英语语法-非谓语.ppt

welcome,非谓语动词（复习）NON-FINITE VERBS,近五年非谓语动词在高考中的复现率,一、形式,二、功能,to do,to be doing,to have done,to be done,to have been done,doing,having done,being done,having been done,done,现在分词与动名词的基本形式你知道吗？,那么简单，谁不知道。是由动词末尾加-ing 形式构成，因此又叫动词的-ing 形式。V+-ing,千万要注意V-ing形式的 规则:,不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化。,三、功能比较,（一）不定式、动名词做主语的区别：,1、动名词充当的主语一般表示抽象的、一般的、经常性的行为。,不定式表特定、具体的行为，特别是表将来的或一次性的行为。,2、在某些结构中，做主语的动名词和不定式是特定的，一般不能随意替换：,1）在句子主语和表语同时使用非限定动词时，两者必须一致，不能交叉使用。,eg.Seeing is believing.,To learn is to use.,2)在含有no这一否定词的句子里，一般用动名词作主语，但含not的句子则用不定式作主语。,eg.It is no good drinking so much.,It is not easy to find a job.,3)“疑问词+不定式“作主语时，不定式不能用动名词替换。,eg.What to do next hasnt been decided.,（二）不定式、动名词作宾语的区别：,1、动名词表示一般的、经常性的行为，不定式表示特定的、具体的行为。,eg.I like swimming,but I dont like to swim today.,2、一般介词后面不可用不定式作宾语，（except,but除外）,eg.He has no choice but to lie down and sleep.,I hate the kind of person who does nothing but look on.,3、及物动词后一般可用动名词或不定式作宾语，但,1)advise,consider(考虑),enjoy,escape,excuse,delay,deny,dislike,finish,keep,include,miss,mind,practise,stand(忍受),suggest(建议),risk,imagine,admit,cant help+doing,2)agree,dare,decide,hope,determine,elect,choose,expect,fail,long,manage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,wish+to do,4、有些及物动词可接动名词和不定式，但意义不同。,rememberforgetregret,stopgo on,try mean,needwantrequire,（三）非谓语动词作表语的区别：,eg.Our plan is to finish the work at once.,Her job was looking after the pigs.,His report is interesting.,The cups are broken.,说明其具体内容,说明其具体内容,表示其性质、特征，与主语有主谓关系,表示其所处的状态，与主语有动宾关系,多表将来,无时间性，可与主语换位,表当时,表当时或过去,名 词,名 词,形容词,形容词,（四）非谓语动词作定语的区别：,总是位于其后,多位于其前,或前或后,或前或后,多有动宾关系（vi.+介词）,表示其性能、用途,多有主谓关系,vt.有动宾关系,多表将来,无时间性,表进行中,多表完成,不定式,eg.a meeting to be held tomorrow,a meeting being held now,a meeting held yesterday,a sleeping car,a sleeping boy,a room to live in,a broken cup,（五）分词、不定式作补语的区别：,有主谓关系,有主谓关系,有动宾关系,表已完成；一次性动作,正在进行；延续性动词,已完成，多表状态,注：、keep后只能用分词作宾补，不能用不定式,eg.Im sorry Ive kept you waiting.,2、接不带to的不定式做宾补的动词有：see,watch,notice,observe,look at,hear,listen to,feel,have,let make,（六）不定式和分词作状语的区别：,不定式作状语通常表示目的、结果、程度及形容词后状语。,分词作状语表示时间、条件、原因、或伴随方式。,eg.To get there on time I got up very early.,Guided by the Party,he found the right way.,Being very small,computers are widely used.,You are brave enough to raise objections at meeting.,非谓语动词对比练习 Dec.5,20011.He wants _(clean)the house.2.The house wants _(clean).3.He needs _(repair)his bike.4.His bike needs _(repair).5.He advised _(make)an experiment.6.He advised us _(make)an experiment.7.They are considering _(travel)all over the country.They are considering how _(travel)all over the country.,to clean,cleaning,to repair,repairing,making,to make,traveling,to travel,9.Try _(knock)at the back door if no one hears you at the front door.10.He tried _(escape)but failed.11.She couldnt help me _(work)out the problem.12.She couldnt help _(laugh)on hearing the good news.13.I meant _(help)you,but I couldnt.14.To do such a thing means _(waste)time.15.I remember _(see)him somewhere before.16.Please remember _(close)the door when you leave.,knocking,to escape,to work,laughing,to help,wasting,seeing,to close,17.I regret _(miss)the good chance.18.I regret _(say)that Im too busy to help you.19.The teacher made me _(answer)the question at once.20.I was made _(answer)the question at once.21.He suggested _(go)for a picnic.22.He suggested that we _(go)for a picnic.23.Would you like _(swim)with me?24.I like _(swim),but I dont like _(swim)today.25.He prefers _(watch)TV to _(see)films.,missing,to say,answer,to answer,going,go,to swim,swimming,to swim,watching,seeing,26.He prefers _(watch)TV than _(see)films.27.When class began,they all stopped _(talk).28.When they met in the street,they stopped _(talk)for a while.29.After the rain,we went on _(work)in the field.30.After he had learned English,he went on _(learn)German.31.He used to _(get)up early when he was in the army.32.He is used to _(work)with the radio on.33.Computers are used _(teach)English in our school now.,to watch,see,talking,to talk,working,to learn,get,working,to teach,34.Everybody was _(surprise)at the _(surprise)news.35.There was a _(frighten)look on his face when he heard the _(frighten)noise.36.What you said was _(please)to us.37.We are much _(please)with what you have said.38.China is a _(develop)country while the U.S.A.is a _(develop)one.39.We swept the _(fall)leaves in spite of the _(fall)rain.40._(see)from the top of the mountain,Wuzhou looks more beautiful.,surprised,surprising,frightened,frightening,pleasing,pleased,developing,developed,fallen,falling,Seen,_(see)the policeman coming,the thief ran away quickly.42.He is very lazy and he often has his clothes _(wash).43.He is so lazy that he often has his mother _(wash)his clothes.44.The teacher had me _(take)the rubbish away.45.The father had his son _(stand)as a punishment.46.The children themselves had to make a house _(live)in.This made me _(feel)very sad.,Seeing,washed,wash,take,standing,to live,feel,47.The boy is always _(worry)his mother by not working hard.48.The boy is always _(worry)about his mothers health.49.They are _(seat)means They are _(sit).50.A _(lose)child means a _(miss)child.,worrying,worrid,seated,sitting,lost,missing,To teach is my job.,We like to play football.,Your task is to clean the classroom.,Do you have anything to say,I come here to borrow a book,I asked Tom to help me.,Swimming is a good sport.,I dont like smoking.,My job is teaching English.,That is our reading room.,The cup is broken.,We should respect working people.,Singing a song,they went home happily.,Ill have my bike repaired.,谢谢指导！,