英语语法-直接引语和间接引语.ppt

Direct speech and indirect speech（直接引语和间接引语）,中央广播电视大学开放本科课程英语3,直接引语：直接引述别人的话。一般前后要用引号。间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。不用引号。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。eg.The boy said,“I can speak English and Chinese very well.”Mary said that Tom had worked there two years ago.,概 念,直接引语与间接引语,直接引语与间接引语可以相互转换。直接引语转换成间接引语时，要考虑直接引语含有的四种情况：陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、祈使句。同时，直接引语转换成间接引语时，直从句中有六个方面要作相应的变化：人称的变化、时态的变化、时间状语的变化、指示代词的变化、地点状语的变化、动词的变化。,一直接引语是陈述句,直接引语转换成间接引语时，用连词that引导。（that 在口语中常省略）eg.Joan said,“I have finished my homework.”Joan said(that)she had finished her homework.,二直接引语是一般疑问句,转化成间接引语时,要用连词whether,if 引导。后跟陈述句语序。(whether可与or not 连用，表示一种选择。而if 则不可。)主句中的谓语是said一般疑问句时，要改为asked。没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语（me,him,us etc.）eg。The teacher said,“Are you reading English?”The teacher asked(me)if I was reading English.,三 直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接疑问句时，仍用原来的疑问词引导。间接特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词和陈述句语序连接起来。（当疑问词作主语时，连接疑问句的语序不变。）The old man asked,“What are you looking for?”The old man asked(me)what I was looking for.He asked,“Who did it?”He asked who had done it.,四 直接引语是祈使句,直接引语若为祈使句（通常表示命令，请求，建议等），变为间接引语时，常构成简单句型：引述动词 ask/tell/order/advise/warm/remind/etc+名（代）词宾语+（not）to do something如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加上not.其中引述动词根据说话者的语气来确定。eg.“Remember to switch off all the lights,”she said.She reminded me to switch off all the lights.,1 人称的变化,直接引语转换成间接引语时，人称要作相应的变化。第一人称 改为 第三人称第二人称 改为 第一人称第三人称 不变 第三人称He said,“I am afraid I cant finish the work.”He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish the work.,2 时态的变化,直接引语 转换成 间接引语一般现在时 改为 一般过去时现在进行时 改为 过去进行时一般将来时 改为 过去将来时将来进行时 改为 过去将来进行时将来完成（进行）时 改为 过去将来完成（进行）时现在完成（进行）时 改为 过去完成（进行）时一般过去时 改为 过去完成时过去完成（进行）时 不变 过去完成（进行）时,For example:,He said,“I have read ten books since I worked here.”He said he had read ten books since he had worked there.The teacher said,“Columbus discovered America in 1492.”The teacher said that Columbus discovered America in 1492.,注意：,直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。eg.He said,“Light travels much faster than sound.”He said light travels much faster than sound.现在时情态动词变为过去时情态动词，过去时情态动词不变。eg.She said,“My son can swim very well.”She said her son could swim very well.He said,“I could ride a bike when I was only six.”He said that he could ride a bike when he was only six.,3 时间状语的变化,For example:,He said,“She arrived here yesterday.He said that she had arrived there the day before.“Ill do it tomorrow,”he promised.He promised that he would do it the next day.,4 指示代词的变化,直接引语 转换成间接引语 this 改为 that these 改为 thoseeg.“You may have this book for one week,”said the librarian.The librarian said that I might have that book for one week.,5 地点状语的变化,直接引语 转换成间接引语 here 改为 there eg.Bob said,“I am sorry I came here too late.”Bob said that he was sorry he had gone there too late.,6 动词的变化,直接引语 转换成间接引语 come 改为 go bring 改为 take For example:She said,“I will come here again the day after tomorrow.”She said that she would go there again again in two daystime.,备注,如果在当地转述，here不必改为there,come不必改为go,如果在当天转述，yesterday,tomorrow 等时间状语也不必改变。,间接引语转换成直接引语,间接引语转化成直接引语时，也应该从六个方面考虑。Eg.Mary said she had bought a new dictionary two days before.Mary said,“I bought a new dictionary two days ago.”The teacher asked Tom to pay much attention to his pronunciation.The teacher said,“Pay much attention to your pronunciation,Tom.”总之，直接引语和间接引语相互转换时，要从句子的各个要素去考虑，做到全面正确地改写句子。,