八年级英语宾语从句.ppt

,宾语从句,学习目标,1.宾语从句的定义和用法。2.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句3.由从属连词 whether,if 引导的宾语从句4.由连接代词 who,whom,whose,which，what 和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句，也可理解为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。,自主学习,1.学生先阅读学英语报上的第二版“宾语从句考点归纳”，并完成后面的有关练习。2.学生完成后，教师展示正确结果。,合作探究,学生通过阅读和练习，初步了解宾语从句的用法。并小组讨论有关用法。,点拨升华-宾语从句专题,一、宾语从句的概念：当宾语可以用一个单词或短语表达时，我们就直接把该单词或短语置于动词后面作宾语，宾语一般由名词、动名词、代词或动词不定式来充当。如：I have a book.My father bought it.I like reading the book.I want to remember it.但是，如果要表达“我知道你已经写完作业了”，就无法用一个单词来表达“你写完作业了”，是一个完整的句子，只能用句子表达，即：I know(that)you have finished your homework.这种放在动词后面作宾语的句子，就叫作宾语从句。,1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句2.由从属连词 whether,if 引导的宾语从句3.由连接代词 who,whom,whose,which，what 和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句，也可理解为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。,二、引导词,（1）由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,that 在句中没有词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，只是使读者清楚后面的句子是前面动词的宾语，在口语当中往往省略。一般情况下，当陈述句做宾语时用that引导。eg.1.I hear(that)he will be back in an hour.（一小时后他会回来）2.He said(that)he missed us very much.（他非常想念我们）3.I hope(that)they will have a good time.(他们将会玩得开心）,（2）由从属连词whether,if 引导的宾语从句,whether/if 本身作“是否”讲，如果我们要表达一个不确定的概念，就要用whether/if来引导一个从句。一般情况下，如果宾语是一般疑问句，就要换成由从属连词if或whether引导的宾语从句。whether和if常常可以互换，但是，当从句后面有or not的话，就只能使用whether构成“whetheror not”的结构。注：whether/if 后面的句子要用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。,eg.1.他问我们周日是否去钓鱼。He asks whether/if we will go fishing on Sunday.在这句话中，“周日我们去钓鱼吗”是一个一般疑问句的含义，所以转换成宾语从句时用whether/if引导。2.Tom不知道李明明天会不会来。Tom doesnt know whether/if Li Ming will come tomorrow.在这句话中，“李明明天来吗”是一般疑问句的含义，所以转换成宾语从句时用whether/if引导。,注意一下情况只用whether，不用if。,1.whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用。如：Let me know whether you can come or not.Let me know if you can come or not.2.当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用whether引导。如：Whether it is true or not,I cant tell.If it is true or not,I cant tell.,3.whether可以引导带to的不定式。如：I dont know whether to accept or refuse.I dont know if to accept or refuse.4.whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后，作介词的宾语。如：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.I worry about if I hurt her feelings.,当堂训练1,1.Did Peter come here yesterday?Li Lei wants to know.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday.2.Is Lingling a student?I dont know.I dont know _.3.我不知道明天是否会下雨。I dont know _.4.李明问我周日是否去北京。Li Ming asks _.5.老师问我们是否写完了作业。Teacher asks _.,whether/if came,whether/if Lingling is a student,whether/if it will rain tomorrow,whether/if I will go to Beijing on Sunday,whether/if we have finished our homework,（3）由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。,如果遇到什么时间、什么地点、什么方式、什么原因之类的问句时，我们就要使用相应的疑问词来连接从句。也就是说，当宾语是特殊疑问句时，就要用相应的疑问词来引导。在疑问词引导的从句中，一定要用陈述语序。eg.1.I didnt hear what he wanted me to do.2.He asked who could answer the question.3.Tom asked us when we would start the party.4.Can you tell me where he is?5.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?注意这些例句中的陈述语序。,把一个特殊疑问句放在宾语从句中，我们要做好两步：1.移。就是把特殊疑问句中的特殊疑问词移到句子中来；2.变。就是把特殊疑问词后面的一般疑问句变为陈述句语序。e.g.How can I get to the station?I dont know.首先，我们把主句找出来，即：I dont know.那么接下来是我不知道什么呢？后面就需要一个宾语从句，而后面的句子是以特殊疑问词How来引导，所以，第一步疑问词移下来变为：I dont know how第二步看剩下的部分：can I get to the station?是一个一般疑问句，要改成陈述句，即把主语放到前面：I can get to the station.加到前面的句子上。那么这句话就变成了：I dont know how I can get to the station.,当堂训练2,1.Where is Tony from?I dont know._2.How old is Lingling?Miss Li wants to know._3.When will my father come back?I cant tell you._4.Where is the bus stop?The foreigner asks._5.Which is the right answer?Can you tell me?_6.Where does Tony come from?I can guess._,I dont know,Miss Li wants to know,I cant tell you,The foreigner asks,Can you tell me,where,Tony is from.,how old,Lingling is.,when,my father will come back.,where,the bus stop is.,which,is the right answer.,I can guess,where,Tony comes from.,三、宾语从句中的时态,1.当主句是现在时或将来时的时候，宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时态。eg.We know(that)Mrs.Chen teaches English.I dont know whether he has finished his homework.2主句是过去时，宾语从句一般只能用过去的某种时态 eg.I said I was reading a book at that moment.He wasnt sure whether Sally would come or not.3.当从句叙述的是客观事实或一般真理时，宾语从句仍然用现在时态。eg.He told the boy that the earth goes around the sun.,1.You are growing so fast.Can you tell me _?A.how fast are you B.how fast you are C.how tall are you D.how tall you are2.I dont know _ she comes or not.A.if B.whether C.where D.how3.Can you tell me how _ Radio Beijing?A.get to B.to get C.I can get to D.can I get to4.David doesnt know _ for Guangzhou,because the boss hasnt dicided who to go.A.when he will leave B.when will he leave C.if he leaves D.if he will leave5.You can use MSN to talk with Vivien on the Internet.-I know.But can you tell me _.A.when I can use it B.what I can use itC.why can I use it D.how can I use it6.Tom asked Mike _.A.where did he live B.where he lived C.where does he live,D,B,C,D,A,B,当堂训练3,7.She said,“I can mend it.”She said _ _ _ mend it.8.我不知道他是否病了。I dont know _ _ _ _.9.我问他这是什么。I asked him _ _ _.10.你能告诉我你来自哪里吗？Can you tell me _ _ _ _.11.我不知道谁要来。I dont know _ _ _.12.你知道萨莉到了没有？Do you know _ Sally _ _?13.Where did you buy your computer?Do you remember?Do you remember _ you _ your computer?14.She asks,Why did they do it?”She wants to know _ _ _it.15.Does Mr Green like living in China?Could you tell me?Could you tell me _ Mr Green _ living in China.,that she could,whether/if he is ill,what this was,where you are from,who will come,whether/if has arrived,where bought,why they did,whether/if likes,宾语从句巧记歌,学习宾从三注意：时态语序连接词。时态主从要呼应，运用当中应切记；主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意；主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去；语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句；that连接陈述句，省与不省没关系；从句若表是否时，if,whether均可以；特殊问句作宾语，仍用原来疑问词；三个问题须牢记。切莫丢东忘了西。,确定从句的时态(根据主句时态),主句时态,从 句 时 态,连 接 词 前,连 接 词 后,一般现在时,时态保持不变,一般过去时,一般现在时,一般过去时,一般过去时,过去完成时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,课堂小结：课后作业：,Thank you See you,