翻译第十一讲(名词性从句状语从句译法).ppt
Translation(11),名词性从句与状语从句译法,名词性从句,一、主语从句1、以what,whatever,whoever等代词引导的主语从句翻译时一般按原文顺序翻译。What has happened is no surprise to us.We all know well enough what he is.2、以it做假主语所引出的真主语从句，翻译时视情况可以提前，也可以不提前。真主语从句提前译，为了强调，it一般可以译出来；如果不需要强调，it也可以不译出来。,It doesnt make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.,二、宾语从句1、用that,what,how等引起的宾语从句汉译时一般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序。He could never let the history books say of him that he had been content to sit on the sidelines,to be a gentle,leisurely president,letting events take their course.,2、用it作形式宾语的句子，汉译时that引起的宾语从句一般按原文顺序，it不译。I make it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 oclock in the morning.三、表语从句That was how a small nation won the victory over a big power.同于宾语从句，一般按原文顺序翻译。,四、同位语从句1、同位语从句汉译时不提前An obedient son,I accepted my fathers decision that I was to be a doctor,though the prospect interested me not at all.He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.,2、同位语从句提前They were very suspicious of the assumption that he would rather kill himself than surrender.Yet,from the beginning,the fact that I was alive was ignored.3、增加“即”或用冒号、破折号分开But considering realistically,we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.,The meeting was to take place at a hotel,the Beijing Hotel on Changan Road.用单词、短语做同位语的译法1.They silently surrounded Tom,a young soldier,in order to take him prisoner.On behalf of Mr.Green,president of Harvard,I am honored to take this opportunity for a toast.,2.I have been to all the cinemas in this city,big or small.We two like to go there.3.In three hours we reached our destination,Qincheng Prison.,状语从句,英语状语从句包括表示时间、原因、条件、让步、目的等等各种从句。本讲就一些比较常见的处理方法说明如下：一、表时间的状语从句1、译成相应的表示时间的状语While I reached the beach,I collapsed.While she cooked,the cat slipped into the room.Please leave the key when you leave the room.,2、译成“刚（一）就”的句式While I reached the beach,I collapsed.The voice stopped as she drew near.We had barely dropped off when the doorbell began to ring.,3、译成并列的分句She sang as she prepared Marys supper.They were just about to give up the question,when suddenly they found the answer.,二、表示原因的状语从句1、大多数原因状语从句在翻译时可以借助下列一些词语连接完成：“因为”、“由于”、“因此”、“所以”。2、根据汉语习惯和特点(意合），可以将一些原因状语从句译成不用关联词而因果关系内（暗）含的并列分句。I am going to bed,as Im very tired.We had to put the meeting off since so many people were absent.“You took me because I was useful.There is no question of gratitude between us.”Said Rebecca.,三、表示条件的状语从句一般多借助下列词语翻译条件状语从句：“只要”（最强）、“要是”、“一旦”、“如果”（最弱）If one of them dares to lay his little finger on me as we go out,I wont answer for what Ill be doing.四、表示让步的状语从句（汉语表条件一般前置，英语灵活）1、借助“虽然”、“尽管”、“即使”、“就算”等词：While I grant his honesty,I suspect his memory.,2、借助“不论”、“不管”、“管”、“随”等词：No matter how good it is on paper,the bosses will try to wangle it all their own way.She had always taken that for granted as correct behavior,however much it went against the things you were told.汉语里有一种复句，前一分句排除某一方面的一切条件，后一分句说出在任何条件下都会产生同样的结果，也就是说结果的产生没有什么条件限制。这样的复句里的前一分句，称之为“无条件”的条件分句。,五、表示目的的状语从句1、译成表示“目的”的前置分句（为了）We should start early so that we might get there before noon.2、译成表示“目的”的后置分句（省的、免得、生怕）The murderer ran away as fast as he could,so that he might not be caught red-handed.,
