雅思语法1-句子成分与句子结构.ppt

,句子成分句 子 结 构,正确理解5种句子成分 英文里句子的组成成分细分起来主要有7种:主语、谓语、宾语(还有一种特例叫表语)、定语、状语、补语和同位语。其中，补语和同位语难度比较大，英文基础不太好的同学重点了解前5种就够了,2.1 主语主语是句子要说明的人或事物，可以由名词、代词、动名词(v.+ing)、动词不定式(to+v.)、what从句、that从句、how从句等组成。动词原形不能作主语。请阅读下面的句子，特别注意主语由何种成分组成。Some towns,cities,regions(区域)and countries seem to have better education than others.Fifty years ago in the UK,getting good grades and scoring high on tests were important but not critical(至关重要的)to life chances.,It is important to keep calm and carry on while working under pressure.(主语后置)It is certainly true that scientists are gaining a clearer understanding of the outer space thanks to many years of research and better data.(主语后置)主语后置，把that从句放到了句子后半部分，可以避免句子头重脚轻满分范文:“It is quite common these days for young people in many countries to have a break from studying after graduating from high school.”主语后置，避免了头重脚轻剑7范文:“It is true that sometimes the amount of money they are able to earn in a short time cannot be justified by the amount of work they do.”,2.2 谓语谓语说明主语的动作、状态或特征。谓语永远只能由动词构成。请阅读下面的句子，特别注意谓语由何种成分组成。Today many local and national newspapers carry advertisements and information about holidays.Spending time with other children and sharing experiences can make children more sociable(喜欢社交的).,2.3 宾语 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后。能作宾语的有名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式、that从句、what从句、how从句等。有一种特殊的宾语，就是当动词是be(am,is,are)动词时，be动词后面的名词或者形容词也可以叫做表语。请阅读下面的句子，特别注意宾语(或表语)由何种成分组成。Some adults use a computer for other purposes，such as getting information or emailing friends.A good writer does not just concentrate on the words，phrases and grammar that he/she uses，but his/her thoughts as well.,The world inside the school walls is different from the world outside those walls.(本句中的different为表语)The main concern is the type of computer activities that attract children.(本句中的the type of activities也是表语),2.4 定语 修饰名词的成分叫定语。最常用的定语就是形容词，还有一种用句子修饰名词的定语，就是定语从句了。请阅读下面的句子，特别注意定语由何种成分组成。Employees need to feel that they are doing valued and valuable work.In addition,the government should fund the parental(家长的)support.They are more important to our well一being and our future than the stars who earn their fortunes so quickly.(定语从句),2.5 状语 状语可修饰动词、形容词或者全句，可以由副词、介词短语、分词短语或者动词不定式构成。请阅读下面的句子，特别注意状语由何种成分组成。The majority of stars do not hold their top positions long.(剑7例句)They are generally more confident than children who stay at home with their parents.,2.6 补语 所谓补语，在IELTS作文里主要是宾补，即下面的这个结构:v+n.十n./adj.中的n./adj.部分。雅思口语中用到的补语结构特别多，但在雅思作文中，宾补结构则较为有限，一般只用来补充说明以下动词后的宾语:find/make/render,Many people find their rewards(回报)unfair,especially when comparing these salaries with those of top surgeons(外科医生)or research scientists.The recent graduates found the job market frustrating because of the economic recession(经济衰退).Some individuals are concerned the Internet will make/render international tourism obsolete(过时的).(请注意render后面加的宾补多为负面含义，如useless/powerless等),2.7 同位语 Social sciences,the sciences that deal with human life,came into being(形成)in Europe in the early nineteenth century.同位语就是一个名词的后面跟一个短语，解释说明这个名词，在雅思作文中体现的是一种要求并不太高的下定义能力。剑7范文:Job satisfaction，a very important part of an employees sense of wellbeing，can be promoted in most jobs.两个逗号之间-同位语,一：基本句型二：简单句到复杂句的扩展方法三：其他句型（存在）,一，基本句型,陈述对象+陈述内容主语+谓语谓语动词决定了一个句子的骨架结构启示：（1）分析复杂句时，先找谓语。（2）写句子时，要知道谓语动词的用法特点 写主体段的第一句话topic sentence和后面的分论点时常常用到简单句。希望大家不要不敢用简单句，其实很多时候简单句也有它的优势。例句:Employees get job satisfaction in a number of ways.The value of experiments is not limited to sciences.,句型一：主系表句型二：主谓句型三：主谓宾句型四：主谓宾宾句型五：主谓宾补,句型一：主语+系动词+表语,谓语动词特点：系动词的构成：(1)be动词(2)感官动词（seem,look,taste,sound)(3)其他系动词“变得”（appear,come,go,become，get),【练1/5】梦想已经实现。The dream has come true.,【练2/5】互联网是当今世界所有知识和信息的关键。（剑6,G,TB,W）Internet is the key.,【练3/5】传统的方法也许可以在未来被证明有经济价值。（剑3,T2,W）Methods prove valuable.,【练4/5】区域外的必需品进入当地市场变得更加容易。（剑7,T2,R）It is easier for goods to enter market.,【练5/5】老师的任务是协助学生应用这些于不自觉中所学到的知识，使它更便捷地被理解吸收（剑7，T1，R）The teachers task is to assist the students to apply what they learned paraconsciously,and in doing so to make it easily accessible to consciouseness.,句型二：主语+谓语,谓语动词特特点：不及物动词（本身意思完整，后面不需要宾语）【练1/4】第一印象很重要。The First impression counts/matters.,【练2/4】近年来政府对报纸的控制已经放松了。The control has loosened.,【练3/4】当焦点人物或其角色成员对他在某特定时段所担任角色的确切定义在思想上存在疑惑时，就出现了角色模糊。（剑3,T2,R）Role ambiguity results when.,【练4/4】这种态度已随着以下的认识而有所改变，即边缘社区尽管已部分地融入了一个名声在外，变幻莫测的全球经济体系中，但仍具有其生存能力和适应性。（剑3,T3,R）This attitude altered with the realization that.,句型三：主语+谓语+宾语,谓语动词特点：及物动词（后面带有宾语，表示作用的对象。）【练1/5】教育满足需要。Education meets/satisfies the demand/need.,【练2/5】美国的一项研究已表明气温和街头骚乱之间存在联系。（剑3,T3,R）Research shows a relationship.,【练3/5】每一个坚实的物体都能反射声音，其声音各不相同，视物体的大小和性质而定。Every solid object will reflect a sound,varying according to the size and nature of the object.,【练4/5】所有这些因素或许可以证明巨大的收入是合理的。（剑6,T2,W）Factors can justify earnings.,【练5/5】缺乏睡眠会危及免疫系统，干扰思考能力，导致沮丧，助长焦虑情绪，使人容易发怒。（剑5,G,TA,R）Lack of sleep can compromise the immune system,muddle thinking,cause depression,promote anxiety and encourage irritability.,句型四：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语,谓语动词特点：双宾动词：人+物短语搭配,He showed the guard his passport.I am going to buy her a gift.=I am going to buy a gift for her.,【练1/3】大学授予了我奖学金。The university gave/granted me a scholarship.,【练2/3】迈克尔向经理递交了一份申请书。Michael gave/presented the manager his application.,【练3/3】他还不让你有获取某些信息的机会。He has also denied you access to some information.,句型五：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语,谓语动词特点：宾补动词：appoint,find,keep,make,prove,believe,think),They appointed John chairman.主 谓 宾 宾补（名词做宾补）A hedge between keeps friendship green.主 谓 宾 宾补(adj.)保持距离，友谊常青。（君子之交淡如水。）,【练1/3】许多人觉得他们的回报不公平。（剑6,T2,W）Many people think their reward unfair.,【练2/3】技术时代的到来使知识更加重要.The advent/coming of technology makes knowledge more important/crucial.,【练3/3】这些技巧会帮助他们在未来成为更有价值的员工。（剑3，T3,W）These skills will make them more valuable employees in the future.,练习：找主干进行翻译,【练1/2】在经济全球化的时代，许多跨国公司更愿意雇佣有留学背景的人。【练2/2】坐在电视机前的30分钟时间里，我就可以广泛迅速地获取从重大的国内事件、工农业上的最新发展到最新的国际形式等信息。-（媒体话题）,