英语语法之时态(第六组).ppt

英语语法 之时 态,第六组（肖连涛、石敏、闫信闵、刘艳、彭丹),时 态(肖连涛),现在 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时过去 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时将来 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时,观 念 入 门,时态的意义时态的种类及形势如何运用时态时态与时间未必成一对一的关系,时 态 的 意 义,I watch television every day.I watched television every day.因时间之不同而形成之变化,即为动词之时态,时态的种类及形势,三时 四方面 现 在 过 去 将 来 一般 He workers He worked He will work He is He was He will 现在 working working working He has He had He will have 完成 worked worked worked He has been He had been He will have 完成进行 working working been working,如 何 运 用 时 态,该动词发生的时间是过去?现在?或将来?该动词的动作到某一点时间已经完成?或还在进行?,时态与时间未必成一对一的关系,(A)一般现在时的动词可以表示现在、过去或将来，如：He lives in Beijing now.表示现在 He sells newspapers and magazines.表示现在、过去、将来 He leaves for Japan next week.表示将来(B)一般过去时的动词可以表示现在、过去或将来，如：If I had money now,I would buy the house.表示现在 He bought a car last week.表示过去 He might visit us tomorrow.表示将来我们也可以用不同的时态，来表示相同的时间，如：leaves is leaving He for Japan next week.表示将来 will leave is going to leave complains all the time.She 表示现在 is always complaining.,The Simple Past Tense一般过去时石敏,过去发生的而现在已经结束的动作，要用一般过去时。,一、基本用法：,1.表示过去某个时间所发生或存在的状态。He was at home yesterday.I got up at thirty yesterday morning.I visited my aunt weekend.2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。My father often went to work by bus last year.When I was a child,I often listened to music.He always carried an umbrella.,二、常与一般过去时态连用的时间有Yesterday,The other day,just nowLast night（week,month,year.）Two days ago,a week ago,here years agoIn 1990.When I was 5 years ago.,三、be动词的过去时：,肯定句 主语 be动词的过去式（.was,were）否定句 主语 be动词的过去式（was,were）疑问句 be动词的过去式（was,were）主语？He was busy yesterday.He was not busy yesterday.Was he busy yesterday?,四、实义动词的过去时：,肯定句 主语 动词的过去式（.was,were）否定句 主语 did not动词原形（was,were）疑问句 Did 主语动词原形?He played tennis last week.He did not play tennis last week.Did he play tennis last week.,Exercise,Find the mistakes and correct them：1.I carryed an umbrella yesterday.carried2.Does your uncle see a film last week？Did 3.They dont played badminton yesterday morning.didnt play4.We go to the museum last month.went,万记动词过去时态,动词一般过去时，表示过去发生的事；be用was或用were,have,has变had；谓语动词过去式，过去时间坐标志；一般动词加 ed，若是特殊得硬记。否定句很简单，主语之后didnt添；疑问句也不难，did放在主语前；如果谓语之前有did，谓语动词需还原；动词若是was，were,否定就把not添。,The Simple Future Tense（闫信闵）,一般将来时,我们除了用“be going to动词原形”可以表示一般将来时外，我们还可以用“will动词原形”来表示一般将来时,will 引导的一般将来时:表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，最基本的结构：will+动词原形“主谓（宾）句型”的一般将来时：肯定句：主语+will+动词原形+（宾语）+其他 Some day people will go to the moon.否定句：在will 的后面加not即可。will not 可缩写为 wont They wont use books.一般疑问句：把will 提到句子主语之前，结尾变问号。Will students go to school in the future?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+will+主语+动词原形+其他？What will your dream school have?,“There be”句型的一般将来时肯定句：There will be+名词+其他成份注意：无论后面加单数名词或复数形式，be都必须用原形。There will be only one country.否定句：在will后面加not.There wont be only one country.一般疑问句：把will提到there之前。Will there be only one country?Yes,there will./No,there wont.注意：在口语中，所有人称都可以用will.,一般将来时的主要用法：,1、表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态：We will come to see you the day after tomorrow.There will be a wonderful show next week.2、表示将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态：The students will come and work in the lab once a week.We will come and work in this factory every year.,例句：,.I will call you this evening.2.Students will use computers to learn in the future.3.He will help his sister with her lessons.4.We wont be free（空闲的）this afternoon.5.She will not listen to me.6.The birds wont fly away to the south when the weather turns cold.7.There will be a strong wind soon8.I will not tell it to him.9.I think it will be very hot in Beijing next summer.10.He will use his pen and his calculator.11.Will there be heavy rain and strong winds?,will句式总结:,一般将来时两种基本句式的区别：,在初中阶段来讲，”be going to+动词原形”和“will+动词原形”这两种表示将来时态的结构没什么区别。但在现代英语中，特别是在口语中，表示将来时多用“be going to+动词原形”这一形式。另外他们主要区别在于“be going to+动词原形”表示一个事先考虑好的意图，相当于“打算、计划、准备”，而will则表示未经事先考虑的意图。,Functional Practise：,.hope that you a good time this evening.A.have B.are having C.will have D.has2.Look at those big black clouds.It rain.Lets hurry.A.must B.will C.would D.is going to,注意：will与be going to的区别，be going to可以表示明显将要发生的情况,3.There a basketball match this afternoon.A.will have B.will be C.has D.have 4.We to the park if it is fine tomorrow.A.will go B.go C.goes D.to go,C,D,B,A,现在完成时(刘艳),现在完成时表示到说话时为止（或到现在为止）已经发生或完成了（不一定结束）的动作或状态。现在完成时句式有肯定句式、否定句式、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。现在完成时常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。,句型构成,基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词1、肯定句中：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词 2、否定句中：主语+havent/hasnt+动词的过去分词 3、一般疑问句中：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词 4、特殊疑问句中：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）（1）强调动作是从过去持续到现在，并有可能继续持续下去。（2）强调对现在的影响或结果，此用法容易和一般过去时混淆。两者的区别是：一般过去时有动作发生的时间点，即过去某一时间发生某一动作；现在完成时则没有，即不强调是哪个时间点发生的动作，而强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。（3）在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作，但是结果对现在有影响。但过去分词一定要选择准确。时间状语：recently,lately,since.for.,in the past few years。etc.yet.never.ever.次数,用法注意,1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，（如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon）等，除非与for,since连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用如already（肯定），yet（否定，疑问），just,before,recently,still,lately,never等：He has already obtained a scholarship.I havent seen much of him recently(lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet?3.现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,on several occasion等：Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times.It is still good.George has met that gentleman on several occasions.,4.现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如now,up to these few days/weeks/months/years,this morning/week/month/year,just,today,up to present,so far等：Peter has written six papers so far.Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.Up to the present everything has been successful.5.现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.We have had four texts this semester.6.现在完成时的完成用法现在完成时的完成用法指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。（动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况-灯现在不亮了。）现在完成时完成用法的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语（如：already，yet，before，recently等）、频度时间状语（如：never，ever，once等）、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语（如：this morning/month/year.，today等）连用。例如：Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？,7.现在完成时的未完成用法现在完成时的未完成用法指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。（动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。）I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。（动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。）此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语（由since或for引导），或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语（如：up to now，so far）等。例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。注意：（1）现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。8.一段时间+has passed+since从句9.现在完成时常和短语 up to now/till now,so far（意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在)连用。Up to/till now hes read many story books.至今他已读过好多故事书。Ive been to New York three times so far.至今我已到纽约去过三次。has gone(to),has been(to),has been(in)的区别has gone to：去了没回has been to：去过has been in：呆了很久10.不能与when连用11.不可以与一般过去时的定义混淆,一般现在时态的总结和用法(彭丹）,一般现在时 定义:一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。构成：一般现在时用行为动词的原形，但第三人称单数作主语时，动词的词尾要加-S。（一般的动词词尾+S。以sh/ch/s/x结尾的词+es.以辅音字母Y结尾的把Y变成i，+es。辅音字母+o结尾的+es.)形式:主语+动词原形+宾语 用法：1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。2.表示主语具备的性格、能力和特征。3.表示现在的状态。,4.表示客观事实和普遍真理。5.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。6.表示预先计划或安排好的行为。7.小说故事用一般现在时代替一般过去时。8.有些表示状态和感觉的动词表示现在发生的具体行为时，只用一般现在时，而不用进行时态。9.表示现在发生的具体动作或存在的状态,一般现在时的用法：（1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语：always,usually,regularly,every morning/night/evening/day/week,often,sometimes,occasionally,from time to time,twice a week,rarely,seldom,once a month hardly ever,never.I leave home for school at 7 every morning.（2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.（3)表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.,（4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I dont want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me,I switch on the current and stand back.第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。,（5).表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的事。He starts next week.他下个星期出发。We leave very soon.我们很快就离开。The train starts at 10 oclock in the morning.火车将在早上10点开出。这类用法限于表示“移动”的动词：go去，come来，leave离开，start出发，begin开始，arrive到达，take off起飞，等。,一般现在时Be动词情况 am,is,are也可以做一般现在时的助动词 例如:I am a student.一般现在时表将来:（1）下列动词：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return,live,fly的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.When does the bus start?It starts in ten minutes.（2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.There goes the bell.=The bell is ringing.（3）在时间或条件句中。When Bill comes(不是will come),ask him to wait for me.Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.,（4）在动词hope,take care that,make sure that等后。I hope they have a nice time next week.Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.基本形式(以do为例):主动态:do 被动态:be done 过去时:did 第三人称单数形式:does,THANK YOU!OVER!,