初中英语特殊句型总结(课件).ppt

英语特殊句型总结,1.倒装句2.祈使句3.感叹句,一、倒装句基本型：谓语+主语,1.完全倒装2.部分倒装,1.完全倒装,一、here类二、away类三、状语或表语类四、非谓语动词类,一、here类,当表示地点的here和 there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。1.这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come,go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词。eg.Theres Jim.吉姆在那儿。eg.Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。2.这类倒装句的主语只能是名词，若主语为代词，则不能倒装。eg.Here it comes.它来了。,练习,1)汤姆在这里。Heres Tom.2)铃响了。There goes the bell.3)最后一班火车开走了。There goes the last train.,二、away类,副词away,down,in,off,out,over,round,up等位于句首时，其后也用完全倒装语序。1.这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词。eg.Away went the runners.2.这类倒装句的主语也只能是名词，若主语为代词，则不用倒装。eg.Away he went.,1)飞机盘旋着。Round and round flew the plane.2)门开了，史密斯先生进了来。The door opened and in came Mr Smith.3)下雨了，伞都撑起来了。Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.4)它掉了下来。Down it came.,练习,三、状语或表语类,1.为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装。eg.By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.2.在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意谓语与其后的主语保持一致：eg.In the box was a cat.In the box were some cats.,四、非谓语动词类,为了强调，将现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，构成完全倒装。Standing beside the table was his wife.Buried in the sands was an ancient village.To be carefully considered are the following questions.,2.部分倒装,一、否定副词开头构成部分倒装二、only型倒装三、so型倒装四、not only型倒装,一、否定型倒装,1）not,no,never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely,no sooner,no longer,nowhere，not until,by no means等否定意义副词位于句首，后面用部分倒装。I never saw him again.Never did I see him again.2）对于notuntil句型，当not until位于句首时，其后的主句要用倒装语序。eg.He didnt leave the room until the rain stopped.Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room.3）某些起副词作用的介词短语，如是否定含义并位于句首，也要用部分倒装。,二、only型倒装,only加状语(副词/介词短语/从句)置于句首时,要用部分倒装Only in this way can we learn English.,三、so型倒装,1）当副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后通常用部分倒装。So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape.2）表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，用部分倒装。基本结构是“so+助动词+主语”。You are young and so am I.She likes music and so do I.If he can do it,so can I.,四、not only型倒装,当not onlybut also位于句首引出句子时，not only后的句子用部分倒装形式。Not only is he a teacher,but he is also a poet.Not only did he speak more correctly,but he spoke more easily.,二、祈使句,命令、指示、要求、建议、劝告,1.祈使句的定义,祈使句是用来发出命令或指示，提出要求、建议、劝告等的句子。祈使句的第二人称主语you通常不表示出来，而是以动词原形开头。例如：Be careful.小心。Have a coffee,please.请喝杯咖啡。Dont worry.不要担心。,2.祈使句的主语,一、省略第二人称的主语Look out!Theres a car coming.小心！有车来了。Dont touch me.别碰我。二、祈使句如需要强调对方时，亦可把you说出来。You be quiet!你们安静！Dont you open the door.你不要开门。,2.祈使句的主语,三、祈使句亦可用第三人称作主语。Somebody open the door.（注意：要用动词原形）来个人把门打开。Henry read the poem first.（注意：要用动词原形）亨利先读这首诗。Parents with children go to the front.带孩子的家长到前面去。Dont anybody open the door.（注意：要用dont而不是用doesnt）谁也不要开门。,3.结构：动词原形开头,多数的祈使句是以动词原形开头的Help！救命啊！Stand up!起立！Sit down!坐下！Close the door!关门！,3.结构：be+表语,Be quiet.安静。Be quick.快点。Be seated.请坐。Be persuaded by your father.听你父亲的话。,3.结构：Let,Let him be here by ten oclock.让他在十点之前到这儿。Let me try.让我试试。Dont let the cup fall.不要让杯子掉了。,3.结构：名词、副词、动词短语,Help!Patience!Quickly!Hands up!,4.祈使句的否定,在谓语动词前加上do not或dont（口语中），有时也可用never。若祈使句有主语，否定词dont或never要置于主语之前。Do not come in unless asked.非请莫入。Dont you believe it.决不要相信它。Dont anyone make any noise.谁也不要吵吵闹闹。Never be late again next time.下一次千万不要再迟到了。,4.祈使句的否定：let,一、Dont letDont let the baby fall.不要让婴儿摔下来。二、LetnotLets not think about it.I am tired of think about it.咱们别再想那件事了。我已经厌倦了。Let us not talk about that matter.咱们别再谈论那个问题了。三、Letno（少用）Let there be no mistake about it.以后别再犯这种错误了。,5.祈使句的强调形式,在整个结构之前加do。Do be careful!Do Stop talking!,6.祈使句的反意疑问句,1祈使句的反意疑问部分为肯定形式，要用shall，will。Pass me the book，will you?2Lets表示第一人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“Shall we?”。Lets go for a walk，shall we?3Let me和Let us 表示第二人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“will you?”。Let us go for a walk，will you?,6.祈使句的反意疑问句,4其它行为动词引起的祈使句，无论其陈述部分是否定还是肯定的祈使句，多用“will you?”，表一种客气的语气。Listen to me，will you?Dont tell anyone about it，will you?但在肯定的祈使句后有时也用“wont you?”表“提醒对方注意”或表“邀请”。Have a cup of coffee，wont you?Come in and take a seat，wont youwill you?,7.祈使句 两个重要句型,1“祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件。Hurry up and youll catch the train.(If you hurry up，youll catch the train)2“祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件，or(else)表示“否则；要不然”。Hurry up，or youll miss the train(If you dont hurry up，youll miss the train),8.祈使句由直接引语变成间接引语,askrequesttellorder sb(not)to do sth“Speak loudly，please!”the teacher said to meThe teacher asked me to speak loudly“Dont smoke in the meeting room!”he said to TomHe told Tom not to smoke in the meeting room,三、感叹句,感叹句指的就是用以表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。,1)What a an+adj+n（单数）+S+V!eg.What a bad man he is!2)What+adj+n（复数/不可数名词）+S+V!eg.What bad weather were having!eg.What beautiful flowers they are!3)What+n+S+V!eg.What fools they are!,1.what 引导的感叹句,2.How 引导的感叹句,How+adj/adv+S+V!eg.How boring this is!eg.How beautifully you sing!How+S+V!eg.How youve changed!你的变化真大!How+adj+a an+n（单数）+S+V!eg.How kind a man he is!,3.副词置于句首的感叹句,以here,there等副词开头的倒装句可以构成感叹句。There goes the bell!打铃了。Here comes the bus!公共汽车来了!,4.感叹句的省略用法,How lucky(I am)!我是多么地幸运啊!What a strange man(he is)!好奇怪的人啊!What a pity(it is)that you cant come with us!你不能和我们一起来，真是可惜啊!How careless(it is)of him to make such a mistake!他是不小心，才会犯下这,5.感叹句如何变为间接引语,直接引语是感叹句时，若要变作间接引语，通常用引述动词tell,exclaim等。eg.“What a brave boy you are!”she told him.She told him what a brave boy he was.youhearewas,四、强调句,1用反身代词表示强调,eg我将亲自到车站为她送行。I myself will see her off at the station你自己能做好这件事情。You can do it well yourself,2用形容词“very”，“single”等表示强调,eg红军就在此地打过一仗。Red Army fought a battle on this very spot今天下午竟然没有一个人来过办公室。Not a single person has been in the office this afternoon,3用助词“do”表示强调,eg那孩子的健康状况尚好，但就是偶尔患感冒。The baby is generally healthy，but every now and then she does catch a cold务必安静，我告诉过你，我头疼。Do be quietI told you I had a headache,4用副词“very”，“only”，“even”，“too”等表示强调,egHe drank it to the very last drop他把它喝得一干二净。Only in this way can we wipe out the enemy troops只有用这样的方法我们才能消灭敌军。He didnt answer even my letter他甚至连我的信都未回。I will too go！我要去的！,5用“and that”，“and those”，“nottoo much”，“否定加否定”等结构表示强调,egThey fulfilled the task，and that in a few days他们在几天内完成的就是那项任务。I gave her some presents，and those the day before yesterday前天我送给她的就是那些礼物。I cant thank you too much我无论怎样感谢你都不过份。,6用短语“in every way”，“in no way”，“by all means”，“by no means”，“only too”，“all too”，“but too”，“in heaven”，“in the world”，“in hell”，“on earth”，“under the sun”等表示强调,His behaviour was in every way perfectBy all means take your son with youThe news was only too trueIt was over all too soon！Where in heaven were you then？Nobody under the sun would buy that car,7用倒装句表示强调,egDishonest he is！他的确不诚实！In wine is the truth 酒后吐真言。,8用强调句型表示强调,egIt was the headmaster who opened the door for meIt was yesterday that we carried out that experiment,9用If来表示强调,1）If从句I dont know whowhat，etcdoesishas，etc；主语部分也可以用nobody doesishas，etc或everybody doesishas，et c来代替（这里的if从句往往是正话反说，反话正说）：If he cant do it，I dont know who can要是他做不了这件事，我不知道还有谁能做。（强调只有他能做）If Jim is a coward，everybody is要是吉姆是个胆小鬼，那么人人都是胆小鬼。（强调吉姆不是胆小鬼）2）if从句it be主句（此用法可看成是第8中强调句型的变形，即把所要强调的内容放在it be的后面，把其它内容放在由if引导的从句中）：If anyone knew the truth，it was Tom如果说谁了解事实的真相，那便是汤姆。If there is one thing he loves，it is money如果说世界上还有他爱的东西，那便是金钱。,10.用重复来表示强调：,eg.Why！why！The cage is empty！啊！啊！箱子是空的。They walked for miles and miles他们走了好多英里。,11用感叹句来表示强烈的感情，突出说话人的情感,eg.How interesting a story it is！这是一个多么有趣的故事啊！Oh，what a lie！啊，真是弥天大谎！,