英语语法动词句型.ppt

,动词句型,英语六班王美姿莫丽芬彭仙鹤,概说,英语的基本句型1语言是千变万化的，要掌握语言，必须掌握语言的核心。动词句型可说是语言的核心，是骨干。纲举则目张。因此要对语言有比较全面的了解，应当抓住英语动词句型。掌握好这些基本句型，就可为灵活运用语言打下基础。2英语有五种基本句型。（1）主语+不及物动词 Everybody smiled.（2）主语+及物动词+宾语 He knows everything.（3）主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 I showed him my passport.（4）主语+系动词+表语（补语）The boy looks healthy.（5）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语 What made you angry?祈使句的主语一般都省略掉.简单慨括为以下类：,Verb Pattern 1主语+系动词+表语（代词/名词/名词短语）Time is money.The dictionary is mine.Sunday seems to be the best study day for many students.注意：用于这一句型的系动词主要有appear,be,become,feel,look,prove,remain,seem 和 sound 等。系动词appear,seem 和prove 后面可加to be.Verb Pattern 2主语+系动词+表语（形容词/形容词短语）Time is dangerous.A good plan must be a little flexible.Andersen remained single all his life.注意：用于这一句型的系动词主要有appear,be,become,feel,get,go,grow,keep,look,prove,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste 和 turn等。系动词appear,seem 和prove 后面可加to be.,Verb Pattern 3主语+系动词+表语（副词/介词短语）At last we were/got home.The children are in the garden.Hans felt most at ease with children.注意：用于这一句型的系动词主要有be,feel,get和keep。Verb Pattern 4主语+不及物动词The moon rose.The telephone is ringing.The glass dropped and broke.注意：用于这一句型的动词不能用于被动结构。,Verb Pattern 5主语+不及物动词+状语（副词/副词短语）He speaks quickly.The boy played very well.This winter snow came early.注意：用于这一句型的动词一般不用于被动结构。Verb Pattern 6 主语+短语动词*主语+不及物短语动词（动词+副词性虚词）For 37 years,a new book of Andersens fairy tales came out each Christmas.*主语+及物短语动词We should take care of public property.The young man looked up the word in the dictionary.Andersen listened to the tales which the women told at their weaving.注意：部分及物短语动词可用于被动结构，但主动结构更为自然。,Verb Pattern 7主语+及物动词+宾语（名词/名词短语/代词）I believe him.Andersen forgave the man and comforted him.Each of the cards represents an actual use of the word by a writer of some importance.注意：除动词have，lack，fit，suit，resemble外，用于这一句型的其它动词均可用于被动结构，但主动结构更为自然。如：The man was forgiven and comforted(by Andersen).Verb Pattern 8主语+及物动词+宾语（that 从句）The man also noticed that he was getting fat.You may suddenly find that there is no way to stretch the little time you have left to cover all your duties.注意：1.连词that可以省略。2.用于这一句型的动词能用于被动结构，一般用先行词it作为形式主语，真正的主语置于句尾连词that不能省略。如：It is widely believed that every word has a correct meaning.,Verb Pattern 9主语+及物动词+宾语（wh-/how/if/whether从句）主语+及物动词+宾语（wh-/how/whether不定式短语）I dont know whether it is true.You can imagine what happened!The small boy doesnt even know how to read.The old man couldnt decide which of his children to leave his money to.注意：1.用于这一句型的部分动词可用于被动结构，一般用先行词it作为形式主语，真正的主语置于句尾。如：It was explained how dictionaries are made and how the editors arrive at definitions.It couldnt be decided(by the old man)which of his children to leave his money to.2.副词why不能引导不定式短语。Verb Pattern 10主语+及物动词+宾语（不定式短语）I cant afford to find that out.I began to think about what hes said to me.Relatives who had not spoken for years promised to stay in touch.注意：1.不定式分句隐含的主语总跟主句的主语一致。2.用于这一句型的动词不能用于被动结构。,Verb Pattern 11主语+及物动词+宾语（动名词短语）I forgot closing the window.We began shouting at each other.Henry Ground loved sitting in the sun and counting the blades of grass.注意：1.用于这一句型的动词常用的有avoid,begin,consider,continue,dislike,enjoy,finish,forget,hate,like,love,remember,require,resist,start,stop,和try。2.用于这一句型的动词一般不用于被动结构 Verb Pattern 12主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语（不定式短语）I wish you to tell me the truth.The job requires you to speak good English.They advised Hans Christian not to write any more poetry and plays,and to try to get a government job.注意：1.用于这一句型的动词有 allow,advise,expect,forbid,invite,hate,like,order,teach,tell,warn。2.用于这一句型的部分动词可用于被动结构。如：Andersen was told(by the prince)to learn a useful trade.,Verb Pattern 13主语+及物动词+宾语（带逻辑主语的动名词短语）I dont know him/his lending my money.I miss you/your bringing me cups of coffee at night.The old lady hated the children/childrens playing in her garden.注意：1.动名词短语的逻辑主语可以是人称代词、名词、名词短语（如him,its,Tom,the students）或是比较正式的所有格形式（如his,Toms,the students）。不表示人的代词或名词所有格则很少使用。如I looked forward to its getting warm in spring.We stopped the trucks craching into the wall.2.用于这一句型的动词主要有 admire,dislike,forbid,hate,imagine,ijustify,like,love,miss,prevent,recall,regret,remember,report,resent,stand,stop,understand和urge。3.用于这一句型的动词一般不用于被动结构。Verb Pattern 14主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语（形容词/形容词短语）Ill plead you guilty.The medicine made the old mans eyes weak.This will not only keep the study habit alive but also keep you up to date on your class assignments.注意：用于这一句型的部分动词可以用于被动结构，但主动结构要更为自然。如：The old mans eyes were made weak(by the medicine).,Verb Pattern 15主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语（名词/名词短语）I consider Linda my best friend.The boss made Mr.Brown chairman of the department.注意：用于这一句型的动词可用于被动结构。如：He was declared the winner(by the teacher).Verb Pattern 16主语+宾语+宾语补语（介词/介词短语）He placed the violin in a corner.Bob pointed a forefinger at each word in turn.He felt sweat oh his forehead,but he took the violin from the wall calmly.注意：1.这一句型里的宾语补语多为表示空间，特别是表示方向的介词短语。2.用于这一句型中的动词一般可用于被动结构。如：The violin was placed in a corner(by him).,Verb Pattern 17主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语（不带to的不定式短语）The jokes made my side ache.One day they saw him put a lot of bread under his shirt.We watched the tall figure cross the square and get onto a bus.注意：1.用于这一句型的动词多是感知动词（如feel,hear,see和watch）或是具有强制意义的动词（如have,help,let和make）。2.动词help后的不定式标志to可有可无，help sb.to do sth.多见于英式英语，help sb.do sth.多见于美式英语。3.除watch外，其它动词均可用于被动语态，主动结构中的宾语则变为被动结构中的主语，而不带to的不定式则变为带to的不定式，但主动结构要更为自然。如：He was seen to put a lot of bread under his shirt one day.,Verb Pattern 18主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语（现在分词）Louise could hear someone singing far away.The Jewish man watched me trying to read that paper.They found the young man wading through some marshes in a military exercise.注意：1.用于这一句型的动词一类是感知动词（catch,discover,feel,find,hear,leave,notice,observe,overhear,perceive,see,smell,spot,spy和watch），另一类是使役动词（get,have,keep,set和start）。2.除动词have和start外，其它动词一般可用于被动结构，即将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，但主动结构要更为自然。如：was watched(by the Jewish man)trying to read that paper.3.动词feel,hear,notice,see,observe,overhear和watch后既可接现在分词作补语，又可接不带to的不定式作补语，这二者的区别是：前者表示正在进行的动作，而后者则着重表示从头到尾的全过程。如：She watched her son cross the road.她看着儿子过了马路。（注视着全过程）She watched her son crossing the road.她看着儿子过马路。（不一定是全过程）,Verb Pattern 19主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语（过去分词）My father got his watch repaired.I would like my bedroom cleaned.We would have most of the dishes cleared away by 11:00 or 11:15 p.m.注意：1.用于这一句型的动词为使役动词（get,have）、意愿动词（like,need,want)、感知动词（feel,hear,see,watch）和后接表示结果状态的过去分词（discover,find,leave).2.只有第四类动词可用于被动结构。如：His car was found abandoned.Verb Pattern 20主语+及物动词+间接宾语（人称代词/名词/名词短语）+直接宾语（名词/名词短语）Only love of life gave him strength.The Thinking Machine handed Winthrop an envelope.Andersens father showed him a white woman-like figure.The letters of instructions merely told my managers the costs of the various drills.注意：用于这一句型的大部分动词均可用于两种形式的被动结构，即将主动结构中的间接宾语或直接宾语变为被动结构中的主语，但第一种形式的被动形式更为常见。如：Andersen was shown an a white woman-like figure(by his father).A white woman-like figure was shown to Andersen(by his father).,Verb Pattern 21主语+及物动词+直接宾语+间接宾语（to/for+名词/名词短语/人称代词）We sent a letter of thanks to him.My mother poured a cup of coffee for the guest.She has showed her expensive coat to all her friends.The Thinking Machine handed the envelope to the secretary.注意：1.用于这一句型的大部分动词可用于被动结构，即将主动结构中的直接宾语变为被动结构中的主语。如：Her expensive coat has been showed to all her friends(by her).2.在第四个例句中，因直接宾语太长而置于间接宾语之后。Verb Pattern 22主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（that从句）I warned Dennis that the paint was wet.He promised me that he would study harder this semester.I told Professor Agassiz(that)I had enrolled my name in the scientific school as a student of natural history.注意：1.连词that有时可以省略。2.用于这一句型的大部分动词可用于被动结构。如：I was warned(by him)that the paint was wet.,Verb Pattern 23主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（wh-/how/if/whether从句）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（wh-/how/whether不定式短语）I should teach you what is right.Bob asked the professor when he could leave the laboratory.He didnt tell the students if/whether they could use a dictionary.Could you show me how to use this machine?注意：1.用于这一句型的动词主要有advise,ask,inform,instruct,remind,show,teach,tell和warn。其中部分动词可用于被动结构，即将主动结构中的间接宾语变为被动结构中的主语。如：The boy was told(by the woman)what the work was like.2.副词why不能引导不定式短语。Verb Pattern 24主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（to+名词/名词短语/人称代词）+宾语补语（不定式短语）He motioned to me to sit down.She beckoned(招手）to me to follow.Henry nodded to the wine waiter to bring another cup of wine.注意：1.用于这一句型的宾语指主语招呼或示意的对象。2.用于这一句型的动词一般不能用于被动结构。,Verb Pattern 25主语+及物动词+间接宾语（to+名词/名词短语/人称代词）+直接宾语（wh-/how/if/whether从句）主语+及物动词+间接宾语（to+名词/名词短语/人称代词）+直接宾语（wh-/how/if/whether不定式短语）The manager indicated to me where I should sit/where to sit.The headmaster explained to the new teachers what they should do next/what to do next.My mother described to me how I should cook the fish/how to cook the fish.注意：1.这一句型里的间接宾语主要指主语发出信息的对象。2.用于这一句型里的部分动词可用于被动结构，一般用 it 作为形式主语，真正的主语置于曾是主动结构中的间接宾语之后。如：It was explained to the new teachers(by the headmaster)what they should do next/what to do next.3.副词 why 不能引导不定式短语。,Thank you!,