初中英语-语法填空解题方法.ppt

专 题 训 练语法填空Teacher:Miss Agree,题型概说,常用的动词与动词搭配,解题技巧,在做语法填空题时,可以用一种“自上而下”的思路去思考答案。即可以从“篇章，句子，词汇”三个层面去考虑。,一、整体了解文章主旨，把握语篇特征 二、理解句子意思，分析句子结构 三、根据篇、句意思，推敲用词形式 四、通篇重读，保证语意贯通五、单词归纳,整体了解文章主旨，把握语篇特征,1、文章主旨要义理解，2、作者观点、意图、立场3、句与句之间的关系 正确理解上下文的意思及各种语篇标志。（因果关系、转折关系、递进关系等）4、时态变换,首先要通读文章,了解文段中谈及的要点发生的时间、地点、原因、人物及其关系等,文章的意思决定了选词。其次,要通过字里行间的意思推断作者的观点、意图、立场,如:作者同意什么,反对什么,喜好什么,憎恶什么,主张什么等等,这种理解直接影响你的填词决定。,句与句之间的关系是另一重要方面。你必须要正确理解上下文的意思及各种语篇标志。例如:上下文是如何衔接的,上下文的意思是因果关系,还是转折关系、或是递进关系等。最后是你做题前,要特别关注整篇文章的时态变换。要把有关的表示时空顺序的标志词及时间状语画出来,看看是否发生了变化,为什么发生变化。,理解句子意思，分析句子结构 了解文章整体意思后,必须看清各个句子的意思,尤其是含有空格的句子的意思。分析句子结构是答题过程中很关键的一步。一个句子的最关键词是它的主要谓语动词及其相应主语,这一套主谓结构就是该句的主句。其他成分,如宾语、表语、补语、状语、定语等都是附加成分。做题时，首先弄清楚句子的基本结构，确定“主谓宾”成分，看看该句子缺不缺少谓语动词。然后再考虑非谓语动词或者其他扩展成分。此外，我们还可以用其他方法来分析句子的结构，确定填什么词。,1）翻译提示法 有时候,对句子的翻译会大大提高我们的正确答题率,如:,an,Jumping out of _ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite_ exciting experience.,从一万英尺高的一架飞机上跳下来是一次非常令人兴奋的经历。,an,Which do you enjoy _(spend)your spare time,playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park?分析:此句根据意群可分成Which do you enjoy 及_your spare time和playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park三块,enjoy的宾语是 playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park,而_your spare time部分应该是一个表示目的不定式。,2）意群切分法 意群就是句子中根据逻辑关系和语法结构,有一定独立性的,可以切割开的更小的部分。解题时,将句子的意群分离清楚并理顺其逻辑关系,有助于确定正确答案。如:,Which do you enjoy _(spend)your spare time,playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park?,to spend,enjoy doing sth,The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _(carry out)the next year.,3）结构还原法 由于汉英结构的差别,英语句子中的定语、状语的位置往往与其所修饰的部分发生分离现象,解题时,将位置发生了变化的结构还原会使解题更容易。,They would like to see the plan _(carry out)the next year,see sth done,carried out,No matter how frequently _(perform),the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.,4）结构补全法 将被省略的部分还原,补充为一个完整的句子。如:,分析:将从句中被省略的部分还原为:No matter how frequently they are _.就不难确定正确答案为performed。,performed,The country life he was used to _(change)greatly since 1992.,5）简化结构法 去掉插入语、修饰语、附加结构、某些从句等,将原本比较复杂的句子简化,有助于我们看清句子结构。,The country life he was used to _(change)greatly since 1992.,has changed,分析:如果我们去掉country life 的定语从句 he was used to,将原句简化为The country life _ greatly since 1992.那么可以确定正确 答案为has changed。,The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_(not make)it more difficult.,6）结构对比法 某些句子结构的前后部分往往包含完全相同或者平衡的语法结构,我们可以通过对前后结构的类比辨析来确定正确答案。如;,not to make,The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_(not make)it more difficult.,not to make,分析:本句考查的是互相比较的两个动词不定式作表语的用法。正确答案为not to make,Many people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today.,7）后空确认法 当一个句子含有两个空格是,不一定非要从第一个入手,而是从第二个空格来确定答案,即在两个考点的提目中不一定非要从第一个入手,而是从有把握的入手,寻找解题的突破口。如:,Many people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today.,a,/,分析:该题的时间状语today并不是修饰international trade,而是修饰整个句子,所以international trade 并非特指,其前边不需要冠词,因此,可确定第一格答案为a,第二格可不填。,实践与提高Practice makes perfect!,1.More than a dozen students in that school _(send)abroad to study medicine last year.2.My brother is an actor.He_(appear)in several films so far.3.Mr White _(arrive)at 8:30 for the meeting,but he didnt show up.,were sent,has appeared,should have arrived,4.Not only I but also Jane and Mary_(be)tired of having one examination after another,so we will complain to the teacher.5.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_(not make)it more difficult.,not to make,are,A proverb says,“Time is money.”But in my opinion time is even _1_ precious than money.Why?_2_ when money is spent,we earn it back.However,when time is _3_ it will never return._4_ is known to all that the time we can use is limited.Therefore we should make _5_ use of our time to study hard so as to serve out country in _6_ future.But it is a pity that there are a lot of people _7_ do not realize the value of time.They _8_ their precious time smoking,drinking and playing.In a ward,we should form the good habit of _9_(save)time.Do not put off what can be done today _10_ tomorrow.,A proverb says,“Time is money.”But in my opinion time is even _1_ precious than money.Why?_2_ when money is spent,we earn it back.However,when time is _3_ it will never return._4_ is known to all that the time we can use is limited.Therefore we should make _5_ use of our time to study hard so as to serve out country in _6_ future.But it is a pity that there are a lot of people _7_ do not realize the value of time.They _8_ their precious time smoking,drinking and playing.In a ward,we should form the good habit of _9_(save)time.Do not put off what can be done today _10_ tomorrow.,A proverb says,“Time is money.”But in my opinion time is even _1_ precious than money.Why?_2_ when money is spent,we earn it back.However,when time is _3_ it will never return._4_ is known to all that the time we can use is limited.Therefore we should make _5_ use of our time to study hard so as to serve out country in _6_ future.But it is a pity that there are a lot of people _7_ do not realize the value of time.They _8_ their precious time smoking,drinking and playing.In a ward,we should form the good habit of _9_(save)time.Do not put off what can be done today _10_ tomorrow.,more,Because,gone,It,full,the,who,spend,saving,until/till,in my opinion 我认为Therefore 因此，所以It is known to all that 是众所周知的So as to 为了in the future 在将来It is a pity that 真遗憾form the good habit of 形成良好的习惯spend+时间/金钱+(in)doing sth 花金钱/时间做某事,I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountain.The sun was setting when my car _1_(break)down near a remote and poor village.Cursing my misfortune,I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to _2_ should have the honor of receiving me _3_ a guest in their house.Finally,I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house.While she was getting me _4_(settle)into a tiny but clean room,the head of the village was trying up his horse to my car to pull it to _5_ small town some 20 kilometers away _6_ there was a garage.,I had noticed three hens running free in my hostesss courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table._7_ villagers brought me goats cheese and honey,We drank together and talked _8_(merry)till far into the night.When the time came for me say goodbye to my friends in the village,I wanted to reward the old man _9_ the trouble I had cause _10_.,I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountain.The sun was setting when my car down near a remote and poor village.Cursing my misfortune,I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to should have the honor of receiving me a guest in their house.Finally,I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house.While she was getting me into a tiny but clean room,the head of the village was trying up his horse to my car to pull it to small town some 20 kilometers away there was a garage.,broke,who,as,settled,a,where,I had noticed three hens running free in my hostesss courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table.villagers brought me goats cheese and honey,We drank together and talked till far into the night.When the time came for me say goodbye to my friends in the village,I wanted to reward the old man the trouble I had cause.,Other,merrily,for,her,一、整体了解文章主旨，把握语篇特征 二、理解句子意思，分析句子结构 三、根据篇、句意思，推敲用词形式 四、通篇重读，保证语意贯通五、单词归纳,小结解题技巧,Homework语法填空,