英语写作中常见错误分析范.ppt

,英语写作中常见错误及分析,英语写作技巧系列,学生写作文容易犯的错误可以分为两大类：一、不切题；二、语言表达的错误。,英语写作技巧系列,（一）不切题 英汉不同的语篇思维模式是造成不切题的直接原因。一些外国人认为东方人写作善用迂回法，也就是总绕着主题的外围转，而不从主题入手展开讨论。汉语语篇的思维模式是中国历史文化的产物，人们认为这种方式含蓄、委婉，容易使人接受，而英美人则喜欢开门见山的叙述主题；所以我国学生进行英语写作时，由于受汉语语篇思维模式的影响，阐述时不从主题入手，不能紧扣主题进行写作，致使文章主题不明确，观点不够鲜明。我们来看一篇以Trees为题目的作文：,英语写作技巧系列,Trees are mans friends.We can see trees everywhere.We plant trees every year.We can make tables with trees.Trees also give us fruits to eat.I like to eat fruits very much.该段的主题句是Trees are mans friends,写作中心应围绕friends，也就是树的用途展开。但学生没有从friends入手阐明主题，而是绕圈子说了些无关紧要的话，第一、二、五展开句偏离了树的用途这个主题，而是说我们到处可以看见树木；每年都种树；喜欢吃水果等；而且段落框架松散，这样就属于主题句抓不住，中心思想不明确，而且句型单调。,英语写作技巧系列,再来看改写后的段落：Trees are mans friends.They provide man with timber,fruits and seeds.With timber,man can build houses and make furniture.Fruits are the food,which is necessary to us every day.As for seeds,they can be used to extract oil.这样就克服了前面所犯错误，紧紧围绕了主题句来展开，算是一篇好的作文了。,英语写作技巧系列,（二）语言表达错误英语写作中，所谓重大语言错误，通常是指语法和词汇错误，我们可以把学生易犯的语言错误归纳为：词汇问题、语法错误、中文式英语。,英语写作技巧,1、词汇问题词汇是英文写作的基本要素。如果把语法比作写作的框架，那么词汇就是写作的砖瓦。在写作中，学生只能用有限的词汇来表达自己的观点和看法，这就限制了学生写出较高水平的作文。常见的错误类型主要有以下几种：同一汉语意思的动词、名词、形容词混用错用；词型相似的英文单词错用；单词拼写错误；多余的词和词组以及用词不确切等。,英语写作技巧,同一汉语意思的动词、名词和形容词混用。汉语的动词、名词和形容词互相转化词性时，词本身不发生变化，而是由词在句子中的位置来确定它的词性，或借助“的”、“地”、“得”。例：a.学生抱怨作业太多。（抱怨 动词）b.我不想再听你的抱怨。（抱怨 名词）a.如果你努力学习，你一定会成功。（成功 动词）b.他是一位成功的商人。（成功 形容词）c.他的成功是由于他的勤奋。（成功 名词）,英语写作技巧,而英语则有词性的变化，学生辨别词汇种类的能力不够，同一汉语意思的动词、名词和形容词分不清，造成词汇错误。例：误The students complaint that there are too much homework.,英语写作技巧,正The students complain that there is too much homework.误If you work hard,you will be sure to success.,英语写作技巧,正If you work hard,you will be sure to succeed.,英语写作技巧,(2)用词不确切 学生所接触的词汇主要来自精读和泛读，他们所掌握的词汇有口语、一般用语、正式用语，也有俚语、方言；有美国英语，也有英国英语。他们对同义词或近义词的细微区别不太了解，英语词与近义汉字区别不清。例如：误He finally resolved the problem.,英语写作技巧,正He finally solved the problem.resolve 的汉语意思是“使分解”、“解决”，resolve虽有解决之意，只是解决的不是问题，而是contradiction 或doubt,解决问题应用 solve。,英语写作技巧,2语法错误语法错误的类型有：名词单复数变化错误；时态不一致谓语或句型出错，句子不完整；介词、冠词遗漏等。(1)时态、人称和数用错汉语动词无时态、人称和数的变化，而对英语动词来说，这些都至关重要。例：误They said they can complete thethe work in three months.,英语写作技巧,正They said they could complete the work in three months.,英语写作技巧,(2)be 动词遗漏 在主系表结构中，汉语中没有动词的句子是允许的，英语中每个完整的句子都必须有动词来承担谓语，如：“我累了。”这个句子没有动词作谓语，而用形容词，但英语形容词不能作谓语，一定要写成：Im tired.误He will sure to come and help me.,英语写作技巧,正He will be sure to come and help me.,英语写作技巧,(3)句子不完整 有的考生因为对句子结构认识模糊，所以出现只写半句的现象，这也是造成失分的原因之一。误Because the kids thought their wages were too low.,英语写作技巧,正Because the kids thought their wages were too low,they demanded a high pay.误While waiting for the bus.正While waiting for the bus,he talked with a little boy.,英语写作技巧,(4)介词、冠词遗漏还有一些考生因为没有熟练掌握介词或者冠词的用法，也会出现明显的错误，造成丢分现象。误Because his mistake several people died.,英语写作技巧,正Because of his mistake several people died.误I have never seen such beautiful picture.正I have never seen such a beautiful picture.,英语写作技巧,写作能力不是突击几天就可获得的，写出一篇优秀的作文需要一个循序渐进的过程，除了掌握英文写作的一般知识外，大家平时应该多读、多练，多背诵，不仅要在提高自己的英文语言方面下工夫，而且对一些社会热点问题要多思考以形成自己的见解，在考试时可以从“大脑的信息库”提取“观点”，而不至于无话可说。范文1 Good Health 1身体健康的重要性。2保持健康的途径。3我自己的实践。,英语写作技巧,Writing:Good Health 1身体健康的重要性。2保持健康的途径。3我自己的实践。,英语写作技巧,Good Health The desire for good health is universal.In our competitive society it is important to maintain good health.On the one hand,people with good health can do work with full confidence and their progress in work in turn contributes to their health and happiness.On the other hand,a sick person is usually not interested in everything around him and therefore he loses many opportunities to become successful.,英语写作技巧,There are many ways to keep it.First,those who always keep on working from morning till night should find time to relax because too much stress will affect their health.Second,enough time should be left for sleep because that will help one become rested and refreshed.Finally,regular physical exercises benefit ones health a lot.So one should always keep in mind that a certain amount of exercise is not a waste of time.,英语写作技巧,As for me,I like playing tennis in the morning.I also attach much importance to enough sleep and relaxation.I believe this will ensure my good health for the rest of my life.这篇文章语句通顺，语言流畅，句式变化多样，用词面比较宽。就内容来说，则很切题，包括了提纲中的所有要点。第一段的第二句即主题句是从提纲发展而来的，第二段的首句，即主题句也是由提纲中的第二点发展而来。,英语写作技巧,A Survey of Britain and America,