动词过去分词作定语和表语.ppt

Grammar,Past Participle Used as Attribute and Predicative,Task one,Look at the following story and find the usage of past participle(“-ed”),Story,A boy called Tom went to the cinema one night.It was a horror film,but he was interested in it.Sometimes he felt excited,sometimes he felt frightened.After the film,the tired boy came back home.Once home,the exhausted boy,Key points,“-ed”can be used as _ and be put before or after the noun that it modifies.eg.tired/exhausted/excited boy a boy called Tom“ed”can also be put after the link-verbs(be,feel,become,get,seem)and used as _.eg.be interested in feel excited/frightened,attribute,predicative,Task two,Can you find out the position of“ed”used as attribute from these examples?injured fingers 一个受伤的手指 a finger injured in the accidentspoken English 英语口语 a language spoken by many peoplewritten exercises 书面练习 a book written by Lu Xun,Key points,Single“-ed”word is usually used _ the noun it modifies.单个过去分词做定语常放在它所修饰的名词之前。“-ed”phrase is usually used _the noun it modifies.过去分词短语作定语常放在它所修饰的名词之后。,after,before,Task three,Please find more examples in the reading passage of each usage.,Attribute,So many thousands of terrified people died soon the affected person died.He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street that polluted water carried the virus.help ordinary people exposed to cholera.He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.,Predicative,But he became inspired when he thought about help ordinary people exposed to cholera.He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.He was determined to find out why.,过去分词作定语和表语总结,一、过去分词作定语,1.单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语(preposed attribute)。eg.terrified people 受到惊吓的人们 polluted water 被污染的水 a closed door 关闭的门注意：-ed作前置定语时，有时只有被动意义。eg.spoken English 英语口语 written exercises 书面练习,一、过去分词作定语,少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词做前置定语时只有完成的意义 fallen leaves 落叶 the risen sun 升起来的太阳 the developed countries 发达国家 a returned student 一名留学生 a retired teacher 一名退休教师,一、过去分词作定语,2.过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和完成意义。eg.The books written by Lu Xun are popular鲁迅写的书很受欢迎。Well go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago 我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water.他发现它来自被脏水污染的河里。,一、过去分词作定语,3.过去分词可作非限制性定语，相当于省略式的定语从句。e.g The books,(which were)written by Lu Xun,were very popular.The bridge,(which was)built in 1999,is very beautiful.,现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别,现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。现在分词表示进行，过去分词表示状态或完成。boiling water 正在烧(煮沸)的水 boiled water 已煮沸的水 developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家 falling leaves 落叶(正在进行)fallen leaves 落叶(已经完成),现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别,The boy killing the dog is her brother.The boy killed by the man is her brother.,考题练练看,1.The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C.,did not include women players until 1912.A.first played B.to be first played C.first playing D.to be first playing解析：A first played in 776B.C.=which was first played in 776 B.C.现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。,考题练练看,2.Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited 解析：A 考查过去分词作后置定语，与所修饰的名词之间是被动关系。,考题练练看,3.Dont use words,expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge.A.being known B.having been known C.to be known D.known解析：D,考题练练看,4.I dont know the girl _ in the snow storm.A.to catch B.caught C.catching D.to be catching 解析：B 小女孩被困在暴风雪中，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。,二、过去分词作表语,1.过去分词作表语，表示主语的感受或所处的状态。No wonder he was so excited.可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有：delighted,disappointed,upset,astonished,excited,frightened,interested,puzzled,exhausted,satisfied,inspired,surprised,pleased,二、过去分词作表语,2.许多动词的过去分词已经被当作形容词使用。如：broken,disappointed,excited,moved,puzzled,pleased,surprised,lost等。,过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别,-ed作表语主要表示动作的完成和状态，相当于一个形容词；被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强,句子主语为动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。The glass is broken.The glass was broken by Tom.,过去分词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别,-ing表主动与进行，常用于表示事物的性质，汉语常翻译为“(某事/物)使人,令人”；-ed 含有被动的意思，经常用于说明人的感觉，汉语常译为“(某人)感到”。eg.What he said was encouraging.We were encouraged at what he said.,-ed作表语与-ing作表语的区别,此类词常见的有：surprising,surprised;exciting,excited;interesting,interested;astonishing,astonished;encouraging,encouraged;disappointing,disappointed;satisfying,satisfied;inspiring,inspired;pleasing,pleased;tiring,tired;boring,bored.,考题练练看,1.Mr.Smith,_ of the _ speech,started to read a novel.A.tired;boring B.tiring;bored C.tired;bored D.tiring;boring 解析：A。第一空应填tired，来源于系表结构be tired of；第二空表令人感到枯燥的，应填现在分词boring。,考题练练看,2.Cleaning women in big cities usually get _by the hour.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to pay 解析：C 该题考查分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb by the hour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：get burnt,get hurt,get wounded.,考题练练看,3.As soon as he entered the city,he _.A.was losing B.got losing C.grew lost D.got lost 解析：D get lost 迷路了4.What surprised me most was that the leader of that country got _.A.kill B.killing C.killed D.to be killed 解析：C 过去分词表被动,考题练练看,5.The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing.A.seat B.seating C.seated D.to be seating 解析：C。remain seated 为系表结构，不具有被动色彩。,考题练练看,6.-Im very _ with my own cooking.It looks nice and smells delicious.-Mm.It does have a _ smell.A.pleasant;pleased B.pleased;pleased C.pleasant;pleasant D.pleased;pleasant 解析：D。pleased，满意的；pleasant，令人愉快的。,Task four,Complete the table with phrases that have the same meaning.,seats reserved for,water polluted by,a room crowded with,a winner pleased with,Task four,6.astonished children,7.a broken vase,8.a closed door,9.the tired audience,10.a trapped animal,Task five,Complete the sentences using the past participle given to you as the predicative.1.He got _ about losing the money.2.The painter looked so _ after working for a whole day.,tired blamed infected shocked excited disappointed,blamed,tired,Task five,3.I was _ with he film I saw last night.I had expected it to be better.4.Everybody was _ to hear of the death of the famous film star.5.Everybody is really _ about the new Olympic stadiums(奥运场馆).6.His wound became _ with a new virus.,disappointed,shocked,excided,infected,用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，变成所谓的转移形容语。这种过去分词在形式上直接修饰物，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。The general stared at him in startled admiration.将军以惊讶而赞赏的眼光注视着他。,考题练练看,1.There was an _ look on his face when the actress appeared.A.excited B.excite C.exciting D.excitement 解析：A 激动的表情应为excited look，,一些短语中过去分词和现在分词的使用是约定俗成的，应加以记忆,如：worried look(忧虑的表情)，a puzzled girl(迷惑的女孩)，trembling voice/lips(颤抖的嗓音/嘴唇),shaking hands(颤抖的双手),generally speaking(一般说来),judging from/by(根据判断)等等。,