初中完形填空解题技巧课件.ppt

Skills of Cloze Tests,完形填空解题技巧,一、完形填空的特点是什么？,完形填空是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题难易程度与初中教材相当，词数在180-250左右。文中平均每隔25个词左右设空。学生通过推理判断，综合分析等将答案填入空白处，使短文前后连贯、意思通顺、结构完整合理。,（一）从文章结构看,首句通常不设空，以便考生对短文前提和背景有个较清楚的了解，从而使考生尽快熟悉语境、推测文章大意。2.短文设空平均密度为25个单词一个空。,中考完形填空抛弃了传统的“语法知识型”命题模式，转变成“情境能力型”的命题趋势。它的一个显著特点就是突出语篇，即重在文意的干扰，把具体的语言知识融进具体的语言情境中去，考查学生通过上下文对整体文意进行把握的能力。,二.完形填空的规律是什么？,二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些？,（二）从语言层次看考点设计对把握语段的要求在提高。我们可以把考点分为三个层次，即句子层次、句群层次和语篇层次,句子层次的设空,例：(2007年中考英语试卷 完形填空四选一 保留原题号)I 90 you were very busy then helping your friend get ready for her wedding I am sure it was a success.A.remember B.explainC.hope D.expect,答案：A,指那些只需读懂设空所在句便可选出答案的题目。,二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些？,2.句群层次的设空,前制性设空,后制性设空,指根据上下文的内容，经过推理判断可以得到答案的题目,即根据上文有关内容即可确定答案的题目。,指那些需要根据下文内容才能选出正确答案的题目/下文某处有提示。,二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些？,前制性设空例：It was an English speech contest.My mother asked me to take part in it.What a terrible idea!It meant I had to _ in front of all the teachers and students of my school!A.write B.speak C.sing D.dance,后制性设空例：1).Nobody _ him in the village.One day he said to them,“I know you dont like me”A.believed B.liked C.hated D.knew 2).Country music comes from _ kinds of music.One is the traditional music of tall mountain people in the eastern United States.The other is traditional cowboy music from the American West.A.many B.all C.two D.three,B,B,C,二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些？,3.语篇性设空 I work as a volunteer for an organization that helps the poor in Haiti.Recently I took my son Barrett there for a week,hoping to 1 him achieved all Id expected.Soon he will celebrate his 18th birthday.He will be a man.(最后一句话)1.A.comfort B.pleaseC.attract D.educate,D,指那些需要联系全文的情境、内容才能确定正确答案的设空。,1.Mr Black is a doctor,he works in the _.,hospital,night,no/little,pass,but,Challenge Yourself,2.A nurse not only works in the day,but also works during the_.3.He is rather busy,so he has _time to have lunch at home.4.We have an English test this term,its very easy,most students can _this test.5.The whole class went to the zoo yesterday,they were very tired _happy.,Skill 1：context（上下文、语境）,In New York,on a Friday night,a young artist stood at the gate of a train station.He was playing his _16_.His music was so great that many people put money into his hat.The next day,the young artist came to the same place,and played the violin as usual.,16.A.piano B.guitar C.violin D.sax,【2009 连云港】,violin,violin,Skill 1：context（上下文、语境）,Once a king was walking around a pool with his ministers（大臣）.Suddenly,he came up with an idea.He asked,“How many baskets of 41 are there in the pool?”.as big as the pool,there is one basket of water,41.A.fish B.flowers C.water D.apples,【2009 黔东南】,basket of water,water,baskets of,When we talked,I discovered（发现）some differences in school life between the US and China.For example,each class lasts fifty minutes in the US.It is a little _44_ than that in China.We usually have forty-five minutes in each class.,44.A.shorter B.longer C.earlier D.later,【2009 重庆】,fifty,Skill 2：logic（逻辑推理）,forty-five,Skill 2：logic（逻辑推理）,My mother often asked me，“What is the most important part of the body?”I thought sound was very important to us as humans，so I said“My 17，Mommy”She said，“NoMany people are deaf（聋的）,17.A.ears B.eyes C.body D.head,【2009 苏州】,sound,deaf,When two people are in a conversation,the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time,in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 48 what he or she is speaking,48.A.for B.of C.with D.to,【2009 兰州】,pay attention,to,Skill 3：regular collocation（固定搭配）,Skill 3：regular collocation（固定搭配）,In the morning,the king went to visit the pond.To his surprise,the pond was only filled with water!What happened?Yes!Everyone had the same idea 48 that man.,48.A.with B.to C.as D.of,【2009 泰安】,the same,as,Skill 4：grammar analysis（语法分析）,As a reporter,I think I will meet lots of people and I should be friendly to them.I think Ill also make many good 25 and live with them,because I dont like living alone.,25.A.friend B.friends C.friends D.friends,【2009 泸州】,many,s,Skill 5：background knowledge（背景知识）,All over the world people swim for fun.Swimming is enjoyed by people of 32 ages,from the very young to the very old.There are many places for people to swim in swimming pools.,32.A.all B.none C.some D.both,【2009 东营】,1、context（上下文、语境）,3、regular collocation（固定搭配）,2、logic（逻辑）,Skills of Cloze Tests(完形填空的解题技巧),4、grammar analysis（语法分析）,5、background knowledge（背景知识）,Step 1：Read-through（跳过空格、通读全文、掌握大意）,Step 2：Easy first,hard later（瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破）,B,A,C,B,Today,I am very happy to have a meeting with you.At the meeting we will talk about the _31_we have these days.We all know the problems of _32_ and the objects falling from windows are getting worse.We have _33_ lots of letters about such problems.So_34_ is time for possible ways to work out these problems.,problems,letters,Some dog-owners dont_35_ their dogs well enough,and they let their dogs make mess on the roads and in gardens.This makes the environment _36_.I would like to tell the dog-owners _37_ their behavior is too bad,and at the same time they are_38_ people feel unhappy.We should keep the environment _39_.,D,B,D,A,A,It is reported that some people_40_ rubbish out of the windows.It is dangerous because falling objects _41_hurt others.It is against the law.We should put up a notice to teach people not to do so.If it is found,we will record the_42_ and address of those people who throw objects.Then,a warning will be given and_43_ will be punished by law.,C,A,D,C,A safe and comfortable living environment is important to us._44_ we try our best to care for our community,it will be a good place to_45_ in.Thank you for your coming.,A,B,Step 2：Easy first,hard later（瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破）,Step 3:Re-read and check（复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案）,Steps of Cloze Tests(完形填空的解题步骤),1、跳过空格，通读全文，掌握大意,3、复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案,2、瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破,Homework:【2009北京】,【2009北京】,总结：完形填空的解题思路,总则：在把握整体的基础上对 句子内部的情况进行分析,跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意,再读全文，反复检查,结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案,瞻前顾后，先易后难，个个击破,Step 1：Read-though（跳过空格、通读全文、掌握大意）,Step 2：Easy first,hard later（瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破）,Step 3:Re-read and check（复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案）,【2009宁波】,Tips to Close Test:,1注重首、尾句。2克服畏难、急躁情绪,耐心通读全文。3切勿看到一个空格就急着选出一个答 案，必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。4动笔时先易后难,注意从文中同样结构或 类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。5如果选项从语法角度无法确定，则必须从 语篇(前提示、后暗示)意义上加以鉴别。,Close tests are interesting and challenging,though difficult.,Bye!,