非谓语动词二轮总复习.ppt

高考英语二轮复习非谓语动词,Part I 回归基础,、非谓语动词的种类：,不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）、现在分词（doing）、过去分词（V-ed）,、非谓语动词的功能：,1.不定式相当于名词、形容词或副词的功能。,2.动名词相当于名词或形容词的功能。3.现在分词相当于形容词或副词的功能。4.过去分词相当于形容词或副词的功能。,、非谓语动词在句中所作的成分,1.Can I smoke here?Sorry.We dont allow _ here.A.people smoking B.people smoke C.to smoke D.smoking2.(2007 辽宁卷)You cant imagine what difficulty we had _home in the snowstorm.A.walked B.walk C.to walk D.walking,常用能接动名词的动词：admit,appreciate,avoid,advise,cant help,celebrate,consider,complete,delay,deny,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,feel like,finish,forgive,imagine,keep,mention,mind,miss,pardon,permit,practice,prevent,resist,risk,stop,suggest,understand,allow等。,（二）考查动词不定式、动名词作宾语的用法。,口诀：承认练习不禁考，否认推迟盼喜报 抗议逃跑避冒险，想要成功戒借口 建议感谢Miss熊 又谢又恨靠幻想 注：禁止外传，否则不原谅承认(admit),练习（practice），禁不住（cant help/stand），考（consider），否认（deny），推迟（delay），盼（look forward to）喜（enjoy)报（include）,抗议（resist）逃跑(escape)避免（avoid）冒险(risk)，想要（feel like)，成功（succeed)介意（戒mind）借口（excuse），建议（suggest）感谢（appreciate）miss，熊（bear），恨（hate）.心想，imagine/fancy）禁止（forbid）原谅（forgive）,2.考查动名词作短语动词和介词宾语的固定搭配。,(2008江苏卷)They are quiet,arent they?Yes.They are accustomed _ at meals.A.to talk B.to not talkC.to talking D.to not talking2.(2006重庆卷)Isnt it time you got down to _ the papers.A.mark B.be marked C.being marked D.marking3.(2006江西/改错)Im looking forward to hear from you soon.,1.常见的短语动词有：put off,give up,cant help,cant stand,feel like,insist on,think of,dream of,be fond of,prevent(from),keepfrom,stop(from),protectfrom,set about,be engaged in,spend(in),succeed in 等。2.下列短语中的to 为介词，后面只能接动名词或名词：look forward to,be familiar to,oweto,put ones mind to,turn to,get down to,attributeto(归因于）,live up to,in relation to,admit to,be devoted to,owing to,thanks to,object to,be accustomed to等。,hearing,3.考查不定式作某些及物动词宾语的固定搭配。,I dont want _like Im speaking ill of anybody,but the manager s plan is unfair.A.to sound B.to be sounded C.sounding D.to have sounded2.I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office.She just refuses _ talking while she works.A.working;stopping B.to work;stopping C.working;to stop D.to work;to stop,常见的能接不定式作宾语的及物动词有：afford,agree,ask,arrange,attempt,beg,begin,choose,claim,determine,decide，dare,desire,demand,expect,fail,forget,hate,hope,manage,intend,learn,help，like,long,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,prepare,seek,pretend,promise,refuse,remember,seem,tend,threaten,volunteer,want,wish等。,4.考查某些动名词和不定式作宾语意义的差别。,1.Robert is indeed a wise man.Oh,yes.How often I have regretted _ his advice!A.to take B.taking C.not to take D.not taking2.If you think that treating a woman well means always _ her permission for things,think again.A.gets B.got C.to get D.getting,接不定式或动名词意义有差别的动词：1.forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做);forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做)2.remember to do sth.记着去做某事(未做);remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做)3.stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事;stop doing sth.停止做正在做的某事4.regret to do sth.对尚未做的或正在做的事情表示遗憾;regret doing sth.对已做的事情表示后悔5.try to do sth努力去做某事;try doing sth.做某事试一试6.mean to do sth.打算、意欲做某事;mean doing sth.意味着做某事,1.If theres a lot of work _,I am happy to just keep on until it is finished.A.to do B.to be doing C.done D.doing 2.The last one _ pays the meal.Agreed!A.arrived B.arrives C.to arrive D.arriving,（三）考查不定式,现在分词,过去分词作定语的用法。,不定式作定语,不定式与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般式表示将来，进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生，完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生。当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式一般用被动语态，但to blame的主动形式表示被动意义。,1.There are hundreds of visitor _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings.A.waited B.to wait C.waiting D.wait2.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _Chinese in the school,most _were from Germany.A.study;of whom B.study;of them C.studying;of them D.studying;of whom,现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。被修饰的名词就是该现在分词的逻辑主语，逻辑主语是现在分词表示的动作的执行者。单个现在分词作定语前置，现在分词短语作定语后置。,（三）考查不定式,现在分词,过去分词作定语的用法。,过去分词作定语，表示完成或被动的动作,与被修饰名词为被动关系。被修饰名词是动词的宾语。过去分词做定语相当于一个含被动语态的定语从句。单个词放在所修饰词前，短语放在所修饰词后。,1.Throughout history,the language _ by a powerful group spreads across a civilization A.speaking B.spoken C.to speak D.to be spoken2.It is one of the funniest things _ on the Internet so far this year.A.finding B.being found C.to find D.found3.The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time.A.to be completed B.having been completed C.completed D.being completed,（三）考查不定式,现在分词,过去分词作定语的用法。,（四）考查不定式,现在分词,过去分词作宾补的用法。,1.Excuse me sir,where is Room 301?Just a minute.Ill have Bob _you to your room.A.show B.shows C.to show D.showing2.Due to the heavy rain and flooding,ten million people have been forced _their homes.A.leaving B.to leave C.to be left D.being left,1.需要不定式作宾语补足语的动词：ask,advise,allow,beg,believe,call on,cause,command,direct,feel,expect,enable,encourage,force,get,hate,intend,invite,lead，like,order,permit,persuade,prefer，request,remind,teach,tell,want,warn,wish等。2.要求省掉不定式的to作宾补的动词：feel,have,hear,help,let,listen to,look at,make,notice,observe,see,watch等。,以下动词可以接现在分词作宾补：see,hear,smell,feel,watch,find,notice,observe,look at,listen to,catch等表示感觉的动词，现在分词的动作与谓语同时发生或正在进行的动作。have,keep,get,set,send,leave等表示“致使”等意义的动词。,1.My sister,an inexpensive rider,was found sitting on the bicycle _ to balance it.A.having tried B.trying C.to try D.tried2.I smell something _ in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute?A.burning B.burnt C.being burnt D.to be burnt3.After a knock at the door,the child heard his mothers voice _ him.A.calling B.called C.being called D.to call,1.You should understand the traffic rule by now.Youve had it _ often enough.A.explainingB.to explainC.explainD.explained 2.Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _in a short period.A.improved B.improving C.to improve D.improve,过去分词作宾语补足语用于下列结构：1.keep/leave+宾语+过去分词(表状态的动词)。2.have/get+宾语+过去分词:(A)让/请/叫某人做某事;(B)遭遇到某种不幸。(C)使某事完成。3.make+oneself+过去分词。常见的过去分词有：understood,known,heard，respected，noticed等。4.watch(notice,see,hear,listen to,feel,find)+宾语+过去分词(强调宾语所处的状态)5.want(wish,like,expect,order)+宾语+过去分词。,（五）考查不定式,现在分词,过去分词作状语的用法。,1.Did the book give the information you needed?Yes.But _ it,I had to read the entire book.A.to find B.find C.to finding D.finding2._the safety of gas,the government has checked the citys gas supply system thoroughly.ATo ensure BEnsuring CHaving ensured.DTo have ensured3._ this cake,youll need 2 eggs,175 g sugar and 175 g flour.A.Having made B.Make C.To make D.Making,只有不定式作目的状语，表示在谓语动词动作之后发生的动作。为了表示强调，不定式前加in order或so as.,1.不定式作结果状语的情况较少，主要出现在下列结构中：(1)tooto do结构;(2).enough to do结构；(3)only/just to do(不料却)。近几年高考命题只考查only/just to do结构,且是高考热点。2.作结果状语的大多是分词，常在句末,用逗号隔开。,1.He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out.A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told 2.Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,_ a record US$57.65 a barrel on April 4.A.have reached B.reaching C.to reach D.to be reaching3.The storm left,_a lot of damage to this area.A.caused B.to have caused C.to cause D.having caused,1._ to reach them on the phone,we sent an email instead.A.Fail B.Failed C.To fail D.Having failed2._for the breakdown of the school computer network,Alice was in low spirits.A.Blaming B.Blamed C.To blame D.To be blamed 3._ by a greater demand of vegetables,farmers have built more green houses.A.Driven B.Being driven C.To drive D.Having driven,1.现在分词和过去分词都可作原因、条件状语。但现在分词表将来或主动，过去分词表完成和被动。表示原因，相当于because,since和 as引导的原因状语从句。表示条件，相当于if条件状语从句。2.现在分词有时态和语态的变化，过去分词只有一般式。,1.When _ different cultures,we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.A.compared B.being compared C.comparing D.having compared2._ in the fields on a March afternoon,he could feel the warmth of spring.A.To walk.B.Walking C.Walked D.Having walked3._that she didnt do a good job,I dont think I am abler than her.A.To have said B.Having said C.To say D.Saying,分词作时间状语，相当于when,before,while,after,since引导的时间状语从句。分词短语有时可由连词while或when引出。如果非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,则用现在分词。如果非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是动宾关系,则用过去分词。现在分词有时态和语态的变化，而过去分词只有一般式。,1.He was busy writing a story,only _ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.A.to stop B.stopping C.to have stopped D.having stopped2.We often provide our children with toys,footballs or basketballs,_ that all children like these things.A.thinking B.think C.to think D.thought3.My cousin came to see me from the country,_me a full basket of fresh fruits.A.brought B.bringing C.to bring D.had brought4.The children went home from the grammar school,their lessons _ for the day.A.finishing B.finished C.had finished D.were finished,现在分词和过去分词作方式或伴随状语是高考考查的重点和热点。特别是历年全国卷中现在分词作方式状语的用法几乎年年考查。,（六）考查非谓语动词的特殊句型及其它用法。,1.The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang,who was reported _ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.A.breaking B.having broken C.to have broken D.break2.Is Bob still performing?Im afraid not.He is said_ the stage already as he has become an official.A.to have leftB.to leaveC.to have been leftD.to be left3.AIDS is said _ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.A.that it is B.to be C.that it has been D.to have been,句型“It is+said/believed/supposed/known/etc.+that-clause”可以转换为“S+is said/believe/supposed/known+to do/to have done”。当不定式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时或之后发生，不定式用一般式，当不定式表示的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生，不定式用完成式。,情感类使动词的现在分词形式用来说明事物或人的特征或性质，常修饰说明表示物的名词。过去分词形式用来指人的感觉或所处的状态，常修饰表示人或人的表情的名词。,1.He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _ in his lectures.A.interested B.interesting C.interest D.to interest2.A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending,but the reader _ must not be left.A.unsatisfied B.unsatisfying C.to be unsatisfying D.being unsatisfied3.Did you enjoy yourself at the party.Yes.Ive never been to _ one before.A.a more excited B.the most excited C.a more exciting D.the most exciting,1.The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _ every day.A.watered B.watering C.water D.to water2._ that she was going off to sleep,I asked if shed like that little doll on her bed.A.Seeing B.To see C.See D.Seen3._around the Water Cube,we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.A.Having shown B.To be shown C.Having been shown D.To show,非谓语动词一般式：表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或将来发生。非谓语动词完成式：说明该动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。2.分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语应该和句子的主语是一致的，即逻辑主语是该分词短语动作的执行者，用现在分词，若是承受者，用过去分词。,（七）考查非谓语动词时态、语态和逻辑主语的选择,Summarize the usages of nonfinite verbs:,1.位置关系：,1）.动词不定式做定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。2）.分词做定语有时放在被修饰词后，有时可以放在其前面,2.与被修饰词的关系：,1）不定式与被修饰词可能是主谓关系，也可能是动宾关系。2）V-ing 与被修饰词是主动关系3）过去分词与被修饰词是被动关系,3.动作发生的时间关系：,1）不定式可以表示发生在主句谓语动词动作之后的动作。2）现在分词可以表示与谓语动词动作同时发生或正在发生的动作。3）过去分词可以表示在谓语动词动作之前的动作或永久性的动作。,Summarize the usages of nonfinite verbs:,1.动词不定式做状语，可以表示目的、。其做结果 和原因状语时，常置于句子的；做目的状语时常置 于,也可以置于。2.分词做状语常置于句首，可以用来表示 等。如果状语所表示的动作和主句谓语动作有先后，应该采用完 成式。3.不定式和分词做状语都与主句的主语有逻辑上的主谓或动宾 关系。而独立主格结构则有自己的逻辑主语。4.分词或分词短语做状语可以与 相互转换。,结果和原因,后部,句中,原因、条件、伴随,状语从句,句首,Part II 非谓语动高频考点,非谓语动词的句法作用及高考热点,独立主格结构 非谓语作插入或转化为介词连词非谓语动词的否定Doing 和 being done,非谓语动词的句法作用及高考热点,非谓语动词,Part III 解题方法探究,须具备,句子结构的知识，会分析句子成分。简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词。各种复合句的知识，能够拆析复合句和长难句。,非谓语动词作状语多表示伴随状态，或事情发生的原因，结果，时间，条件等。注意，作目的状语只能是_不定式，也可用in order to/so as to+动词原形。,考点一：非谓语作状语,注意，作目的状语只能是_不定式，也可用in order to/so as to+动词原形。,解题诀窍：找逻辑主语，辩逻辑关系，析动作先后主动关系，即主语是非谓语动作的发出者被动关系，即主语是非谓语动作的承受者与谓语几乎同时进行doing,S+V being+done,S+V 先于谓语动作发生（已经完成）having+dong,S+V having been+dong,S+V=(dong,S+V)后于谓语动作发生（将要去做，特别是表示目的）(in order(not)/so as to(not)to do,S+V.(in order(not)/so as to(not)to be done,S+V,考点一：非谓语作状语,找逻辑主语辩逻辑关系析动作先后,不定式做结果状语的固定搭配only to do，too+adj/adv to do，so+adj/adv as to do，such+n as to do，adj/adv enough to do only to do 常表示意想不到或不愉快的结果。,考点一：非谓语作状语,作状语时的区别：,-ing/pp 表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随情况等等,eg.They worked hard to pay for the necklace.I went to see him only to find him out.I am glad to see you.,to do 表示 1.目的;2.结果表示出人预料的情况或结 果。常用only强调。3.原因表示造成情感变化的原因。,目的,结果,原因,状语,In order to pass the exam，he worked very hard,We ran all the way so as not to be late,2.在作表语用的形容词后面作状语。,I am very glad to hear it.The question is difficult to answer,3.too+adj/adv+to do 作状语,He is too old to do that,4.enough+adj/adv+to do 作状语,The room is big enough to hold us,1.目的状语:in order to 或 so as to,to do 作状语的其它几种情况:,5.so/such as to do 表结果,He was so angry as to be unable to speak.I am not such a fool as to believe you.,-ing form 与 pp 作状语 现在分词(短语)与过去分词(短语)作状语,表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况 等。,Whenleavingtheairport,theywavedagain andagaintous.United,we stand;divided,we fall.(=When/If we are united)Seen from the hill,the park looks very beautiful.Climbing tothetopofthetower,wesawamagnificentview.,(1)表示时间,(2)表示原因 Beingsick,Istayedathome.Shecaughtcoldsittingonthegrass.(3)表示条件Adoptingthismethod,wewillraisetheaverageyield（产量）by40percent.We will not attack unless attacked.Even if invited,I wont go.,(4)表示让步Admittingwhatshehassaid,Istillthinkthatshehasnttriedher best.(5)表示结果Itrainedheavily,causingseverefloodinginthatcountry.Itrainedfortwoweeksonend,completelyruiningourholiday.(6)表示方式或伴随情况Heranuptoherbreathingheavily.Pleasefillintheform,givingyourname,addressSurrounded by a group of pupils,the old teacher walked into the room.,分词的时态和语态：与主语动词同时，应用现在分词。分词作时间状语，如果先于主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用 having done。1)The secretary worked late into the night,_a long speech for the president.A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing2）_ a reply,he decided to write again.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received3）_in the university for 3 years,he knows the way very well,B,C,Having studied,1._by the teacher，Li Ming gave up smoking A.Having been criticized B.Being Criticized C.Criticized D.Having criticized2.Waiting for a bus,_.A.a brick fell on my head B.A little girl came to talk with me.C.I was hit by a brick on the head D.I was hit by a brick on my head,A,C,注意：非谓语作状语时，主语必须是非谓语的逻辑主语；如果不是，非谓语需要有在他前面加上自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。其中，最典型的就是with+n+ving/ved/to do 结构,注意：有些非谓语动词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：generally speaking,frankly speaking,judging from,considering,given supposing,providing/provided,takinginto Considerationto be honest,to tell you the truthto make matters/things worse,解题诀窍：找所修饰的词，辩逻辑关系，析动作先后与被修饰的名词或代词是主动关系与被修饰的名词或代词是被动关系正在进行doing being+done将要去做 to do to be done 已经完成 无done,考点二：非谓语作定语,找所修饰词辩逻辑关系析动作先后,，,考点二：非谓语作定语,1.作定语的不定式如果是vi，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式的地点，工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。2.不定式用来修饰名词，表动作未发生。3.不定式用来修饰被序数词，最高级等限定的中心词。,考点二：非谓语作定语,解题技巧：记固定搭配，辩逻辑关系，析动作先后不定式和分词作宾语补足语（we consider him to be a nice guy）或主语补足语(He is considered to be a nice guy)是考察的重点.做题时一要熟记固定搭配，仔细分析非谓语所表示的动作与谓语动作发生的先后问题。A 固定句型sb/sth be said/believed/reported/considered/thought to do/to be doing/to have done 要分清,考点三：非谓语作补语,记固定搭配辩逻辑关系析动作先后,B 弄清以下搭配及其意义 1.see,watch,observe,hear,listen to,notice等后面的宾补有3种形式（do/doing/done），doing表主动或正在进行，done表被动或完成，do表主动和完成（被动句中to 还原）。,B 弄清以下搭配及其意义 2.leave后接3种形式做宾补。leave sb to do sth/leave sth to be done,leave sb doing sth,leave sth undonee.g.He left,leaving me to do all the rest work.（主动，将来）We hurriedly ended our meeting,leaving many problems to be settled。（被动，将来）Its wrong of you to leave the machine running.(主动，正在进行)The guests left most of the dishes untouched,because they didnt taste delicious.（被动，完成）,B 弄清以下搭配及其意义 3.have,get,make后接3种形式，表示“使，让，叫”,B 弄清以下搭配及其意义 4.with复合结构，to do表示动作未发生（主动或被动），doi