非谓语动词语法专题.ppt
,Non-restrictive Verbs,非谓语动词语法专题,高三班黄雪菲,考点荟萃,从近年高考试题来看，非谓语动词考查特征呈现多样化趋势，具体考点如下：现在分词与过去分词的区别done,being done,to be done的区别不定式与分词作状语的区别不定式的时态和疑问词+不定式形式谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别非谓语动词的时态、语态、复合结构以及独立结构的使用,知识储备,非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语,但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。它们没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语和状语等。非谓语动词主要有不定式，动词的-ing形式，动词的-ed形式三类。,不定式,不定式有两种表现形式，一种是带to的不定式，一种是省略to的不定式。不定式不能做句子的谓语，但它具有动词的一些特征，如可以带有自己的宾语、状语及逻辑主语等。,不定式的句法功能,1.作主语(在句子中相当于名词或代词的作用）eg.To master a foreign language calls for a great deal of memory work.2.作表语（在句子中表示主语的“职业、职责或性质等”）eg.Our duty is to help the young children to grow better.3.作宾语 不定式可充当某些动词的宾语 eg.How I wish to see my old friends again!不定式作介词的宾语 eg.I am interested in what to do but not how to do it.4.作宾语补足语 eg.I told Jeff to join the club,but he wouldnt listen.,5.作定语 不定式和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的动宾关系 eg.Have you got anything to do this evening?不定式与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系 eg.She is always the first to come to school.6.作状语 目的状语 eg.Many students attend after-school activities to make more friends.结果状语（通常表示令人意外的结果）eg.He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left.原因状语 eg.I am sorry to have troubled you so much.条件状语 eg.To listen to him,you should think that there is no problem.,动词的-ing形式,动词的-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词，具有名词、代词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、定语、状语等。,动词的-ing形式的时态和语态,1.一般式 表示泛指意义 eg.Being careless is not a good habit,whatever you do.表示与谓语同时发生的动作 eg.Following the guide,we were walking in the forest.表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作 eg.Hearing the news,the poor girl burst into tears.表示发生在谓语动词之后的动作 eg.Most doctors strongly insisted on giving up smoking.,3.被动式 当动词的-ing形式的逻辑主语同时也是-ing形式表示的动作的承受者时，-ing形式用被动语态。它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，或在其前发生。eg.I do not like being laughed at in public.它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。eg.I am pleased at your having been admitted to a famous university.-ing形式被动语态的一般式在介词后作宾语时，无进行意义，being不可省略。eg.She is afraid of being taken to the public.,2.完成式 动词的-ing形式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。eg.I am very pleased at your having been honored with a medal.注意：某些动名词可用一般式也可用完成式表示动作发生在主句之前。eg.Thank you for giving/having given us so much help.,常用必备,运用-ing形式作宾语的常见动词 admit advise allow avoid consider delay enjoy escape finish keep imagine mind include permit risk resist suggest一些常见的运用-ing形式的短语 falling leaves落叶 boiling water开水 the setting sun落日 the coming week下周 the following questions下面的问题 a barking dog狂吠的狗 running water自来水 a developing country发展中国家 the suffering people 受苦的人们,动词的-ed形式的结构特征,动词的-ed形式通常是由原形动词后加-ed构成的，但也有不规则的形式，又称过去分词。动词的-ed形式仍保留动词的许多特征，在句中可有自己的状语和逻辑主语，带双宾语的及物动词构成的动词的-ed形式还可以有自己的宾语。其否定式是在其前加not.,动词的-ed形式的句法功能,1.作表语 eg.All of us were moved to tears at the sorrowful story.2.作定语 eg.We only sell used books in our bookstore.3.做补足语 eg.If you want to make yourself respected,you are above all to respect others.4.作状语 eg.The hunter walked slowly in the forest,followed by his wolf dog.,感谢观看,常用必备,一些需接带to的不定式的动词ask advise allow beg cause encourage forceget invite help know like persuade orderwarn permit teach wish require一些可接不带to的不定式的动词discover feel have hear let make noticeobserve see watch,提示：在这些动词的被动形式下，需要带to，let除外,
