翻译篇第二章英译汉.ppt

Progressive Translation 翻译篇,人民大学出版社,第二部分 英译汉,第二章 英译汉的技巧,翻译技巧也就是人们通过翻译实践摸索出来的比较系统的翻译方法。本章将介绍以下九种技巧：.对等译法.重复法.增译法.减译法.词类转化法.分译法.正反译法.词序调整法.语态转换法,CATALOGUE,第一节 对等译法,第二节 重译法,第四节 减译法,第三节 增译法,第五节 词类转换法,第六节 分译法,第七节 正反译法,第八节 词序调整法,第九节 语态转换法,第一节 练习题,试译下列英文句子，并注意斜体部分的译法。,To break the ice,Ted spoke of his interest in mountain climbing,and they soon had a conversation going.,为了打破沉默，泰德说自己对爬山有兴趣，这样他们很快就交谈起来。,(2)She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth;she thinks she can do what she likes.,她生长在富贵之家，认为凡事都可以随心所欲。,(3)He is now between the devil and the deep sea on this matter.,他在这个问题上真是进退维谷。,(4)He went through fire and flood to save his son.,他赴汤蹈火去救他的儿子。,第一节 练习题,(5)She took the news with a grain of salt.,她对这个消息半信半疑。,第一节 练习题,(6)Every one of them rolled up his sleeves for the battle,high in morale and ready to win another brilliant victory.,他们个个摩拳擦掌，士气很高，准备再打一个漂亮仗。,(7)She walked at the head of the funeral procession,and every now and then wiped her crocodile tears with a big handkerchief.,她走在送葬队伍的前头，还不时用一条大手绢抹去那鳄鱼的眼泪。,第一节 练习题,(8)In the court action,John sprang his trump card by calling a surprise witness.,在法庭诉讼中，约翰突然打出了他的王牌请出一位意想不到的证人。,(9)The Senate Foreign Relations Committee today extended the olive branch to the Clinton Government by pleading for cooperation in developing foreign policy.,参议院外交关系委员会今天向克林顿政府送去了橄榄枝，要求发展在外交政策上的合作。,第一节 练习题,(10)When the host gave some pictures to them,they didnt realize that they were receiving a modern Trojan horse:microphones and radio transmitters were hidden in the pictures.,东道主向他们赠画时，他们并没有意识到他们是在接收一具现代特洛伊木马：那些画框里暗藏着麦克风和无线电发报机。,第二节 练习题,一、将下列句子译成汉语，注意斜体名词的重复。,The end of law is not to abolish or restrain,but to preserve and enlarge freedom.,法律的目的不是要废止或限制自由，而是要保护并扩大自由。,(2)As a mathematician,she should understand and use the electronic computer better.,作为一个数学家，她应该更好地了解计算机，更好地使用计算机。,第二节 练习题,(3)Operators should inspect and oil their machines before work.,操作人员在操作前应当检查机器，并给机器加油润滑。,(4)We can divide metals into ferrous and non-ferrous metals.,我们可以把金属分为黑色金属和有色金属。,第二节 练习题,(5)We have exploded atom and hydrogen bombs and launched earth satellites.,我们已经爆破了原子弹和氢弹，并发射了地球卫星。,(6)She broke all connections with her past and with the old organizations in every way.,她和她的过去断绝了一切联系，也从各方面和旧的组织断绝了一切联系。,第二节 练习题,(7)The doctor will get more practice out of him than out of ten hundred ordinary patients.,医生从他身上得到的实践，会比从1000个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。,(8)For some time Baghdad had been swarming with countless discharged soldiers,who had served in the Iraqi army.,一段时间以来，巴格达一直云集着无数被遣散的士兵，这些士兵曾在伊拉克军队中服役。,第二节 练习题,(9)They have staged demonstrations and sit-ins and distributed petitions which inevitably find their way to foreign correspondents.,他们举行了示威游行和静坐，散发了请愿书，而这些请愿书必定会传到外国记者手里。,(10)He was studying Greek sculpture of the primitive and classical periods.,他正在研究原始时期和古典时期的希腊雕塑。,第二节 练习题,We pitched a tent by a spring and they under an oak tree.,我们在泉水旁搭帐篷，而他们在橡树下搭帐篷。,(2)Authorship had become a profession,and literary production a commodity.,著书立说已成为一种职业，文学作品已成为一种商品。,二、将下列句子译成汉语，注意斜体动词的重复。,第二节 练习题,(3)Reading exercises ones eyes;speaking ones tongue;while writing,ones mind.,阅读训练人的眼睛，说话训练人的口才，写作训练人的思维。,(4)Helicopters have saved thousands of people from the sea and the people from mountain tops.,直升飞机已经从海上抢救了数千人的生命，还从山峰上救了一些人。,第二节 练习题,(5)The blow hurt not only his hands but his shoulders too.,这一下不仅震痛了他的手，也震痛了他的肩膀。,(6)The whole process required much money,skill and luck.,整个过程花了很多钱，需要很高的技巧，还得碰运气。,第二节 练习题,(7)Atmosphere pressure decreases with increase in altitude and so does the density of atmosphere.,大气压力随高度增加而降低，大气密度也随高度增加而降低。,(8)She supplied her works not only with biographies,but with portraits of supposed authors.,她不仅在她的作品上提供作者传记，而且还提供假想作者的画像。,第二节 练习题,(9)They talked of things they longed forof meat and of hot soup and of the richness of butter.,他们谈到了他们所渴望的东西，谈到了肉类，谈到了热汤，谈到了黄油的丰富营养。,(10)They just spoke politely about the current and the depths they had drifted their lines at and the steady good weather and of what they had seen.,他们只是斯斯文文地讲起海流，讲起他们把钓线送进海水的深度，讲起好久不变的好天气，还讲起他们所看到的一切。,三、将下列句子译成汉语，注意斜体代词所代表的名词的重复。,第二节 练习题,The change of Taylor was that of a key man in the key slotsomething that symbolized the gradual transformation of the other players.,泰勒的转变是一个把守重要关口的关键人物的转变，他的转变象征着其他参与者也在逐渐转变。,(2)Peter made a bow.Not a servile onehe will never do that.,彼得鞠了一个躬。这不是一种卑躬屈膝的鞠躬他绝不会那样做。,第二节 练习题,(3)Parents should not only love their children but also help them and educate them.,父母不仅应当爱护自己的子女，还应当帮助自己的子女，教育自己的子女。,(4)The silks of China are better and cheaper than those of any other country.,中国的绸缎比任何国家的绸缎都价廉物美。,第二节 练习题,(5)Ocean does not so much divide the world as unite it.,与其说海洋分割了世界，不如说海洋连接了世界。,(6)All metals are good conductors because there are a great number of free electrons in them.,一切金属都是良导体，因为金属里有大量的自由电子。,第二节 练习题,(7)Rich men have their cares while poor men have their happiness.,富人有富人的苦恼，穷人也有穷人的快乐。,(8)A chemical change is one in which the structure of particles is changed and a new substance is formed.,化学变化是一种改变粒子结构、形成新物质的一种变化。,第二节 练习题,(9)The conference called for most detailed planning,as it differed greatly from the two previous conferences.,本届会议要求制定最详尽的计划，这是本届会议与前两届会议截然不同之处。,(10)When people are mentally engaged,biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory.,人们在动脑筋时，头脑会出现生化变化，这种变化使头脑在注意力和记忆力这类认知领域更加有效地进行活动。,四、将下列句子译成汉语，并用叠字叠词或四字对偶词组表达原文中的斜体部分。,第二节 练习题,With his tardiness,carelessness and appalling good humor,we were sore perplexed.,他老是磨磨蹭蹭，马马虎虎，脾气又好得惊人，我们都对他毫无办法。,(2)The Curies defied all these difficulties and finally in 1902,they succeeded in separating a tiny amount of radium chloride.,居里夫妇不畏重重困难，终于在1902年成功地分离出微量的氯化镭。,第二节 练习题,(3)Many mathematical principles,however,have in most instances kept far ahead of their practical applications.,然而大部分例子表明，许多数学原理的研究已远远超过其实际应用。,(4)The road was packed with a noisy crowd of men and women,who were selling and buying all kinds of things.,路上挤满了男男女女，他们熙熙攘攘，正在买卖各种各样的东西。,第二节 练习题,(5)Few people realized how hard Edison worked,often twenty hours a day.,很少有人知道，爱迪生是如何辛辛苦苦工作的，他常常一天工作20小时。,(6)Whatever initial worries we had about the plane soon vanished.,不管开始时我们对这架飞机有什么不放心，这种顾虑不久就烟消云散了。,第二节 练习题,(7)The nation at large was exhausted from the searing effects of the Civil War and Reconstruction.,由于南北战争和“重建”造成的千疮百孔，举国上下被搞的精疲力竭。,(8)Scientific exploration,the search for knowledge has given man the practical results of being able to shield him from the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by other men.,科学的探索，知识的追求，使人类获得了避免天灾人祸的实力。,第二节 练习题,(9)Many black parents,angered by the way their children were treated,accused the school of gross ingratitude and cowardice.,许多黑人家长对那样对待他们的孩子感到愤慨，他们指责校方十足地忘恩负义、胆小怕事。,(10)“What America has lost,”says one veteran observer,“is the cocky,do-anything assurance of the 1950s.”,一位老资格的观察家说，“美国已经失去了二十世纪50年代那种趾高气扬、为所欲为而毫无顾忌的劲头。”,第三节 练习题,一、将下列句子译成汉语，并根据句法需要适当增加原文中省略的词。,(1)But is it worth the risks?Maybe.,但是否值得冒此风险呢？也许是值得的。,(2)“Did you know anything about it?”“Not until you told me.”,“这事以前你知道吗？”“你说以前我不知道。”,第三节 练习题,(3)“Shall we be late for school?”“Hope not.”,“我们上课会迟到吗？”“我希望不会。”,(4)“How shall I do it?”“Just as you wish.”,“这事怎么办？”“你愿怎么办就怎么办。”,第三节 练习题,(5)Some motions appear to be very simple;other very complicated.,有些运动看起来很简单，有些运动则看起来很复杂。,(6)Like charges repel each other,but opposite charges attract.,相同的电荷互相排斥，但相反的电荷却互相吸引。,第三节 练习题,(7)Water evaporates more rapidly when the temperature is high than when it is low.,温度高，水蒸发得快；温度低，水蒸发得就慢。,(8)It is more expensive than it was last time but not as good.,价钱比上次高，但质量却比上次差。,第三节 练习题,(9)The Bank of Japan is far more influenced by the exchange rate than the Federal Reserve is.,日本银行受汇率的影响要比美联储受汇率的影响大得多。,(10)They argue that if they do not develop laser weapons,someone else will.,他们振振有词地说，如果他们不研制激光武器，其他人也会研制的。,第三节 练习题,(11)Drinking alcohol is not frowned upon in Britain though getting drunk is.,在英国，喝酒别人是不会对你皱眉头的，但是喝醉了别人可能会对你皱眉头。,(12)Some of the alternative energy sources discussed here may eventually become significant contributors to Americas electrical supply;some may not.,这里所讨论的替代性能源中，有些可能终将对美国的电力供应做出举足轻重的贡献，但有些却不会。,第三节 练习题,(13)I hope that the meeting will not be too long,for it will only waste time.,我希望这次会议不要开得太久，太久了只会浪费时间。,(14)You had better give a performance if your friends ask you to.,如果你的朋友要求你表演一个节目，你最好表演一个。,(15)Spurious or not,the arithmetic should reflect not only interest rates but also the riskiness of each individual project.,不管计算虚假与否，它不仅应该反映利率水平，而且还应体现每个项目的风险大小。,第三节 练习题,二、将下列句子译成汉语，并根据意义或修辞上的需要适当增加一些词语，以使译文更加忠实通顺。,Being leaders,you have to overcome your pessimism and pluck up your courage to face the difficulties.,最为领导者，你们必须克服悲观情绪，鼓起勇气，面对困难。,(2)Not to educate a child is to condemn him to repetition of ignorance.,如果我们不对儿童进行教育的话，那就要使儿童沦入世世代代的愚昧状态。,第三节 练习题,(3)The development of Chinese industry remains one of the priorities of the government.,发展中国的工业仍然是政府的首要任务之一。,(4)Testing is a complicated problem and long experience is required for its mastery.,进行测试是一个复杂的问题，需要有长期的经验才能掌握。,第三节 练习题,(5)The cities utilize these funds for education,police and fire departments,public works and municipal buildings.,市政府将这些资金用于兴办教育事业，加强治安消防，投资公共建筑和市政工程。,(6)To those who hate federalism,the very thought will seem intolerable.,对于那些反对联邦制的人来说，一想到这一点就觉得简直难以忍受。,第三节 练习题,(7)With what enthusiasm these young people are preparing for the 50th anniversary of their country!,这群年轻人正在以多么高涨的热情准备迎接他们国家的50周年的大庆阿！,(8)Oh,what sight this is for a country boy born in rags and dirt and misery!,啊，对一个生在破烂、肮脏和苦难中的乡下男孩来说，这是多么显赫的情景啊！,第三节 练习题,(9)The examination is going to take place in two days time.I havent got the time to worry about anything else.,还有两天就要考试了，我没有闲工夫去为其它的事儿烦心。,(10)Too many companies,however,have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing result.,然而，太多的公司却匆匆忙忙地进入国外市场，其结果令人难堪。,第三节 练习题,(11)Not many yards below the surface,the pressure on each square foot is a matter of tons.,在离地面没有多少码的地方，每一平方英尺的压力就有好几吨。,(12)Another two weeks saw up-to-the-standard machine parts being turned out.,又过了半个月，合乎标准的各种机器部件就生产出来了。,第三节 练习题,(13)A compound is substance composed of two or three elements chemically combined in definite proportions by weight.,化合物是由两种或两种以上按一定重量比例化合到一起的元素组成的。,(14)The frequency,wave length,and speed of sound are closely related.,声音的频率、波长和速度三者是密切相关的。,第三节 练习题,(15)According to scientists,it takes nature 500 years to create an inch of top soil.,根据科学家们的看法，自然界要用500年的时间才能创造一英寸的表层土壤。,(16)Our country produced many eminent scientists and countless skilled craftsmen and created a magnificent science and culture in ancient times.,我们的国家在古代出现过许多杰出的科学家和无数能工巧匠，创造了灿烂的科学文化。,第三节 练习题,(17)Under another social system such floods would have caused terrible disasters.,倘如在另一种社会制度下，这样的洪水一定会造成可怕的灾难。,(18)Although a well-designed modern radar can usually pick up more information from the target signal,the measurement of range is still one of radars most important functions.,虽然设计精良的现代雷达通常能从目标信号中获得更多的信息，但是测距仍然是雷达非常重要的用途之一。,第四节 减译法 练习题,Any substance is made of atoms whether it is a solid,a liquid,or a gas.,任何物质，不论是固体，液体或气体，都是由原子构成的。,(2)A man of wisdom is not necessarily a man of ability.,有智慧的人不一定就是有能力的人。,一、将下列句子译成汉语，并根据语法需要减译斜体的词语。,第四节 练习题,(3)It is human nature to love the true,the good,and the beautiful.,喜爱真、善、美是人类的天性。,(4)The purpose of insurance is to provide protection against financial loss at a reasonable cost.,保险的目的是以合理代价防备经济损失。,第四节 练习题,(5)Through an advertisement,you can learn what product is available.,通过广告可以获悉市面上能买到什么产品。,(6)The government has put the new coins into circulation,but only a small number of people have ever seen them.,政府已经发行了新的硬币，但只有少数人见到过。,第四节 练习题,(7)If you boil away some sea water,you would find over forty different materials.,如果将一些海水烧干，就会得到四十多种的不同物质。,(8)A firm needs to reduce its cost and obtain the best prices possible for the merchandise.,企业需要降低成本并使商品达到尽可能优惠的价格。,第四节 练习题,(9)It was raining heavily when Franklin first made his experiment in electricity.,富兰克林最初做有关电的实验时正下着大雨。,(10)It is from radio that the subject of electronics was born,which brought such great changes to the technique of today.,电子学这门学科正是从无线电产生的，它为现代技术带来了如此巨大的变化。,第四节 练习题,(11)Until they see people are not being fired for talking back,they dont believe it.,除非看到反驳老板的人没有被开除，否则他们不会相信的。,(12)Since this would make software cheaper,or even free,consumers might live with the bargain.,这会使软件更便宜，甚至免费，顾客可能会接受这种条件。,第四节 练习题,(13)No man can be brave who considers pain the greatest evil of life;or temperate,who regards pleasure as the highest good.,把痛苦视为生活最大不幸的人不可能勇敢；把欢乐当作生活最高追求的人不会节制。,(14)You cannot build a ship,a bridge or a house if you dont know how to make a design or how to read it.,不会制图或看不懂图纸，就不可能造船、架桥或盖房子。,第四节 练习题,(15)Can you go and see if they are still in the laboratory?,你能否去看看他们是不是还在实验室？,(16)The pylons are so high that nobody can touch the wires at the top.,铁塔很高，人不会碰到塔顶上的电线。,第四节 练习题,(17)In the absence of force,a body will either remain at rest or continue to move with constant speed in a straight line.,倘无外力作用，物体则保持其静止状态，或作匀速直线运动。,(18)Further EU liberalization in 2003 will open junk mail and international mail to competition.,2003年欧盟的进一步自由化会在广告邮件和国际邮件领域引入竞争机制。,第四节 练习题,(19)The search is on for less expensive metals to serve this purpose.,正在寻找较便宜的金属来满足这一需要。,(20)When gases,liquids and solids are heated,solids make the smallest expansion,liquids make a greater expansion,and gases make the greatest expansion.,气体、液体和固体加热时，固体膨胀最小，液体膨胀较大，气体膨胀最大。,第四节 练习题,The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by means of a generator or dynamo.,利用发电机能把机械能再转变成电能。,(2)To be sure,the change of the earth is slow but,nevertheless,it is continuous.,确实，地球变化很缓慢，但这一变化却是连续不断的。,二、将下列句子译成汉语，并根据修辞需要减译斜体的词语。,第四节 练习题,(3)Domestic lighting circuits should be at least two in number.,家用电路至少应该是两条。,(4)The present process of making steel from iron is only about 100 years old.,目前的炼钢法只有约100年的历史。,第四节 练习题,(5)China is a country of people with a passionate love of flowers and trees and an intense dedication to the welfare of children and to the work ethic.,中国人还热爱鲜花和树木，专心致志地献身于造福于儿童的事业，并恪守工作道德。,(6)A generator cannot produce energy,what it does is to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.,发电机不能产生能量，它只是把机械能转变为电能。,第四节 练习题,(7)Their respective destinies are becoming increasingly interdependent.,他们的命运日益休戚相关。,(8)The majority of stockholders are in complete sympathy with the companys goals and objectives in regard to the construction of a new plant.,大多数股东完全赞同公司营造新工厂的目标。,第四节 练习题,(9)The price of the products should be fixed by the two parties at a level that will bring profit to both.,产品价格应由双方共同商定，需照顾到双方的利益。,(10)Without adequate management,progress in fisheries technology will lead to a decline in the very industry it is designed to support.,没有适当的管理，捕鱼技术的发展反而会导致渔业的衰落。,第五节 练习题,There is much discussion today about whether economic growth is desirable.,当今，人们经常讨论经济增长是否令人满意这一问题。,(2)For example,great efforts are made by the American tobacco industry to sell cigarettes in the Middle East and North Africawhere U.S.tobacco exports increased by more than 27%in 1974.,例如，美国烟草工业就力图在中东和北非推销香烟，在这些地区，美国烟草出口量在1974年增加了27%以上。,一、将下