八状语从句的省略1.当 地点，时间，条件，让步状语从句中的主语与主句的主语相同，状语从句的谓语动词又含有系动词is,was,或were时，常把从句的主语与系动词be一起省略；或当状语从句中的主语是it,状语从句的谓语动词是is或was时，常把从句中的主语it与系动词is或was一起省略。,e.g.Dont speak until(you are)spoken to.She always sings while(she is)doing her work.While(I was)in Beijing,I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.Come tomorrow if(it is)possible.Ill buy a TV set if(it is)necessary.As a young man,he studied law and became a lawyer(=As/When he was a young man,).,即学即练：Every evening after dinner,if not_ from work,I will spend some time walking my dog.A.being tired B.tiring C.tired D.to be tiredWhen _ different cultures,we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.A.compared B.being compared C.comparing D.having compared Although _ my opinion,the old professor didnt come up with his own.A.against B.on C.for D.in,2.比较状语从句中的省略,在对话中或特定的上下文中，由as或than引出的比较对象或内容与主句重复的部分可以省略：E.g.-Is Mike more diligent than Andrew?-Oh no,he is half as diligent(as Andrew).How beautifully she sings!I have never heard a better voice(than hers).For women,life is twice as difficult(as it is for men).,即学即练：Mum likes this old house in downtown better than the huge one in the country,but it costs almost _.A.twice as much B.twice as many C.twice so much D.twice so many,九在以下三类状语从句中主句用现在将来时，从句要用一般现在时表将来；主句用过去将来时，从句要用一般过去时：时间状语从句when,as soon as,the moment，before,until,by the time条件状语从句if,once,unless让步状语从句 although（wh疑问词+how）,1）I will stay here until the rain stops.2）The wet weather will continue tomorrow,when a cold front is expected to arrive.3)If it doesnt rain tomorrow,I will go to see my uncle.4)Whatever he says,I will not believe him.,注意：在宾语从句中该用将来时还得用将来时1.(2010吉林市高三第二次市统考）How about buying Sam a mobile phone?After all,he isnt a boy any more.I think it necessary,for we sometimes want to make sure if he _ home for dinner.A.will come B.comes C.has come D.would come,To my dear friends:_ there is a will,there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Persistent people get their success_ others failed.Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.,Where,where,That is all for today.Thank you!,