静态形容词与动态形容词.ppt
grammar study,也谈英语的静态形容词与动态形容词,一、静态形容词不能用于进行时态，而动态形容词可以。如：误：He is being beautiful.(beautiful为静态形容词)正：He is being nervous.他显得很紧张。二、静态形容词不能用于主要动词为be的祈使句，而动态形容词可以。如：误：Be tall./Dont be short.(tall 和short为静态形容词)正：Be polite./Dont be rude.有礼貌点。/不得无礼,三、静态形容词不能用于What he did was to be 这类句型后作表语，而动态形容词可以。如：误：What he did was to be tall.(tall为静态形容词)正：What he did was to be careful.他所做的是就是要认真。四、静态形容词大多用于Its+adj.+for 结构，而动态形容词则大多可用于Its+adj.+of sb 结构。如：It was difficult for him to finish it in time.要他按时完成它有困难。It was clever of him to finish it in time.他很聪明，按时完成了它。,。,五、一些主动性较强的语境中可用动态形容词，但不用静态形容词。如：误：You must be beautiful.(must 若表肯定推测，此句则正确)正：You must be careful.你必须仔细,注：通常可用于动态的形容词主要有：brave 勇敢的 calm 冷静的 careful 仔细的careless 粗心的 cheerful 高兴的 clever 聪明的cruel 残酷的 foolish 愚蠢的 friendly 友好的impatient 不耐烦 kind 友好的 naughty 淘气的nervous 紧张的 noisy 吵闹的 patient 有耐心的quiet 安静的 serious 严肃的 shy 害羞的stupid 愚蠢的等等。,含if的八种省略结构,类型一：if+形容词这类结构通常可视为在if与形容词之间省略了“主语+动词be的适当形式”。如：Send the goods now if ready.=Send the goods now if they are ready.货物如已备好，请即送来。If true,this will cause us a lot of trouble.=If it is true,this will cause us a lot of trouble.这事若是事实，它将给我们造成许多麻烦。注：这类省略结构中有的已构成相对固定的搭配，if necessary(如果需要)，if possible(如果可能)等。如：If necessary,ring me at home.如果必要，可往我家里打电话。If possible,let me know beforehand.如果可能，可在事前通知我。,类型二：if+过去分词其中的过去分词可视为是被省略的被动结构，即在if与形容词之间省略了主语和助动词be。如：He will come if asked.=He will come if he is asked.他如被邀就会来。The medicine is quite effective if taken in time.=The medicine is quite effective if it is taken in time.这药要是能按时服用，效果是很好的,类型三：if+代词这类省略通常要根据具体的上下文来理解。如：If anyone,he knows.如果有人知道，那就是他了。There are few people nowadays,if any,who remember him.当今记得他的人，如有的话，也不多了。He seems to have little,if anything,to do with this.若要说他和这事有什么相关的话，那也似乎是很少的。,类型四：if+介词短语这类结构往往要根据具体的语境来理解，但有些经常搭配的惯用结构也值得注意，如if in doubt,if at all,if by any chance等。如：If in doubt,ask your doctor.He can give you further information.你若有疑问，可以问问医生.他会向你作进一步的说明。Their policies have changed little,if at all,since the last election.自上次选举以来，他们的政策就算是有所变化，也变得很少。If by any chance you cant manage dinner tonight,perhaps we can at least have a drink together.就算你今晚不吃晚饭，也许我们至少可以一起喝一杯。,类型五：if+everif ever 可视为习语，它通常与seldom连用，表示“极少”“难得”。如：She seldom,if ever,goes to the cinema.她难得看电影。He seldom if ever travels abroad.他到国外旅行，即使有过，也是极少的。注：有时ever后面还修饰有其他词语。如：The island is seldom if ever visited by ships.这个岛难得有船停靠。另外，它有时还可引出一个句子。如：If ever youre in Cambridge,do give me a ring.万一你来剑桥，一定要给我打电话。,类型六：if+notif not 可视为一个否定的条件状语从句省略。如：I might see you tomorrow.If not,then itll be Saturday.我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天，那就在周六。Ask her if it is a convenient time.If not,can she suggest another possible time?问问她那个时间方便不方便。要是不方便，那她可不可以提出一个可行的时间注：有时not还可修饰另一个词语。如：If not today,tomorrow Im sure youll get an answer.如果今天得不到回信，明天准能得到。This is one of the oldest buildings in town,if not the oldest.这是城里最古老的房屋之一，如果不是最古老的话。Usually,if not always,we write“cannot”as one word.我们即使不总是如此，也通常是把cannot作为一个词来拼写的。,类型七：if+soif so的意思是“如果是那样的话”。如：I may be free this evening.If so,Ill come round and see you.今晚我可能有空。要是有空我会过来看你。They must decide if such a plan can be implemented and if so,when.他必须决定这样的计划是否能实施，而且要是能实施的话，又得决定何时实施。注意以下if so与if not连用的情形：He may be busy.If so,Ill call later.If not,can I see him now?他可能忙，如是这样，我以后再来拜访。他如不忙，我现在可以见他吗?Will you be staying another night?If so,we can give you a better room.If not,could you be out of your room by 12:00?您要再往一晚吗?如果是这样，我们可以给您提供条件更好一点的房间。如果不是，您能在12点前离开这房间吗?,类型八：if need be 如果需要if need be为习语，其含义相当于if it is necessary(如果有必要的话)。如：I will come if need be.如有必要我会来。Ill work at night if need be.如果有必要我可以晚上工作。If need be we can always bring another car.如果有必要的话我们还可以再开一辆车来。,笑话。,A Useful Way Father:Jack,why do you drink so much water?Jack:I have just had an apple,Dad。Father:Whats that got to do with it?Jack:I forgot to wash the apple。一个有效的方法爸爸：杰克，你干嘛喝这么多水呀？杰克：我刚才吃了个苹果，爸爸。爸爸：可是这跟喝水有什么关系呢？杰克：我忘了洗苹果呀。,A Present Kate:Mom,do you know what Im going to give you for your birthday?Mom:No,Honey,what?Kate:A nice teapot。Mom:But Ive got a nice teapot。Kate:No,you havent.Ive just dropped it。凯特的礼物凯特：妈妈，你知道我要给你一件什么生日礼物吗？妈妈：不知道，宝贝，是什么呀？凯特：一把漂亮的茶壶。妈妈：可是我已经有一把漂亮的茶壶了呀。凯特：不，你没有了。我刚刚把它给摔了。,The Doctor Knows Better A man was hit by a cab in the street.He was brought to the hospital。His wife who was standing up by his bed,said to the doctor:I think that he is very ill.I am afraid that he is dead.said the doctor。Hearing this,the man moved his head and said:Im not dead.Im still alive.Be quiet,said the wife.the doctor knows better than you!医生懂得多一个男人在街上被出租车撞倒送进了医院。他的妻子站在他的床前对医生说：“我想他伤得很厉害。”医生说：“恐怕他已经死了。”听到医生的话，这个男人转动着头说：“我没死，我还活着。”妻子说：“安静，医生比你懂得多。”,Waste or Save Father:Oh,Jack,you have slept away the whole morning.Dontyou know you are wasting time?Jack:Yes,Dad.But Ive saved you a meal,havent I?浪费还是节约父亲：噢，杰克，你又睡了一上午。难道你不知道你这是在浪费时间吗？杰克：我知道，爸爸。可我还给您节省了一顿饭呢，是不是？,Why Is He Howling Dentist:Please stop howling.I havent even touched your toothyet。Patient:I know,but you are standing on my foot!他为什么喊牙医：请你不要再喊了！我还没碰你的牙呢。病人：我知道，可是你正踩着我的脚呀,Jack fell off his bicycle and got hurt.A beautiful young nurse asked him to fill forms.Jack finished them and gave them back.Anything else?The nurse asked.Yes,Jack thinks for a while and said,Im a bachelor.杰克骑车摔伤，得住院治疗。一位年轻美貌的护士拿着表格让填。仞杰克填好递上表格还有什么漏填的？护士问.有！杰克想了想说，我是个单身汉.,
