英语四级cet-4阅读理解解题方法与技巧.ppt

大学英语四级阅读理解部分,试卷构成和成绩报道,成绩报道一 听力理解 249分 1.听力对话 107分 2.听力短文 142分二 阅读理解 249分 仔细阅读 178分 快速阅读 71分三 完形填空或是改错 70分四 写作和翻译 142分;写作 106分;中译英 36分,篇章阅读要求,选材来源 命题来源NewScientistNewsweekThe New York TimesTimeThe Washington Post 大学英语四六级 考试命题委员会,篇章阅读要求,体裁方面议论文说明文新闻评述记叙文,题材方面人文科学自然科学,识别文体,说明文（最常见）第一句通常为主题句结构：提出问题分析问题解决问题格式：比较，对照，分类，列举。Tip.抓住文章主题，同时把握个层次的要点。议论文 论点-论据Tips.抓住论点，论据，明确作者论证方法是归纳还是演绎,词汇要求,1.题干中的关键词有50%能在原文中找到，还有一小部分是同义词替换。（定位原文）2.定位原文后，不一定能直接找到答案，很多时候是同义替换 Q.It seems that the controversy over the values of MBA degrees has been fueled by _.The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worthcontroversy-debate fueled-inspiredworth-value,2.Farming emerged as a survival strategy because man had been obliged _.原文：,people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy.Answer:to give up their former way of life,攻克长难句,常常涉及考点，所以不能跳过略过。会影响我们整体阅读的流畅性,长难句,A breakthrough(突破)in the provision of energy from the sun for the European Economic Community(EEC)could be brought forward by up to two decades,if a modest increase could be provided in the EECs research effort in this field,according to senior EEC scientists engaged in experiments in solar energy at EECs scientific laboratories at Ispra,near Milan.,长难句常涉及的类型,1.双重否定句 负负得正，把两个表示否定的结构都去掉。No,not,hardly,seldom,never,little,few,small 应注意的词根词缀 de-/dis-/un-/in-There are probably no questions(that)we can think up that cant be answered,sooner or later,including even the matter of consciousness.,长难句常涉及的类型,2.分词做状语类（主干，现在分词、过去分词）Motivated in part by Christian compassion for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to undercut the support of the socialist labor movement,Chancellor Bismarck created the worlds first workers compensation law in 1884.,长难句常涉及的类型,3.定语从句类规律：找真正的谓语动词时，如果定语从句修饰主语，找第二个可以做谓语的动词，第一个是属于定语从句的谓语动词。The mother of the young man Wilde was intimate with accused him at the banquet of sexually influencing her son.,长难句常涉及的类型,4.倒装句类类型 1）only/not only/nor/neither在句首2）介词短语在句首 较难Example:Along with them goes social mobility,ambition to rise in the urban world,a main factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the 19th century.,长难句涉及的类型,5.强调句型 It isthat 应对方法：多训练，熟悉句式，把读到过的四级文章中的所有的看不懂的长难句全部总结起来，摘抄到一个本子上面，翻译。,考题要求,深度阅读中篇章阅读考查考生要点（大纲决定考点）1 掌握主旨要义2 了解文中具体信息3 根据所读材料进行有关的判断、推理和引申4 理解作者的意图、观点或态度 5 依据上下文推测生词的词义，理解个别（重点）句子的含义,篇章阅读方法,1.略读全文，把握文章大意 2m(将注意力放在文章的主题句、关键词等部分。其余内容如具体论述、细节、数字等则可以跳过不读。)2.根据题干中的关键词定位原文3.以原文为依据，进行同义替换、判断推理。,命题考点及规律,1、列举处常考 列举处指的是First,，second,，Third,等逐步列出，然后要求考生从列举出的内容中，选出符合题干要求的答案项。该考点常出题型是细节事实题。,The third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures:firstly,as members of a police force they always have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law.Secondly,as expensive public servants they have to get results.They can hardly do both.Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.Q:Whats the policemans biggest headache?(A)He has to get the most desirable results without breaking the law in any way.(B)He has to justify his arrests while unable to provide sufficient evidence in most cases.(C)He can hardly find enough time to learn criminal law while burdened with numerous criminal cases.(D)He has to provide the best possible public service at least possible expense.,命题考点及规律,2.强调处、绝对处、最高处 the only only在句首做状语It is that must all,anyone,never,most,sole,just,simply,unique,命题考点及规律,3、举例子打比喻的地方常考 为了使自己的观点更有说服力、更加明确，作者经常用具体的例子打比方，句中常由as,such as,for example,for instance,as an illustration,that is,to name a few,as follows等引导的短语或句子作为举例句，这些例句或比喻成为命题者提问的焦点。,4.特殊标点处 破折号，冒号，引号等作者为了正确表达出自己观点或使论点更有依据，常常引用某名人的论断或重要发现等。命题者常在此作文章。,命题考点及规律,5、转折处与强对比处常考 however,nevertheless,in contrast,otherwise,on the other hand,by comparison,but,yet,while,although,whereas,even if,likewise,similarly,in the same way,in the same manner,as if,as,命题考点及规律,6.主题句处 段首段尾处 主旨题、态度题较多7.因果关系处 信号词 for this reason,for,as,because,since,as a result of,owing to,thanks to,due to,as a result,therefore,consequently,thus,accordingly,so,命题考点及规律,8.定义结论处In my opinion,my view is,as I see,conclude 通常考查文章的中心观点或引用的观点9.数字年代处 关注数字、年份 常出现于细节题,命题考点及规律,10.复杂句常考 复杂句常是命题者出题之处，包括同位语、插入语、定语、长句后半句，从句、不定式、副词等，命题者主要考查考生对句子之间指代关系。一般来说，备选项的长度不会超过15个单词，这就意味着长难句中的大部分信息只是起干扰作用。要找到真正与答题相关的信息，关键在于根据题干信息在长难句的内部进行定位，然后从备选项中找出意思一致的答案,篇章阅读要求,题型介绍事实细节题推理判断题语义理解题主旨大意题观点态度题,事实细节题,提问方式：灵活多样，涉及短文的各种细节，如时间 地点原因结果方式等解题步骤：定位分析和选项分析事实细节题关键词：同义替换,事实细节题,对四级细节题的总结：1、答案不跨段。2、90%根据关键词定位。10%利用题目的顺序。3、考点不重复。,Eg.1According to the passage,people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as a manager _.原文：A few common misconceptions.Beauty is only skin-deep.Ones physical assets dont count all that much in a managerial career.B.a persons outward appearance is not a critical qualification.,推理判断题,抛开自己主观判断，自己就是一张白纸，任由作者在自己身上开始写。所有一切按文章走。,语义理解题,语义理解题就是对生词、句子或短语进行提问，需要考生推断考点的近义含义或引申含义。提问方式：1“-”is used in the passage to refer to“-”2 The word“-”most probably means _.3 according to the author,“-”most probably means _.,语义理解题,Then there is the ostrich approach,”some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know,”says Dr.Ross Cartmill.60 What does Dr.Ross Cartmill mean by“the ostrich approach”(line q para.9)A.a casual attitude towards ones health conditionsB.a new therapy for certain psychological problemsC.refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involvedD.unwillingness to find out about ones disease because of fear,语意理解题,命题点1.考查生僻词：结合文章整体分析，与主题保持逻辑上一致的就是答案2.考查熟词僻义。选项中常见、常用意思往往不是答案，e.g.arrest3.考查代词：紧密跟踪上下文，顺藤摸瓜解题依据：上下文意义；并列逻辑与转折逻辑体现出来的同义关系或反义关系；篇章中对词的定义阐释；构词法,主旨大意题(解题要点),主旨题一般会放在第一个或最后一个考。如果放在第一个，可读完全文再做。主旨大意题最常出现的地方：开头和结尾尽量避免过于绝对的选项，如 all,never,only,completely,almost,absolutely,definitely等正确答案应具有一定的概括性和结论性，过于细节的一般不选（抽象性）,观点态度题,根据、阅读材料，理解作者的意图观点、语气态度是赞同还是反对，是同情表扬还是失望批判。全文情感态度题-作者本人局部情感态度题-例证人,观点态度题,AL Gore calls global warming an“inconvenient truth,”as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution.But the real truth is that we dont know enough to believe global warming,and we cant do much about it.,观点态度题,58.According to the authors understanding,what is AL Gores view on global warming?It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware ofIt is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniencesIt is a problem that can solved once it is recognized.It is area we actually have little knowledge about.,第二段提到Gore的观点只用了一个词组，即inconvenient truth，字面意思是“会给人们带来不方便的真相”，从这个词组无法判断出其具体含义。不过此后作者使用了一个as if从句，对这个词组进行描述，应该是作者对Gore观点的理解。As if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution，直译为“好像仅仅承认它就会使我们走上解决它的道路”，意思也就是承认它就能解决它。这应该是作者对Gore观点的全部理解，此后的几句以But引出转折，应该是作者开始表达自己的观点，与Gore无关。四个选项中，C的说法与上文的分析一致。A所说的unaware是没有意识到、不知道的意思，和“承认”不同。B是对inconvenient truth字面意思的望文生义。D的说法和Gore的观点相去甚远，更可能是结合But之后作者自己的观点而安排的迷惑选项。,常见的态度词,positive（积极的）negative（消极的）neutral（中立的）approval（赞成的）disapproval（不赞成的）indifferent（漠不关心的）sarcastic（讽刺的）critical（批评的）optimistic（乐观的）pessimistic（悲观的）,常见的态度词,11.biased 12.objective 13.subjective14.partial 15.impartial 16.sensitive17.puzzled 18.scared 19.gloomy20.content 21.doubtful 22.cautious23.supportive 24.opposition 25.suspicion26.contempt 27.tolerance 28.dissatisfaction,观点态度题(解题方法),一 依据词汇 寻找文章中具有感情色彩的词，如 fortunately,excessively,too many二，依据结论判断objective 情况特征1）花开两朵，各表一枝2）有问无答3）引用别人的话进行总结，无自己观点subjective 情况特征 有问有答 注意形容词，副词,