一般现在时态和现在完成时态的区别.ppt
,现在完成时态与一般现在时态区别,1.现在完成时:The Present Perfect Tense,构成：助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词用法(1)：表示动作过去发生，现在已经完成，并与现在的情况有联系。通常和时间副词just,already,before,yet,never,ever等状语连用。例如：I have never heard of that before.Have you ever ridden a horse?She has already finished the work.Ive just lost my science book.,现在完成时:The Present Perfect Tense,用法(2)：表示动作或状态过去已经开始，持续到现在，可能还会持续下去，也可能刚刚结束。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。如：for和since引导的时间短语，以及 so far,up to now,today,this week(month,year)等。I havent seen her these days.She has been ill for 3 years.They have lived here since 1990.注意：这种“未完成”用法不适用于表示短暂动作或位置转移的词，如come,go,arrive,leave,die,marry,buy等。要与for或since引导的时间短语连用时，需用相对应的状态动词。如come,go,arrive-die-leave-marry-buy-,be to/in,be away,be dead,be married,have,2.一般过去时与现在完成时之比较,(1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。如：I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）(2)有些时间状语，如this morning,tonight等既可用于现在完成时，又可用于一般过去时，但意义上会有所差别。如：Jenny has had three cups of coffee this morning.Jenny had three cups of coffee this morning.,（讲话时还是上午）,（讲话时上午已经过去）,一般过去时与现在完成时之比较,(3)for所引导的时间短语既可用于现在完成时，也可用于一般过去时，但所表示的意义有明显区别。I have lived in Guangzhou for ten years.I lived in Guangzhou for ten years.,I still live in Guangzhou.,I dont live in Guangzhou now.,(4)句子中如有表示明确过去时间的副词（如 yesterday,last week,in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，而要用一般过去时。例如：（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.,Exercise,例题分析：,1.You dont need to describe her.I _ her several times.A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet,答案B；首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。,2.-Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh,not at all.I _ here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be,答案A；等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。,1.He stepped into the office,_ down and began to fill in the forms.A.SittingB.to sit C.sat D.having it2.She said she would telephone but we _from her so far.A.havent heard B.didnt hear C.hadnt heard D.wont hear3.When I got to the cinema,the film_for ten minutes.A.has begun B.had begun C.had been on D.was4.Come in,Peter,I want to show you something.Oh,how nice of you!I _ you _ to bring me a gift.A.never think;are going B.never thought;were going C.didnt think;were going D.hadnt thought;were going,5.“这本书我已经买了三个月了。”，下列哪一句不对？A.I have had this book for three months.B.I have bought this book for three months.C.I bought this book three months ago.D.It is three months since I bought this book.6.The old man _ two days after he had been sent to hospital.A.died B.would die C.had died D.has died 7.Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while,but soon _ to his old ways.A.returned B.returns C.was returning D.had returned,Enjoy English tense!,
