高职英语非谓语动词.ppt

,非谓语动词的用法区别,非谓语动词,动名词,分词,现在分词,过去分词,动词不定式,1.谓语动词：,概述：,2.非谓语动词：,在句子中担任谓语的动词,是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分,一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。例如:,非谓语动词使用条件：,She got off the bus,leaving her handbag on her seat.（没有连词）She got off the bus,but left her handbag on her seat.（有连词）,非谓语动词的用法区别,动词不定式与动名词动词不定式与分词动名词与现在分词现在分词与过去分词其它情况,一、动词不定式与动名词,从结构上看，两者不同之处有：动名词前可用介词，它还可以被名词所有格（或代词）修饰；不定式前通常不用介词，更不能被名词所有格（或代词）修饰。在实际应用中，下列各点值得注意：,1、作主语或表语时,一般说来，在表示比较抽象的一般行为时多用动名词；在表示具体的动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式。,Smoking is not allowed here.(表习惯、爱好、或抽象的动作、经常做的事情。)To smoke so much is not good for you.(表具体的、一次性动作、要做的事情。)Their job is building houses.(抽象、经常的动作)Their work is to build another bridge across the river.(具体、将要做的动作),2、作宾语时,1)动名词可作动词和介词的宾语2)动词不定式一般作动词的宾语，疑问词to do 可作介词的宾语。,They preferred walking to school to cycling.They preferred to stay at home rather than go out in such hot weather.Our English teacher often gives us some advice on how to learn English.,1、作动词宾语时，两种结构在意义上有时差别不大，这样的动词有：like,hate,prefer,begin,start,continue,intend,attempt,propose,deserve,need,cant bear,等。,Do you like playing(to play)chess?When did you begin learning(to learn)English?Your suit needs ironing(to be ironed).,动词不定式与动名词,注意,在like,hate,prefer 等动词之后，如果表示一般性、习惯性的动作，多用动名词作宾语；如指特定的或某次行动，则用不定式更多一些。,I like reading books of this kind,but I dont like to read that book.She prefer walking to cycling.I prefer to stay at home today.,2、作动词宾语时，两种结构在意义上有时差别很大，这样的动词有：remember,forget,regret,stop,mean,try,等。remember/forget/regret+v-ing 表已经发生的动作，remember/forget/regret+to+v-原形 表动作还没有发生。mean doing 意思是；意味着mean to do 意欲，打算要做stop to do 停下来去干另一件事请stop doing 停止正在做的动作try doing 试着做、尝试做try to do sth.试图做、努力做,动词不定式与动名词,regret doing sth.对做过的事表示遗憾、后悔regret to do sth.对要做某事表示遗憾,3、在动词want,require,need,等后动词不定式（短语）作宾语时，用人作主语；动名词作宾语时（=to be done)，用物作主语。,Someone needs to see you,sir.The wall needs repairing(=to be repaired).I want to go to the barbers because my hair wants cutting(=to be cut).,动词不定式与动名词,4、动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的用途，常常放在所修饰名词之前；而动词不定式作定语表未发生的动作，常常放在所修饰名词之后。,We have various kinds of clothes for you to choose from.His attempt to solve the difficult problem failed again.These passages may be used as listening materials.Mr Wang suffers from insomnia,he has to take a sleeping tablets before going to bed.,动词不定式与动名词,二、动词不定式与分词,一般说来，动词不定式表主动、将来；现在分词表主动、进行；过去分词表被动、完成。,三、动名词与现在分词,动名词与现在分词同形（v-ing），但是，两者有各自的语法名称和作用：1）当v-ing形式在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语时，被称为动名词。2）当v-ing形式在句中作状语、宾语补足语、表语、定语时，被称为现在分词。,可见，二者都可以作表语和定语。,（一）作表语时的区别,1、现在分词作表语表示主语的特征或属性；2、动名词作表语表示主语的内容、功能等。,The news is exciting.(现在分词表特征）2.Her work is nursing children.（动名词表内容）3.Her favorite job is teaching English.（动名词表内容）4.The story sounds interesting.(现在分词表特征）,动名词与现在分词,（二）作定语时的区别,1、动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的作用、用途等，常常放在所修饰名词之前；2、现在分词作定语表示它所修饰的名词的动作，被修饰名词与现在分词在逻辑上是主谓关系，说明所修饰的词、所代表的人或物所做的动作或特征；单个分词作定语，位于所修饰的名词之前，分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词之后。,1.flying fish=fish which can fly 飞鱼（现在分词）2.flying suit=suit for flying 飞行衣（动名词）,动名词与现在分词,四、现在分词与过去分词,两者之间的区别主要体现在时态和语态上：（1）在时态上：现在分词表示正在进行，而过去分词表示已经完成。（2）在语态上：现在分词表示主动；而过去分词表示被动。总之，现在分词表主动、进行；过去分词表被动、完成。在句法功能上它们都可以作定语、表语、状语和宾补，它们的具体区别如下：,The meeting held last week is very important.Tell the children playing there not to make so much noise.They lived in a room facing(=that faced)the south.I hate to see letters written in pencil.,1、现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作，或表示经常性的动作,或现在(或当时)的状态；2、过去分词作定语时，过去分词所表示的动作可以在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，也可以是没有一定的时间性。,1、作定语时,现在分词与过去分词,2、作表语时,现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征或属性；过去分词多表示主语所处的状态。现在分词表示“令人的”，过去分词表示“感到”.常见的分词有：amazed/amazing,excited/exciting,bored/boring,annoyed/annoying,interested/interesting,pleased/pleasing,tired/tiring,surprised/surprising,worried/worrying,satisfied/satisfying,amused/amusing 例：,The news was exciting.He appeared satisfied with my answer.,现在分词与过去分词,3、作宾语补足语时,现在分词与句子的宾语是主动关系，它所表示的动作往往正在进行；过去分词与句子的宾语是被动关系，它所表示的动作往往已经完成。,I found them painting the windows.（现在分词表主动、进行）I found the windows painted.（过去分词表被动、完成）,现在分词与过去分词,其它注意事项,不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。,She could do nothing but cry,What do you like to do besides swim?,I have no choice but to go,作定语,不定式作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。不定式常和它所修饰的词有动宾关系。如：,Ihavealotofworktodo.Herearesomebooksforyoutoread.Shewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.,(1)作主语,不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。,To see is to believe,Not to get there in time is your fault.,注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。,句型1：It+谓语+to do,It takes us an hour _ get there by bus.,句型2：Its+n.+to do,Its our duty _ help the poor.,It is a great enjoyment _ spend our holiday in the mountains,不定式其他用法,这个句型还要注意对称原则,句型3：It is adj.for/of sb.to do sth.,It is+adj+for sb to do sthIt is+adj+of sb to do sth,（是形容人的品质的）,（是形容事物的性质的）,It is easy for me to finish this work before ten.It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party.,It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.,You are very kind to give me some help.,you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.,注意：1.如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就应有必要的介词。如：,He is looking for a room to live in,Please give me a knife to cut with,2.不定式作状语,表目的 不定式作目的状语时，其动作发生在谓语动词之后，一般放在句子后部。但如要表示强调，也可以位于句首，前面可加in order,其否定必须用in order not+不定式，或so as not 不定式。in order to 引出的不定式可置于句首或句中，so as not不定式不能放在句首，只能放在句中。He stopped to have a rest.他停下来休息。（目的）To search for gold,many people went to California.为了寻找金子，许多人去了加利福尼亚。（目的）He is so careless as to forget his pen.她太粗心了，以至于把钢笔忘了带。,If time permit,lets finish the following exercises.,Exercises,exercises,Girls,dont forget _ the windows before you leave the classroom.A.closing B.closed C.to closing D.to close2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock.A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest3.Remember _ the lights when you leave the office.A.to turn off B.turning off C.turn off D.to turning off,1.The man insisted_ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.A.find B.to find C.on finding D.in finding2.Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._ the answers ready will be of great help.A.To have had B.Having had C.Have D.Having3.I really cant understand _ her like that.A.you treat B.you to treat C.why treat D.you treating4.He got well-prepared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity.A.to lose B.losing C.to be lost D.being lost,选出下面习题正确答案,1-Im hungry,and I want to eat the cake.-What!it is not good_ A.for eating B.to be eaten C.to eat D.at eating 2 Its important_ and helpful.A.to kind B.be kind C.kind D.to be kind3.It took Alice and me an hour _out the problem.A.to work B.working C.work D.for working.4.I found it very important _ English well.A.learning B.learn C.to learn D.learned 5.Its very nice _you to _me about it.A.for;tell B.of;say C.to;speak D.of;tell,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确。1.Let me _(help)you _(water)the flowers.2.Little Sandy would love _(take)to the cinema this evening.3.Though he often made his deskmate _(cry),today he was made _(cry)by his deskmate.4.I saw him _ into the small store.A.wentB.goingC.to goD.has gone5.Tell the boy _ out of the window.not to look B.to not lookC.dont lookD.not look,help,(to)water,to take,cry,to cry,summary,记住：一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。要使用非谓语动词。一般来说，动词不定式表主动、将来；现在分词表主动、进行；过去分词表被动、完成；动名词:既有动词的特性，又起名词的作用。,Lets review the details by doing exercises in Exercise Book.具体的细节在完成练习册下册时复习巩固。,其它词组欣赏 to be brief 简而言之、to be frank with you老实对你说、to put it straight直截了当、to bring the story short长话短说、to return to my subject言归正传、to change the subject换一个话题、to use his own words用自己的话说、to make matter worse更糟的是、to be exact 精确的说、to give him his due公正地说、to be plain 老实说、strange to say奇怪地说、to say nothing of姑且不讲、to conclude总之、to crown all更好（坏）的是、to be honest直率地说、to start/begin with首先、to do him justice说句公道话、to sum up总之，总而言之等。上面这些短语大都位于句首，偶尔位于句中或句尾，需要用逗号和其他成分隔开。,但表示“更不用说”的几个短语一般要放在句尾，如 to say nothing of,not to say,not to mention,not to speak of,let alone,much less,much more 等,Homework:finish the exercises in your Exercise Book.,