大学英语四级词汇串讲p.ppt

,大学英语四级词汇串讲,I.关于四级的改革,2005年6月18日是旧题型的最后一次考试2006年1月和6月不是试点院校的学院还参加旧题型的考试。2007年1月正式的四级改革开始实行词汇与结构改革后不直接考了,而在阅读、听力、写作、完型等题型中去考,“如果没有语法就很难表达思想，那么，没有词汇就什么也不能表达。”-D.A.Wilkins词汇是语言的建筑材料，是学习语言的根本（听、说、读、写、译）。改革后的新试题，题量大，阅读量大，需要掌握的词汇量也大。无论考不考词汇，单词都必须背!BACK,II.如何背单词、四级考点,4200-4500个单词及这些词构成的常用词组(1000左右)背单词的过程中要抓住四级出题规律，背诵高频词汇。非核心:1800-2000单词(中学已经掌握)核心:常出现的是2000-2500个单词 BACK,四级词汇分段记忆出现频率特别高（10个字母）a:ab-/ac-/ad-/as-/at-s:su-/st-t:trans-/te-/tr-c:con-/com-/col-/cor-/co-r:re-i:im-/in-/il-/ir-,contribution,legalillegal,regular-irregular,abandon,access,addition,attention,assist,address,transfer,transform,transport,politeimpolitepatientimpatientportimportaccurate-inaccurate,b:p:-pro/-pre e:-ex/-en d:-de/-dis2.从来不考的 z:/x:/q:j:justify(从来没被选中过)y:yield(yield to屈服，让步)k:(考过3次)3.其它单词可放在阅读中记忆 BACK,progress(walk)preview(see),exportexit,rich-enrichlarge-enlargeable-enabledanger-endangertitle-entitle,disagreedistribute,科学背单词1)花大量时间记忆单词-“重复是记忆之母”每天至少背100个单词，分成三段1)认知单词（30秒内能反应出单词意思）2)学会单词拼写3)直达词义，不用再切换到汉语意思 7天一个时间段第一天背100个，第二天复习前100个，再加上新单词100个200个第七天就不用再记新的单词了，仔细复习前6天的单词一个月左右2500左右重点单词就可以背下来了！,2)在阅读中巩固和复习单词e.g.water a bottle of water There are many waters in this area.The garden needs watering.When I saw delicious food,I watered.employ During the examination,you cant employ your dictionary.BACK,流口水,The world are like eels.They are too slippery to be kept in our memory.,背单词的捷径编故事记单词e.g.(1)scream(2)innocent(3)family(4)quality quantity(5)adopt adapt(6)ash/bush/cash/abash/crash/clash/smash(7)euthanasia,惊声尖叫,无辜的，清白的,Father and mother,I love you.,质量,数量,采纳，领养,适应,碰撞，撞击,（飞机）坠毁,惭愧,打碎，变成碎片,安乐死,词根、词缀记忆法1)able:e.g.enable,unable,ability,capable2)act:to do,to drive e.g.action,actor,actress,active,activity,activate,actual,exact,reactor,interact,transaction3)part:to separate e.g.parcel,partly,partial,partner,party,participate,participant,particle,particular,apart,apartment,department,compartment,depart,dis-:dislike,disgust,distaste,disorder,distribute en-:enable,entitle,enrich,enlarge im-/-in:con-/-com-ir/-il,常见的前缀:,常见的后缀：-ize:realize,recognize-ify:identify,justify,classify,personify,satisfy-ate(v.):coordinate,illustrate-tion(n.):contribution,implication,imagination,illustration-sion(n.):discussion-ment(n.):treatment,establishment-ity:prosperity,identity(ID card)-ee:employee-er:employer,secretarydiseasecommitteetestee/testerbigamy,意群记忆1）“物质世界”物质的最小成分：atom,particle 宇宙太空：universe,solar,lunar 最小单位基因：protein,gene,cell 水生动物：fish,shellfish 爬行动物：reptile,insect 飞行动物：bird 哺乳动物：mammal 猿类：monkey,2)“人类社会”皇家：royalty,dynasty,dictator 贵族：nobleman,landlord 政府：government,official,administrate 选举：election,vote 立法：congress,assembly,legislative 动荡：disorder,uprising,revolution 警察：police,officer 监狱：jail,prison 武装：army,armed forces 战争：war,weapon,surrender,defeat,victory 和平：peace,treaty,大家可以随时随地根据某一信息联想记忆单词，比如：一个人骑车走在街上就可以联想到：bicycle,truck,car,vehicle,bus,traffic(jam,light),rush hours,highway,freeway,zebra lines,cement,sidewalk,underpass,road,passenger,shops,fence 等一个人到医院又能联想到：hospital,doctor,nurse,ward,medicine,cure,treatment,injection,illness,clinic等。,记忆单词生活化robustrejoicewithdraw/deposit/accountingredient/salt/sugar/pepper/vegetable oilbreezeBuckle up,please.,III.同义词、近义词含义比较,固定词伙关系（固定搭配/约定成俗）看书 read 看电视 watch 看电影 see 看黑板 look at,学知识:learn knowledge学:possess/acquire/obtain/gain/master知识:skill/intellectual depth/perspective/horizon/insight/wisdom,Owing to _ competition among the airlines,travel expenses have been reduced considerably.A.fierce B eager C strained D critical fierce(动作非常激烈)：猛烈的，激烈的。常用的固定词伙关系是：fierce competition eager:热中,渴望 strained:紧崩的，拉紧的 critical:一起搭配的常用be critical of“对进行批评,挑剔”,The director was critical _ the way we were doing the work.A at B in C of D with,相当大地,A,pierce：v.猛戳，猛刺入,strain：要求超过极限所造成的紧张。tension:紧绷的状态或紧张的局势,包含关系(A包含B，选A)(2)His wife is constantly finding _ with him,which makes him very angry.A errors B shortcomings C fault D flaw errors:mistakes/sth.done wrongly fault:错(人的性格、行为或习惯上的缺点)shortcomings:(反:merits)指在学校老师作评语时给出的优缺点。flaw:指物体或材料上的瑕疵,C,指代关系(3)There was a big hole in the road which _ the traffic.A set back B stood back C held up D kept down Set back:推迟、推延、阻碍（时间概念上的）set about+doing着手、开始做某事 set out+to do着手、开始做某事 set down:take down/put down/write down set off:出发，离开，起程=set out set up 安装，创立，建立 set aside 把 留出hold up 支撑、推迟、推延、阻碍(具体概念上的)stand back 后退keep down 控制,Having decided to rent a flat,we _ contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city.A set about B set out C set down D set up,The continuous rain _ the harvesting of wheat crop by two weeks.,C,词性Many difficulties have _ as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel.A risen B arisen C raised D arrived 不及物动词 及物动词,“提高，提升，饲养，抚养”raise the flagraise children,太阳、旗帜、水位等的上升（具体概念）,指抽象概念（问题、麻烦、新的局面等）的一种出现,B,四级词汇里还有一个表示“上升”的词：soar(通常表示毫不费劲地上升到很高的高度),词根、词缀的关系(5)There were some _ flowers on the table.A artificial B unnatural C false D unreal artificial:人造的，人为的(artifact n.人工制品，加工品)artificial leg artificial leather(genuine leather)unnatural:形容人的行为举止不自然；不正常的 a bird of unnatural sizefalse:假（具有欺骗性的）false passport/false hair/false teethunreal:虚幻的（不是真实世界所拥有的）unreal world,A,More practice(6)This ticket _ you to a free meal in our new restaurant.A gives B grants C entitles D credits,give sb.sth.give sth.to sb.,1)grant sb.sth 正式授予e.g.She granted me one mao.(错)2)资助3)take sth.for granted,1)entitle sb.to sth.2)entitle sb.to do sth.使某人有得到某事的权利,1)学分2)gredit card3)gredit A to B把A归咎于Be.g.credit the car accident to the drivers carelessness,C,(7)A season ticket _ the holder to make as many journey as he wishes within the stated period of time.A entitle B grants C presents D promises,“赠与，给与”present with,promise to do sth.promise sb.sth.,A,(8)Everyone should be _ to a decent standard of living and an opportunity to be educated.A attributed B entitled C identified D justified,attribute to 归因于,identify sth.with sth.将东西与东西认为是相同的,证明,表明,B,(9)She cooled the meat for a long time so as to make it _ enough to eat.A mild B slight C light D tender,温柔的(gentle)吃的东西不辣的,轻微的,少许的e.g.A slightest change of the schedule may affect everyone.,light 反:heavy(rain)清淡的,容易消化的,(肉)嫩的,Wild 粗野的，野蛮的Wild animal,wild horse,wild flowers,hotspicy,(10)When people become unemployed,it is _ which is often worse than lack of wages.A laziness B poverty C idleness D inability,lazy bones懒骨头,贫穷,穷困 poor,无能力,idle:闲置的,闲逛(的),游手好闲e.g.idle capital idle away some time虚度光阴 kill time,C,(11)Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you _ the new carpet.A crash B pollute C spot D stain BACK,crash 表示飞机的失事wreck 轮船的失事accident 汽车的车祸,The strong storm did a lot of damage to the coastal villages:several fishing boats were _ and many houses collapsed.A wrecked B spoiled C torn D injured,injure:在事故中受伤wound:(刀、枪等）伤hurt:(感情、情感的）伤,n.污点，污迹(点状)v.使有污点spotted dogspitspotchopchip,弄脏,染色(片状污迹),D,IV.形近词,(1)Niagara Falls is a great tourist _,drawing millions of visitors every year.A attention B attraction C appointment D arrangement,Pay attention to,tractor:拖拉机attraction:吸引力attract ones attention,正式约会Keep appointmentBreak appointment男女之间的约会：date,(2)The rain was heavy and _ the land was flooded.A consequently B continuously C constantly D consistently,相当于therefore,比较正式，一般在句首,连续地（没有间断性）continually 连续地（有间断性，时断时续的）,“始终如一地，恒定地;总是”固定词伙：恒温constant temperature,“一贯地”固定词伙：consistent policy,light rainrain cats and dogs,A,(3)I hate people who _ the end of a film that you havent seen before.A revise B rewrite C reveal D reverse Re-:again rewrite=write again review reviseRe-:back return reject reverse(转)：颠倒,揭示，揭露,A,(4)Dont _ this news to the public until we give you the go-ahead.A release B relieve C relate D retain,release sth.to sb.“向某人发布、发行”固定词伙：release energy,减轻痛苦、忧虑等relieve your pain/worryn.relief固定搭配：to ones relief使某人宽慰的是,relate sth.to sth.在思想或意义上与有联系be related to,保持，保留,A,(5)The twentieth century has witnessed an enormous worldwide political,economic and cultural _.A tradition B transportation C transmission D transformation,传送,播送transmit v.,(6)There were no tickets _ for Fridays performance.A preferable B considerable C possible D available,可得到的,可应用的,可获得的The dictionary is available.The manager is available.There is no room(available)in our hotel.,Consider v.Considerable:值得考虑的,可观的,量大的Considerate:考虑周到的,-prefer(vt.)喜欢-prefer to do-prefer to do rather than(to)do 宁愿而不愿-prefer sth.to sth./prefer doing to doing(prefer coffee to tea),D,Preferable:更合适的,更喜欢的 具有比较意义的形容词(不能与more,than,-er连用):superior to优于-inferior tosecond to 仅次于(Im second to none.)Sensitive to 对感到敏感,(7)It is said that the math teacher seems _ towards bright students.A partial B beneficial C preferable D liable,偏爱的partial to/towards impartial to/towards 不偏不倚的,benefit from,liable to sth.遭遇到某事,A,(8)Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful _ in the market.A batteries B bargains C baskets D barrels,装液体的大木桶,便宜货，讨价还价打折 discount 20%discountv.bargain with sb.与某人讨价还价 bargain about sth.就讨价还价,B,(9)Remember that customers dont _ about prices in that city.A debate B consult C dispute D bargain,辩论，辩论会,咨询consultant 顾问,反驳beyond dispute 无可争辩,D,(10)The neighborhood boys like to play basketball on the _ lot.A valid B vain C vacant D vague,具有法律效力的,没人占用而空,暂时没有充满而空反:occupiedempty 空空如也,什么也没有,in vain徒劳,白费力气,含糊不清的,(11)Although they plant trees in this are every year,the tops of some hills are still _.A blank B hollow C vacant D bare,因为没写字而空,中空的、空心的反：solid,光秃秃的（一般形容土地）bald 光头,D,V.动词词组及短语,turnTurn down 将音量关小，拒绝Turn up 把音量开大；出现Turn out 结果是、证明；生产Turn over 移交，转交（没有方向性）Turn to 求助于，参考Turn in 交给，上交,This company has turned out 100 cars.,take over 接管hand over交给，递给,Refer to,makeMake outMake for 朝走去Make off匆匆地离开某地,逃走Make up Make it=succeed in doing sth.(听力中常出现)Make up for 弥补,补偿,Leave for Shanghai.Make for my office.,组成,构成+数字/百分比be made up of 组成,构成(被动)补考缓考,takeTake after在外貌,性格等方面与父母相象Take apart(将大型机器)分解，拆开Take back 收回=withdrawTake down 记下,写下Take effect 生效Take effective steps/measures采取有效措施Take in 理解领悟,吸收(absorb),欺骗(cheat)Take off 脱下,(飞机)起飞(四级听力重点词组)Take on 承担责任等等;雇佣(employ);Take out 抽出,取出Take part in=participate inTake the place of=replace(replace A with B),Take turns+to do sth.轮流做某事Take up 占据时间;开始从事,handHand down 把传下来Hand out 分发,分给,callCall for 要求,需求Call in 邀请,约进,叫进来Call off(重点词组)cancelCall on 拜访,号召Call out 大声叫喊;向挑战;Call up动员,召集;打电话;使人想起Allow doingAllow sb.To do sth.Allow for,goGo off 离开,爆炸,断电Go after 追捕;追求Go along with 支持,赞同;陪同某人前往Go around 四处走走;(消息等)传开Go back on 违背Go by时间的流逝;遵守,遵循Go for 去拿,去请;袭击;适用于Go into 调查,研究;谈及,谈论(基本只考第二种意思)Go out 出去(从来不考);熄灭Go over 复习;仔细检查Go through 遭受,经历,度过(困难期等)Go up 上升,上涨Go with 与一起;与协调一致,breakBreak through 取得突破性进展,突围,突破Break away+from 与某人脱离关系Break down(机器)坏了,汽车抛锚了;谈判破裂;身体垮了Break into 破门而入Break off 中止,中断Break out(火灾,战争,疾病等)爆发Break up 打碎,结束,Bird flu broke out.,giveGive away 赠送;泄露秘密Give back 归还Give in 屈服,让步yield toGive off指光热烟等的散发释放Give up 放弃abandonGive out 分发,分给,Come 改变立场 bring over 使转变(思想),Come across=run into Come after跟踪而至Come at 袭击Come to 总计Come up 出现Come up with Come into view/sight 印入眼帘,Bring back 归还;使记忆Bring down 降低,打倒Bring forth 生产Bring forward 提议Bring up 抚养,养育,