英语语法第三讲代词、it的用法和连词.ppt

语法专题复习,第三讲代词、it的用法和连词,代词考点透析1人称代词的主格、宾格、两种物主代词及反身代词,人称代词的主格在句中作主语，宾格作宾语，形容词性物主代词作定语，即其后必须有一个名词，名词性物主代词在句中的作用相当于一个名词，可作主语、宾语、表语等，其后没有名词。反身代词在主语、宾语、表语后做这些成分的同位语，意为“亲自”、“亲眼”、“某某本人”。在语法填空中，这个知识点出现的频率相当高。如：,It was John himself that put him in trouble.You can believe me.I saw it myself.My bag is bigger than yours.,2one，ones，the one，that，those可以代替前面出现的名词以避免重复。onea名词单数，the onethe名词单数，thatthe名词单数。ones，those代前面的名词复数，thosethe名词复数。one，ones前可以有形容词修饰。如：,I dont like this skirt.I like the red one.Im planning to buy a house.Id like one with a garden.The population in Guangzhou is bigger than that in Changsha.I prefer the apples in the basket to those in the box.,3none，nothing，nobody(no one)的区别。none既可指人，也可指物，且表特指概念，回答how many、how much等问题；nobody(no one)只能指人，且表泛指概念，常回答who引起的问题；nothing只能指物，常回答what引起的问题。另外，no one后不带of短语，none后可带of短语。,4few，a few，quite a few，many修饰可数名词，little，a little，quite a little，much修饰不可数名词。5another泛指另一个，the other特指两个中的另一个，others泛指“其他”，后不带名词，other后带名词复数，the others指特定范围中其他的人或物，后不带名词。,This coat doesnt fit me.Will you show me another?Thirty students in our class are girls,and the others are boys.,6注意下列句型：One.The other.一个另一个Some.，others.，and still others.有的有的还有的7not 与all，everybody，everyone，everything等连用，或“not every名词”结构，都表示部分否定。如：Not all the students agree with this opinion.并非每个学生都同意这个观点。Not everyone is interested in football.并不是每个人都对足球感兴趣。All the boys dont like smoking.不是每个男孩都喜欢吸烟。,it 的用法考点透析一、代词 it的用法以及它与one，that 的辨析是高考题的热点，应掌握下面的要点。,（1）it 为特指,代单数可数名词,一般代替一个具体的事物,不带修饰成分。a.用作人称代词,代替前文提到的事物Whats this？Its a pen.b.代替指示代词this,thatc.表示时间、天气、距离、季节、明暗等How far is it to New York？Its 400 kilometers.,（2）one a.泛指,代前面出现过的名词单数,避免重复。（用ones代替前面出现过的复数名词）。可用this/that/each/which及形容词修饰,也可与冠词连用,或带后置定语。如:He has no child,and he wants to adopt one.他没有孩子,想认养一个。b.作不定代词时,可以泛指人。意为;“一个人,一种人”。如:One should do ones duty.人人应该尽责。比较：There was a piano in the shop,so I decided to buy it at once.(it 特指上文出现的piano，与piano是同一事物)I wanted to buy a house and Id like one with a garden.(one=a house),There are many good flats for you to choose.Would you like to buy one?(one=a flat，one 指many good flats中的一个)（3）that 代单数可数名词或代不可数名词,只可带后置定语。此处that只能代替物,不能代替人。those可指人，也可指物。在比较状语从句中,特指前面提到的同一类东西。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.北京的人口多于上海。,二、引导词it(1)it指时间时的重要句型aIt is(high)time(that)主语should do/did sth.It is(high)time that this problem was solved.bIt is.since.It is two years since he came to work in this city.cIt be.before.It will be three years before we can meet again.,(2)it可做引导词，在句中做形式主语、形式宾语。it 做形式主语的常用句型 aIt is/wasadj.for/of sb.to do sth.It was difficult for her to move so heavy a box.bIt is/wasadj.that.It was clear that he was lying to us.cIt isv.edthat.It is reported that our team has won the gold medal.,dIt seems/appears/happens that.It seemed that he had known the truth.It so happened that I was standing at the gate when the guests arrived.eIt matters/doesnt matter that/wheatherIt matters a lot whether he will agree to our plan.fIt is no use/no good/no harm doing sth.Its no good arguing with him.,(3)it做形式宾语的常用句型(S代主语，V代谓语动词)aSVitadj./n.to do sth.We consider it a great honor to be able to host the 2008 Olympic Games.bSVitadj./n.doing sth.They find it no use searching the empty house.Do you consider it any good trying again?c主语谓语itthat/when.I dont like it when you shout at me.,(4)强调句：It is/was被强调成分who/that.如下列句子中可对四处划线部分进行强调。We saw Tom in the park yesterday.It was we who/that saw Tom in the park yesterday.(强调人，可用who或that)It was Tom whom/that we saw in the park yesterday.It was in the park that we saw Tom yesterday.It was yesterday that we saw Tom in the park.注意：1.It is.that 不能用来强调谓语动词，强调动词要用“do动词原形”。,如：Do come early tomorrow.(明天一定要早点来)The little boy did work out the problem.(小男孩的确做出了那个题目)2强调时间、地点、某个事物时都要用that，而不能用when、where、which。,连词考点透析1however另起新句，有逗号与句子隔开。but不需另起新句，while既表示对比，又表转折。He was ill，but he still kept on working.他病了，可他还是坚持工作。What she said sounded reasonable，Mr.Green，however，didnt believe her.她说的有道理，然而，格林先生就是不信她。There is plenty of rain in the south while there is little rain in the north.南方多雨而北方少雨。,2because，since，as，for的用法(见模块复习)3as.，when，while，since的用法(见复合句)4It istime before.(见复合句)It wont be a month before we can meet again.5“一就”的多种表达方式as soon ashardly.when.no sooner.than.scarcely.when.,immediately/instantly the moment/the minute/the secondHardly had he entered the hall when it began to rain heavily.他一走进大厅就下大雨了。I will set out to solve the problem the moment I come back.我一回来就会立马着手解决这个问题。,6熟记各类并列连词(1)联合类：and，both.and，as well as，neither.nor，not only.but also(2)选择类：or，or else，otherwise，either.or(3)转折类：but，still，however，yet，while，when(4)因果类 so，for，and therefore,Come here on time tomorrow morning，otherwise/or you will miss a good chance.明早一定按时来，否则你会失去一个好机会。I have a lot to do this evening，so I cant go shopping with you.今晚我有许多事要做，所以不能陪你去购物了。Neither Tom nor his father could speak Chinese.汤姆和他父亲都不会说汉语。,祝,您,学业有成,