虚拟语气在条件从句中.ppt

一、虚拟语气在条件从句中的运用,1、混合虚拟条件句中，主句与从句时间上不一致，从句可以与过去时间相反，主句可以与现在事实相反。如：If I had watched carefully enough，I should do the experiment successfully.如果我观察得足够仔细，实验会顺利进行。,2、without，with，but for，otherwise，but等介词短语可构成含蓄条件句。如：Without water，there would be no life.没有水就没有生命。,3、if引导的虚拟条件句的谓语动词中含有had，should，were时，可将if省略，而将had，should，were置于句首，采用倒装语序，而句意不变。,复习虚拟语气时请注意以下几点,二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用,1、用于宾语从句中（1）“wish+宾语人句”意为“但愿”。从句谓语动词如下表：,（2）suggest，insist，request，demand，order等表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等含义时，动词后面宾语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”（should可省略）。特例：这些动词的宾语从句是否使用虚拟语气，要看动词的词义、句子所表达意义而定。如果句子的意思说明事情尚未做或应该去做，从句才使用虚拟语气；如果说话人在陈述事实，就要根据实际情况使用恰当的时态：He insisted that the conference should be put off till the next month.他坚持把会议推迟到下个月。He insisted that he had done nothing wrong.他坚持说他没做错事。He suggested that Mr Smith be invited to the party.他建议邀请史密斯先生到会。His pale look suggested that he was in poor health.苍白的面色表明他身体状况不佳。注意：上述动词的名词形式可带有表语从句、同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词也用“should+动词原形”（should可省略）。如：My suggestion is that we try the experiment another way.我的建议是我们用另一种方式做实验。,三、虚拟语气在其他句型中的运用,2、用于主语从句，从句的谓语动词为“（should）+动词原形”，should可省略。主要句型有：It is necessary/important/strange/natural等+that从句It is a pity/a shame/no wonder+that从句It is requested that all the books be delivered to each school as soon as possible.要求把书尽快送到每个学校。,1、用于as if，as though，even if引导的表 语从句或状语从句中，从句谓语动词形式相同于wish后的宾语从句谓语动词形式。2、用于Its（high）time that句型，谓语动词为过去式。3、用于would，rather后的从句中，谓语动词形式分别为：had+过去分词（表示过去的动作）或过去式（表示现在或将来的动作）。4、用于目的状语从句中，由 so that，in order that连接。从句谓语动词形式为“may/might/can/could+动词原形”。,练习题1,1、Look at the trouble I am in!If only I _ your advice.A followed B would follow C had followed D should follow2、It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A wouldnt have fallen B had not fallenC should fall D were to fall3、_ be sent to work there?A Who do you suggestB Who you suggest that shouldC Do you suggest who shouldD Do you suggest whom should4、How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden!A has B had C will have D had had5、He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，otherwise he _ a goal.A had scored B scoredC would score D would have scored 6、What would have happened _，as far as the river bank?A Bob had walked farther B if Bob should walk fartherC had Bob walked farther D if Bob walked farther,1、解析：C 本题考查if only 的用法，表示遗憾，意思是“要是多好！”。,复习时请参看希望英语第二册第3、4、5单元的第32、45、58页。,2、解析：B 本题考查条件句中虚拟语气的用法。根据句意和I would be doing可以判断这是虚拟语气。at the age of seven 是表示过去的时间状语，if从句中的谓语要用had not fallen，表示对过去情况的假设。,3、解析：A 本题考查虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。suggest（建议）后接宾语从句时，从句的谓语动词要用should do/be done或do/be done。,4、解析：B 本题考查wish后宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法。与现在事实相反，从句的谓语要用一般过去时。,5、解析：D 本题考查含蓄条件句中虚拟语气的用法。全句意为“在踢球前他犹豫了一会儿，否则他就会射中球门”。otherwise与虚拟语气连用，表示过去发生的事要用would have scored。,6、解析：C 本题考查省略if的倒装虚拟条件句。全句意为“如果鲍勃走得远一点，走到岸边，会发生什么事呢？”根据主句的谓语动词would have happened，可以断定要用虚拟语气；而当条件状语从句中if省略时，要倒装。,1、If only my grandpa _ this together with us now！A had seen B could seeC must see D should see,2、If it _ for the snow，we _ the mountain yesterday.A were not；could have climbedB were not；could climbC hadnt been；could have climbedD hadnt been；could climb,3、Why didnt you buy the book？I _ but Mother _ allow me.A would；didnt B would have；didntC had had；wouldnt D had bought；hadnt,4、_ I would go there myself.A Were I you B I were youC If I had been you D Had I been you,5、I didnt know his telephone number，otherwise I _ him.A had telephoned B would telephoneC would have telephoned D telephone,6、William Tell was a brave man.Yes，I wish I _ his courage.A have B will have C had D would have,7、His smiling face suggested that he _ really satisfied with all this.A had been B was C be D should be,8、Mr.Smith insisted that he _ the work all by himself，but nobody believed him.A had done B have doneC did D so,1、B If only表示“要是就好了、但愿”，常接虚拟语气的句子。本句说的是现在的情况，用了情态动词的过去时加动词原形。A项时态不对；C、D两项不合题意。,2、C 本题考查条件句中虚拟语气的用法。Yesterday是表示过去的时间状语，if从句中的谓语要用hadnt been，主句中的谓语要用could have climbed。,3、B 答句中为对过去虚拟的主句，表示“本来会买的”，but后面是过去的事，暗指虚拟条件句if mother had allowed me。,4、A 本题为对现在情况的虚拟条件句，有时条件句的if可以去掉，改为倒装形式。若选用B，条件句缺连词；选C、D两项是对过去情况的虚拟条件，与本题不符。,5、C 这是个暗示条件的对过去情况虚拟的句子，前句暗示if I had known his telephone number，后面主句是“would+完成时”。A、B、D三项都不符合题目要求。,6、C wish后面的宾语从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气。此时宾语从句中的谓语动词可有三种形式：（1）表示过去没有能实现的愿望，用“had+V-ed”形式，如：I wish I had seen you yesterday（but in fact I didnt）（2）表示现在不能实现的愿望，用“动词过去式”，如本题考查的正是这一点，即“我要是有他那种勇气就好了（即我现在不能和他一样）”（3）表示对将来的愿望，用“would/should+动词原形”。注意的是，宾语从句中用何种谓语形式，应由宾语从句所表示的时间来决定，而不能由wish的时态形式来决定。,7、B 本题中suggest意为“说明，暗示”，其宾语从句按正常情况处理，故不选C；A项时态不符合题意。,8、A 当insist的意思有“硬说一件事实”，后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气，用符合实际情况的时态。B、C、D三项的时态不对。,练习题1,9、Did you go with them？No,I was very busy,but I would have gone if I _.A had been B hadntC wasnt D was,10、The officer ordered that the damaged bridge _ before dawn.A must be repaired B would be repairedC be repaired D should have been repaired,11、What would you do if you _ to meet with bad weather？A were B are going C have D are,12、If there is no homework to do，we should have _.A much happier timeB a much happier timeC a more happier timeD much happy time,13、His new job required that he _ at the office before 7:00.A be B was C is D would be,14、Have you visited the science Museum？No，but I really wish I _.A had B did C have D will,15、Its high time that we _.A start B started C starts D have started,9、B 与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用had done。,10、C 本题考查虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。order（命令）后接宾语从句时，从句的谓语动词要用should do/be done或do/be done。,11、A 这是一个对将来情况进行虚拟假设的主从句。B、C、D三项与句子的上下文意义不通。,12、B 本题为对现在情况的虚拟语气，should在第一人称情况下和would同义。A项没有冠词；C项犯“双重比较”的错误；D项中，much不修饰happy的原级。,13、A 动词required后面的宾语从句谓语为should加动词原形，或省去should的动词原形。B、C、D三项均不符合要求。,14、A 本题考查wish后宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法。与过去事实相反，从句的谓语要用过去完成时。,15、B 在“Its high time that”句型中，that从句的谓语用虚拟语气形式行为动词的一般过去式，be动词用were。,