英语语法主谓一致.ppt

主谓一致,主谓一致是指：,1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。The number of students in our school is 1,700.Mary and Kelly look alike.2）意义上要一致，The crowd were running for their lives.单数形式代表复数内容的词有people、staff、police、cattle等。形复意单的单词有news、works（工厂）、means和以ics结尾的学科名称physics、politics、economics等。3）就近原则，例如：There is much water in the thermos.Not onlybut also,Neithernor,Either or,就远原则-谓语动词与前面的主语一致,当主语有with,together with,along with,as well as,combined with,accompanied by,including,rather than,but、except、besides、in addition to等词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如：教师和一些学生在参观工厂。The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.他和我想去划船。He as well as I wants to go boating.,谓语需用单数,1）当主语是国名,机构名,宗教,军队,书籍时，谓语动词常用单数。例如：The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.The Navy accepts people of 18 years or older.2）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。例如：Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.,3)不定代词each、every、no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时,如：Each boy and each girl in my class has a dictionary.4)如果主语有more than one，或many a one and a half构成，从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词用单数形式。More than one student has seen the play.Many a boy has bought that kind of toy.特例“more+复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语用复数。,5）a series of a portion of a species of a kind of a chain of a piece of a set ofRecently a series of accidents has occurred on highways.6)名词所有格之后的名词被省略作主语时，动词一般用单数。My uncles is not for from here.常见的省略名词有the bakers、the barbers、the Zhangs等。特例表示店铺的名词用作主语时，谓语用复数。如：Richardsons have a lot of old goods to sell.,7）动名词、不定式、从句做主语时Learning English is a hard job.To be successful needs efforts.What we need is more money.,谓语动词一定是复数,1)一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如glasses、clothes、trousers、shoes、compasses、chopsticks、scissors等。但如果主语用a kind of、a pair of、a series of等加名词构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。A pair of shoes was on the desk.,谓语动词一定是复数,2)如果主语由“the+形容词（或分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数。这类词有the rich、the poor、the brave、the injured、the living、the wounded等。指人如表抽象的也可以用单数，如the unknown、the beautiful等。3）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。The crowd were running for their lives.单数形式代表复数内容的词有people、police、staff、cattle等。,谓语的单复数视情况而定,1）代词what,who,none,some,any,more,most,all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如：All is right.All are present.2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family,audience,crew,crowd,class,company,committee、police等例如：His family isnt very large.His family are music lovers.提醒集合名词people,police，staff,cattle等在任何情况下都用复数形式。,3）单复数同形原本单数形式的A sheep is over there.Some sheep are over there.Chinese、Japanese 原本复数形式的单、复数同形means、works、species,4）并列结构作主语时,Reading and writing are very important.The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.The League secretary and monitor is asked to make a speech at the meeting.注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示单一的概念，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。Truth and honesty is the best policy.To love and to be loved is the great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.When and where has not yet been decided.,5）“分数或百分数+名词”由“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a large quantity of,half of，part of+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致如：Lots of damage was caused by flood.A number of students have gone to the countryside.,特别注意：,Each，one of,