初中英语时态总结.ppt

时态复习,Revision of tense,一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时一般将来时现在完成时,一般现在时态,一般现在时态的陈述句,概念：一般现在时态表示的是经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态。,eg:I am a teacher.You are a worker.She/He is a student.We/You/They are students.,1.Be 的用法：I用 am，you用are，is用于他(he)、她(she)、它(it)，复数(we,you,they)全部都用are,1、一般动词，在词尾加 s;如：work-works,live-lives,play-plays,sing-sings.eg:She lives in Ningbo.她住在宁波。2、以s/x/sh/ch/o 等字母结尾的动词，词尾加-es，teach-teaches,wash-washes.eg:My mother washes the coat.我母亲洗了大衣。,行为动词do一般现在时第三人称单数（he,she,it)的构成规则：,2.行为动词：DO 和DOES,II 一般现在时的否定式,1.Be 动词的否定式:be+not,I am a teacher.You are a workerShe is a doctorWe are friends.,Im not a teacherYou arent a workerShe isnt a doctor.We arent friends.,is not=isntare not=arent,否定句,2.(do)当主语是单数第三人称时，它与助动词DOES有关，但是动词谓语一定要恢复为原形。当主语是其他人称时，它与助动词DO有关。,I like English.She likes it very much.We go to work by bike.,I dont like English.She doesnt like it very much.We dont go to work by bike.,否定句,概念：用 yes 或 no 来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。一般疑问句句首的第一个词一般读得比较重。,III一般疑问句,I am a teacher.Are you a teacher?You are a worker.Are you a worker?He is a student.Is he a student?We are friends.Are you friends?,1.对于BE 动词，疑问句要求把BE 提前，第一人称的单数和复数（I/WE），第一变成第二人称。,疑问句,2.对于实义动词，疑问句要求是：当主语是他(he)，她(she)，它(it)时，句子前面加DOES，并把动词恢复原形；当主语是其他人称时，句前加DO，第一人称(I/we)换第二人称(you)。,I often go there.You like the music.He goes to work by bus.We/You/They like it.,Do you often go there?Do you like the music?Does he go to work by bus?Do you/they like it?,.特殊疑问句,特殊疑问句在考试中涉及得比较多，主要以选择和转换句型为主，首先要掌握一些常用疑问词的意思如：what（什么）,when,what time（什么时间）,who（谁）,where（在哪里）,why（为什么）,how（怎样）,how many+可数名词的复数（多少），how long（多长时间）,how often（多久一次）等，其次掌握它的语序，即就是特殊疑问词+一般疑问句语序（Who）除外,一、疑问词+一般疑问句句序：Where are you from?Im from the north.What do you want?I want the books on your desk.,特殊疑问句的语序,一般过去时态,一般过去时态的定义,动词的一般过去时态表示过去发生的动作、情况或存在的状态。行为动词（即实义动词）的过去式一般没有人称和数的变化。,谓语动词的构成形式,一般过去时的谓语动词有be动词 和行为动词两种基本形式,规则动词过去式的构成,be动词和行为动词两种基本形式,be动词（或系动词be）的过去式为was和were两个。,行为动词的过去式，其变化分为规则和不规则的两种。,规则动词过去式的构成,一般动词原形末尾加-ed。如：looklooked,staystayed;以e结尾的动词只加-d。如：hopehoped,livelived;末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed.如：stopstopped,plan(计划)planned;,规则动词过去式的构成,结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先将y改为i,再加-ed.如：studystudied,carrycarried.ed(或-d)的读音：在清辅音结尾的词后读t.如：workworked w kt,help helped helpt;在浊辅音和元音后读d。如：callcalledkld,play played pled;在t和d音后面发d。如：wantwantedwntd，need needed ni:dd.,一般过去时态常见的基本用法,1.表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态 Liu Jie got up at 7:10 this morning.He was a student three years ago.,一般过去时态常见的基本用法,2表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。Zhang Yaru always went to school by bike last term.,一般过去时态常见的基本用法,3表示已故人所做的事情。Comrade Lei Feng did good deeds all his life.(雷锋同志做了一生的好事。),一般过去时态常见的基本用法,4.表示过去所发生的一系列的动作，而这一系列的动作是从现在的角度来考虑的，不是从动作相互之间的关系这一角度来考虑的。Miss Liu got up at seven oclock this morning,dressed,had breakfast,and went to work.,Be was/wereDo did,一般过去时,表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday;last week;in 1945,at that time;once;during the war;before;a few days ago;when,现在进行时,定义:表示现在正在进行的动作.结构:be(is,am,are)+doing常见时间状语:now,或动词look,listeneg:We are having an English class now.否定句：We arent having.一般疑问句：Are you having?,一般将来时,定义:表示将要做的事或计划要做的事.结构:be(is,am,are)going to do will/shall do(shall一般用于第一人称)时间状语:tomorrow(morning,afternoon,evening),next day(week,month,year),the day after tomorrow,in 2006.Eg:They are going to have a football match next week.,现在完成时的构成:,Have/has+动词过去分词,1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.,already,ever,yet,just,before,recently,these days,up to now,in the last few years等.,现在完成时的用法(2个),经常与下列词语连用,2.表示过去发生的动作持续到了现在,可能继续发展下去,常与for或since引导的时间状语连用.,总结:非延续性动词在完成时的肯定句中不可与含for,since,how long等引导的时间状语连用,要用别的词替换.,come/arrive,buy,borrow,die,leave,begin/start,join,be,keep,be dead,be away from,be on,be in/be a member,have,1.Mr.Black left China in 1990.Mr.Black _China since 1990.2.The hero died five years ago.The hero _ for five years.3.The meeting began two minutes ago.The meeting _ for two minutes.4.We borrowed two books last week.We _ the two books for a week.5.Sally joined the League two years ago.Sally _ the League for two years.,句型转换:(改为意思相同的句子),has been away from,has been dead,has been on,have kept,has been in,总结:have/has been to表示“到(去)过某地”,人已经回来.have/has gone to 表示“到某地去了”,人正在某地或在去某地的途中have/has been in 表示“在某地呆多久”,常和表示一段时间的状语连用.,3.for 与since接时间状语时的区别,1.A:What a nice dog!How long have you had it?B:_ two years.A.For B.Since C.In D.From 2.Miss Gao has taught in this school _ 1996.A.for B.at C.in D.since,For后接时间段,since后接时间点或从句.,如:for two years;for six hours;for three days;for five minutes;since three days ago;since 1997;since three days ago;since I came to Beijing 等.,总结:,1.George _ French for ten years.A.had learned B.has learned C.will be learning D.learns2.Jack has studied Chinese in the school _ the year 2002.A.in B.since C.on D.by,B,B,4.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别,一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday,the day before yesterday,last year,just now,then,last week,last month,an hour ago,two days ago,in 1994等.,过去完成时经常与哪些时间状语连用?,与现在完成时连用表示时间的词语：already,ever,yet,just,before,recently,these days,up to now,in the last few years等.for+时间段since+时间点,总结:现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,而一般过去时表示单纯的过去的事实或状态.另外,两种时态的时间状语不一样,一般过去时常与具体的过去时间连用,现在完成时不能.,