高三英语专项复习之虚拟语气重点知识讲解.ppt

高三英语专项复习之 虚拟语气语法,The definition of the Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气的定义,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式(verb structure),用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实(fact)，而只是一种假设(hypotheses)愿望(wishes)、建议(suggestion)或怀疑(doubt)等等。,虚拟语气的知识点,1.虚拟语气在条件句中 1)“表示不太可能出现的情况”,条件从句一般用过去时,主句用would do,should do 或 might/could do.2)表示“本可能发生却未发生的事情”,条件从句用过去完成时,主句用would have done,should have done,might/could have done.,e.g.1.The old men would find it difficult to get a job if they left the farm.2.I should be surprised if it was less than five pounds.3.If I frightened those birds,they might fly off and I would never see them again.4.If I were you,I would accept the offer.5.If I were asked to define my mood,Id say“bored”.6.If he had taken his doctors advice,he might not have died so soon.7.If he had realized that,he would have run away while there was still time.8.If she had not married,she could have become special in the filed.,虚拟语气的知识点,2.虚拟语气在条件句也可用来表示“将来不太可能出现的情况”,条件从句用 should do,were to do或一般过去时,主句用 would do,should do,could/might do.,e.g.1.If it should rain tomorrow,the sports meet would have to be put off.2.I could see the surface of the moon with my own eyes if I were to go to the moon some day.3.What would you do if he failed to come tomorrow?注意:含有 should 的条件句,主句可以用一般现在时或一般将来时.e.g.1.If there should be another flood,what shall we do?2.Ask her to leave a message if she should come.,虚拟语气在条件句中的用法总结,虚拟语气的知识点,3.在正式英语文体中,if 从句中的第一个动词如果是should,were 或 had,可将此动词置于句首,替代 if e.g.1.Were it all true,it would still not excuse their actions.2.Had the captain been more careful,his ship would not have sunk.3.Should any visitors come,I would say you are not here.,虚拟语气的知识点,4.虚拟语气用于I wish的宾语从句中:表示现在时间,动词用一般过去时和过去进行时(be动词用were/was)。表示过去时间,动词用过去完成时和过去完成进行时。表示将来时间,动词用 would/could 等+动词原形。,e.g.1.I wish I knew how to operate this computer.2.I wish he werent so lazy.3.I do wish everything would be as quiet as before.4.I wish we hadnt been working overtime yesterday.注意:这里I wish 所表达的意思与 if only差不多。以上的句子都可以用if only 来代替 I wish e.g.5.If only I knew how to operate this computer.6.If only we hadnt been working overtime yesterday.,虚拟语气的知识点,5.在 as if/though 的状语从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反用过去式(did/were)；与过去事实相反用过去完成式(had done)；与将来事实相反用 would/might/could+do e.g.1.The teacher treats the pupil as if he were her own child.2.I felt as though we had known each other for years.3.It looks as if it might rain.,虚拟语气的知识点,6.在 would(had)rather(宁愿)的宾语从句中，也常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反用过去时(did/were)；与过去事实相反用过去完成时(had done)；与将来事实相反用过去式(did/were)e.g.1.I would rather you paid me now.2.I would rather you had gone,too.3.Dont come.I would rather you came tomorrow.,虚拟语气在wish,would rather,as if/though从句中的用法总结,虚拟语气的知识点,7.表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词demand,require,suggest,insist,advise,order 等后接宾语从句时,从句谓语动词一般用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形(do/be done),should 也可以省略 e.g.1.He insisted that John(should)do the job.2.We suggest that the meeting(should)not be postponed.3.The union demanded that the wages(should)be raised by 20%.,ask(要求),advise(建议),command(命令),decide(决定),demand(要求),insist(坚持),move(提议),order(命令),propose(提出),require(要求),request(请求),suggest(建议),urge(主张)如果这些动词不是表示“要求、建议、命令”等意思时,这时宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。e.g.1.He insisted that I was wrong.(这儿 insist 意思是“坚持认为”）2.The expression on her face suggests that she knows the secret.(这儿 suggest 意思是“表明”）,常见的要含有上述相关意义的词,注意：如suggest,insist用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。1.The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.2.He insisted that she was seriously ill and that be send to hospitals at once.3.He suggested that we have a meeting at once.4.His pale face suggested that he was ill.,虚拟语气的知识点,8.在“It is adj.或动词的-ed形式+that.”的主语从句中，谓语动词用：should+原形 e.g.一、表示建议或命令1.It is important that we(should)work out a study plan.二、表示惊讶1.It is strange that he should have failed to see his own shortcomings.2.It is a pity shame that I should be at school instead of lying here in hospital.,常见的要接含有虚拟语气主语从句的词,adj.：important,necessary,urgent,essential,vital,natural,strange,proper 等动词的-ed 形式：arranged,suggested,ordered,required,desired,demanded,proposed 等1.It is necessary that the program(should)be loaded into the computer.有必要把程序输入电脑。2.It is strange that he should have learned so much in such a short time.很奇怪他竟然在如此短的时间内学了那么多的东西。,虚拟语气的知识点,9.if only 和 supposing,也可以引导虚拟从句，即表示与现在事实相反用过去时(did/were)；与过去事实相反用过去完成时(had done)；与将来事实相反用过去式(did/were)e.g.1.If only I had more time,I could go there to help them.2.Supposing it were fine tomorrow,would you go climbing the mountain with us?,虚拟语气的知识点,10.If it were not（同现在事实相反）/had not been for（同过去事实相反）也是常见的虚拟句型,意思是“要不是”e.g.1.If it had not been for your help,we would not have achieved so much in our work.2.If it were not for the wise decision,we could not be living a happy life.,虚拟语气的知识点,11.Its(about/high)time+从句，表示“该做而未做的事”,是一种婉转的建议,从句中的动词用过去时(did/were)或(should+do)。注：should 不能省。e.g.1.It is high time we began to work.2.Its about time the boy learned to behave himself.3.Weve enjoyed the evening,but its time we should go home.,虚拟语气还需要的知识点,一、错综时间条件句当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要依据它所表示的时间来调整。e.g.If you had taken the medicine yesterday,you might be well now.(条件句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)如果你昨天吃了药,你的病今天也许就好了。,虚拟语气的注意事项,二、含蓄条件句 有些句子虽不含条件句，但意思和含条件句的句子差不多，这种句子叫含蓄条件句，这种句子中也用虚拟语气。含蓄条件句的“暗含”之意一般用以下三种方法来表达：,1.条件暗含在短语中。e.g.1)Without air,there would be no living things.2)But for your help,I couldnt have made so much progress.This same thing,in that case,would result in disaster.2.条件暗含在上下文中。e.g.1)You might stay here forever.（可能暗含if you wanted to）2)They would have succeeded.（可能暗含if they had kept trying）3.在不少情况下，虚拟式已经成为习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。e.g.1)I wouldnt have dreamed of it.,虚拟语气的注意事项,三、虚拟语气在简单句中的应用1)表示说话人谦虚，客气，使语气委婉1.It would be better for you not to stay up late.2.Would you be kind enough to open the door?2)用于一些习惯表达法中1.Would you like a cup of tea?2.May you be happy!May you succeed!,