《国际贸易实务》课件.ppt

Ch10 terms of commodity,name quality quantity packing,emphasis,Methods of quality,difficulty,More or less clause,Quantity clause,Shipping packing and neutral packing,10.1 Name of commodity,(1)HS(2)How to name goods function Material ingredient Outward appearance and model craft,10.2 quality of commodity,meaningtypes of quality flexible clause of quality,1.meaning,Inner quality：function,component,structure,Outer shape：size,color,shape,cloth,sample,soybean,medicine,standard,specification,tea,cosmetics,Electrical appliance,specialty,grade,illustration,brand,origin,2.types of quality,Actual object,Buy after seeing,Sales by sample,Sellers sample,Buyers sample,Counter sample,illustration by words,Sale by specification and grade,Sale by description&illustration,Sale by trade mark,Sale by name of origin,(1)sale by Sample,Buyers Sample,Counter/return Sample,Sample for Reference,Duplicate/keep Sample,Sealed Sample,sellers Sample,Sample no.612 cloth doll样品号612 布娃娃,Original sample,China sesame seed moisture（max）8%admixture（max）2%oil content(min)52%,(2)Sale by specification,china green tea special Grade Grade AA fresh hen eggs,shell light brown and clean,even in size Grade AA 6065 gm.per eggGrade A 5560 gm.per egg Grade B 5055 gm.per egg,(3)Sale by grade,Large,medium,smallGrade A,Grade B,Grade CGrade 1,Grade 2,Grade 3Chinese raw silk is consists of 12 grade-6A,5A,4A,3A,2A,A,B,C,D,E,F,G,Tetracycline HCL tablets(sugar coated)250 mg B.P.1973盐酸四环素糖衣片250毫克 按1973年版英国药典,(4)Sale by standard,FAQ、GMQ、ISO9000（ISO14000）F.A.Q.Moisture(max.)13%Admixture(max.)5%Oil content(min)44%,(4)Sale by standard,(5)Sale by description&illustration,(6)Sale by trade mark,industrial products MAXAM dental cream,MachinesInstrumentsequipment,(7)Sale by name of origin,Si chuan Preserved Vegetable Chinese northeast Soybean,3.flexible clause of quality,Cotton Grey Shirting Width 41/42Live yellow eel 75g and up per piece Gray duck down 18%,allowing 1%more or less,quality to be considered and being about equal to the sample(2)quality tolerance(3)flexible range,China sesame seed Moisture（max）8%,Admixture（max）2%,Oil Content(min)52%.Should the oil content of the goods actually shipped be 1%higher or lower,the price will be accordingly increased or decreased by 1%,and any fraction will be proportionally calculated.,Adjustment of price,10.3 Quantity of Commodity,unit of measurement systems of measures and weight calculation of weight(convention)more or less clause,unit of measurement,1 Metric Ton=1000 kilograms1 Short Ton=907 kilograms1 Long ton=1010 kilograms,1 Gross=12 Dozens=144 Pieces,2.systems of measures and weight,The British SystemThe U.S.SystemThe Metric SystemSI(The International System of Units),(1)GROSS WEIGHT(2)NET WEIGHT(3)NET NET WEIHT(4)CONDITIONED WEIGHT(5)THEORETICAL WEIGHT(6)LEGAL WEIGHT,3.calculation of weight,（1）GROSS WEIGHT-over-all weight of the commodity itself+the tare（2）NET WEIGHT-gross weight tareGross for netFour ways to calculate tare:actual/real tare average tare customary tare computed tare,3.calculation of weight,(3)NET NET WEIHT=NET WEIGHT WEIGHT OF SALES PACKAGE（4）CONDITIONED WEIGHT:raw silk,wool=net weight（1+standard moisture rate）/（1+actual moisture rate）(5)THEORETICAL WEIGHT:commodities that have regular specifications and regular size,such as galvanized iron and steel plate(6)LEGAL WEIGHT:specific duty,4.(convention),The sellerOver-deliver,The buyer Reject all that over-delivered orReject some of them(compute with contract price),The sellerreplenish,cant bring about unconvenient or irreasonableexpenditure,Within time of delivery,The sellerUnder-deliver,conditions,Buyer stil l have right toclaim,If you are the seller,which one do you choose?,Which one is better?Over-deliver or Under-deliver?,5.more or less clause,the rate Who has the right to decide?How to price the over-delivered?,(1)Concretely stipulate:“100 metric tons,5%more or less at sellers option”(2)about/approximate/circa-10%?“about 1,000 metric tons”Should better not to use(3)Not mentioned in L/C5%exception：stipulated in L/CUnit of measurement is piece or numbers of package Its limited to the total amount of L/C if there is no more-or-less clause correspondingly in L/C,the rate,(1)Contract price(2)Market price of exporter on the date of shipment(3)Market price of importer on the date of arrival,3.How to price the over-delivered?,-The seller,the buyer and the shipping Co.,2.Who has the right to decide?,e.g.(1)1000M/T,WITH 2%MORE OR LESS(2)About 1000 dozens.(3)The seller has the option to load 5%more or less than the quantity contracted,each difference shall be settled at the contract price.,我国某出口公司向日本出口驴肉一批，合同规定：每箱净重约10.6公斤，共1500箱，合24.9吨。但货抵国外后，经日本海关查验，每箱净重并非10.6公斤而是20公斤，计1500箱，合30吨。海关认为单货不符，进口商以多报少。问这将会出现何种后果。,Case study,我某公司向科威特出口冻羊肉20吨,每吨FOB价400美元,合同规定数量可增减10%.国外按时开来信用证,证中规定金额为8000美元,数量约20吨.结果我方按22吨发货装运,但持单到银行办理仪付时遭拒绝.问原因何在?,Case study,10.4 PACKING,Function of packing types of packing Marking of goods Neutral packing,Shipping packing(outer packing),Protect goods,facilitate transportation/loading/unloading/stowage,reduce freight,prevent pilferage,Sales package(inner packing),Beautify,propagandize,introduce commodity,Beautiful and attractive,Firm and economical,1.Function of packing,Sales package-product code,国别号中国内地690/691/692 书籍国别号代码978杂志国别号代码997 香港489台湾471 美/加00-13法国30-37 德国400-440新加坡888,2.types of packing,Case（箱）Bag（袋）Bale（包）Drum（桶）Bottle（瓶）Can（罐）Carboy（坛）Basket（篓）Jar(甏）Cylinder(钢瓶)Pallet(托盘)Flexible container(集装袋)Container(集装箱),Marking of goods,Shipping mark Indicative markWarning mark,ABC,LONDONNOS.1-100,Standard shipping mark,ABC收货人代号,1234参考号,NEW YORK目的地,1/25件数代号,(1)Shipping Mark,(2)Indicative Mark,Handle with careFragileGlassKeep dryThis side upNo turning overKeep coolKeep in dry placeUse no hooks To be protected from heat/cold,(2)Indicative Mark,(2)Indicative Mark,(3)Warning Mark,Oxidizing materialCompressed gasPoisonHazardous articleCorrosivesExplosivesMaterial radioactives,4.Neutral packing,neutral packing-to break down the customs duties or unreasonable import quota of importing countries and to promote export sales.Make no mention of the country,manufacturer,address,and brand No-brand neutral packingDesignated-brand neutral packing,5.Packing clause,（1）concrete（2）consider the character of goods（3）who will offer shipping mark（4）who will pay the packing fee,In cartons containing 24 tins of 450 eachIn cloth bales each containing 20 pcs.Of 42 yds.,客户要求在所有包装上都不要打上“828”字样。我方要求工厂不要在外包装上打上828”，其他与上次出货一样。结果：货物的内包装上仍有“828”。客户要求去掉“828”，损失5万人民币，推迟交货20天。,CASE STUDY,上海出口公司A与香港公司B成交自行车1000台，由A缮制合同一式两份，其中包装条款规定为“Packed in wooden case”（木箱装）。将此合同寄至B方，然后由 B签回。B签回的合同上于原包装条款后加“C.K.D.”字样，但未引起A公司注意。此后，B公司按合同开证、A公司凭信用证规定制单结汇完毕。,CASE STUDY,货到目的港。B发现系整台自行车箱装，由于自行车整台进口需多交纳20进口税。因此，拒收货物并要求退还货款。卖方此时才意识到C.K.D.是指COMPLETELY KNOCKED DOWN(完全拆散)，只好认赔。评析：1卖方忽略CKD，造成实际装载与合同不符，有不可推卸的责任。2卖方虽然已经结汇，但买方仍有拒收货物的权利。,CASE STUDY,我某公司向法国公司进口一批易燃液体化工原料，货到目的地后发现有少数包装因有缺陷而发生轻微渗漏现象。由于我公司未及时采取补救和防止损失扩大的积极措施，结果货物入库后渗漏日益严重，以致引起自燃火灾。事后我公司向法国公司索取全部损失的赔偿，但遭法公司拒绝。,CASE STUDY,某外商欲购我“菊花”牌手电钻,但要求改用“鲨鱼”牌商标,并在包装上不得注明“中国制造”字样问我是否可以接受?并应注意什么问题?,