美式发音与英式发音的区别教程.ppt

Vowels 元音,元音是一种有声音，发音时用舌头和嘴唇使口腔定形，声带震动。同时气流从咽腔和口腔不断流出，不受阻碍，也没有变狭窄，因而听不出摩擦。元音分类精讲元音分类A根据发音时舌头在口腔中抬起的部位不同，我们把单素元音分为前元音、中元音和后元音。单素元音是有一个音素构成的元音双元音是由两个音素构成的元音,12个单元音：前元音/i:/i/e/中元音:后元音:u u:8个双元音：ei ai i u au i u,元音20个根据构成元音的音素的不同，我们把元音分为12个单元音和8个双元音,bay,buy,boy,boat,out,beer,air,sure,辅音分类 28个,辅音主要可以分为清辅音（voiceless consonants）和浊辅音（voiced consonants）。发清辅音时声带不用振动，发浊辅音时声带振动。,清辅音：,p t k f s r t,pietimekeyfanthinkso red shoechoose,浊辅音：,bdgv z hd,buydimegovanthemzoo howusuallyjuice,其他辅音：,鼻辅音：m n 舌侧音：l 半元音：w j,my no singer led we you,咬舌音：,tr ts,controlrobots,dr dz,dropends,爆破音（6个）,摩擦音（8个）,破擦音（8个）,爆破音在相当时间内，气流通道完全阻塞，气流（一般由于肺部的动作）受压，然后突然放开阻塞，发出爆破的声音。英语中的爆破音有六个，它们是：p b t d k g,p:pie pig piss b:buy bay baset:time today tomorrowd:date day dimek:key came clockg:go game glass,特例清音浊化现象清辅音 p t k 在S后面时要发成浊辅音sport store skin,舌边音气流通道中央阻塞，在阻塞处的两边或一边留下通道让气流自由通过时发出的音。英语中舌边音只有一个，就是：l,Clear L 舌尖抵在上齿根部，再自然落下，发出类似汉语“了”的音 light let lip local lake lamp a lovely boy let her alone to tell a lie late at night did he leave?little by little to live well to talk loud,Dark L 舌尖抵在上齿根部，但不落下，气流从舌边涌出，声带震动 all bill kill feel hell pill Bill had a billboard,Bill also had a board bill.The board bill bored Bill.So Bill sold the billboard to pay his board bill,and the board bill no longer bored Bill.,中国学生的发音难点,th字母组合：和“th”字母组合相应的一组清浊辅音是,它们的共同特点是把舌尖含在上下齿之间。而汉语中几乎没有这样的发音方式，因此在发音习惯上给中国学生带来了难度。:think thought path thumb:other smooth bathe clothe,There are 3,333 features on that thrushs throat.2.They think that these things are better than those as the thicker things are better than thin things.,舌边音气流通道中央阻塞，在阻塞处的两边或一边留下通道让气流自由通过时发出的音。英语中舌边音只有一个，就是：l,Clear L 舌尖抵在上齿根部，再自然落下，发出类似汉语“了”的音 light let lip local lake lamp a lovely boy let her alone to tell a lie late at night did he leave?little by little to live well to talk loud,Dark L 舌尖抵在上齿根部，但不落下，气流从舌边涌出，声带震动 all bill kill feel hell pill Bill had a billboard,Bill also had a board bill.The board bill bored Bill.So Bill sold the billboard to pay his board bill,and the board bill no longer bored Bill.,字母 r 在句首的发音：因为发音习惯的不同，中国人在很多情况下把它发为类似汉语的“日”，而在英语中字母 r 是不会这样发音的。“小，圆，紧张”像吹口哨的感觉 rose road river red right rock,1.Robert Rally rolled a round roll around the round road.2.Reading bells ring rapidly and reeds rustle around rivers.,区分 r l,/r/l/r/l/1.rock lock 6.wrong long 2.race lace 7.correct collect 3.red lead 8.pirate pilot 4.road load 9.fry fly 5.right light 10.crown clown,字母r,r在第一个词的词尾，而第二个词以元音开头。例如：clear animosity R出现在元音后美音卷舌,RP GAworker/w:k/wrkr/father/f:/frr/farm/f:m/f:rm/tour/tu/tur/poor/pu/pur/air/r/,for or before(world/girl)word more threaten they this that these those with father mother the through part without of-course dark-lord court control countries water learn of all throughout think argue painter peter park walker thought her are other another your here clear concern something anything three four sister poor south north their thousand them barn truth warm there return work wonder however anymore nor neither,nor either things thought author then boys and girls hurt death storm hear worse over car both although whether morning thanks thank you,前元音的听辨与跟读舌前部向硬颚抬起时发出的元音叫前元音前元音(Front Vowels)主要有/i:/i/e/Now practice these four sounds in phrases/i:/i/eat the meat make a wishkeep the seat sit downsay cheese a small fisha piece of cake bit by bit,/e/very well a mad manget ready a jazz bandbest friend a black bagwet with sweat a happy marriage,B.Now practice these sounds in sentences(1)Please speak English Dick gives Lily a big kiss The book sells well,I guess Dont let the cat out of the bag,(2)Seeing is believing They stayed together through thick and thin Lets get everything ready They ran hand in hand(3)Please keep this seat for me Mary is fifty now,but she is still fit as a fiddle Better late than never Pat sat on the grass with a glass in his hand,中元音听辨与跟读舌中部向硬颚抬起时发出的元音叫中元音中元音(Central Vowels)主要有:Now practice these sounds in phrases,:the first termlearn the wordsa firm girlan early bird,never forget a drop of water a kind doctor my beautiful daughter,some moneyonce in a montha tough sona sudden jump,(1)The early bird catches the worm My younger brother is a doctor Enough is enough I want a bar of chocolate,:at the barwe are togethergood marksa kind father,(2)First come,first served Peter can use the computer pretty well I wonder who is coming to lunch I got good marks in the exam,B.Now practice these sounds in sentences,后元音听辨与跟读发音时舌后部需要向软颚抬起的元音叫作后元音 后元音(Back Vowels)主要有:u u:A.Now practice these sounds in phrases,pop musica stopwatchclocks and socksdrop by drop,:law and order walk the talkalong corridora long story,upush and pullgood looksbook a roomtook some sugar,u:a new dressa group of studentstoo good to be true the blue sky,B.Now practice these sounds in sentences,(1)Waste not,want not My daughter-in-law is a lawyer Who took away my book Paul is forty-four,(2)Norman has lost his wallet Learn to crawl before you can walk You look pretty cool As a rule,the sky is blue in June,前元音的听辨与跟读舌前部向硬颚抬起时发出的元音叫前元音前元音(Front Vowels)主要有/i:/i/e/Now practice these four sounds in phrases/i:/i/eat the meat make a wishkeep the seat sit downsay cheese a small fisha piece of cake bit by bit,/e/very well a mad manget ready a jazz bandbest friend a black bagwet with sweat a happy marriage,B.Now practice these sounds in sentences(1)Please speak English Dick gives Lily a big kiss The book sells well,I guess Dont let the cat out of the bag,(2)Seeing is believing They stayed together through thick and thin Lets get everything ready They ran hand in hand(3)Please keep this seat for me Mary is fifty now,but she is still fit as a fiddle Better late than never Pat sat on the grass with a glass in his hand,中元音听辨与跟读舌中部向硬颚抬起时发出的元音叫中元音中元音(Central Vowels)主要有:Now practice these sounds in phrases,:the first termlearn the wordsa firm girlan early bird,never forget a drop of water a kind doctor my beautiful daughter,some moneyonce in a montha tough sona sudden jump,(1)The early bird catches the worm My younger brother is a doctor Enough is enough I want a bar of chocolate,:at the barwe are togethergood marksa kind father,(2)First come,first served Peter can use the computer pretty well I wonder who is coming to lunch I got good marks in the exam,B.Now practice these sounds in sentences,后元音听辨与跟读发音时舌后部需要向软颚抬起的元音叫作后元音 后元音(Back Vowels)主要有:u u:A.Now practice these sounds in phrases,pop musica stopwatchclocks and socksdrop by drop,:law and order walk the talkalong corridora long story,upush and pullgood looksbook a roomtook some sugar,u:a new dressa group of studentstoo good to be true the blue sky,B.Now practice these sounds in sentences,(1)Waste not,want not My daughter-in-law is a lawyer Who took away my book Paul is forty-four,(2)Norman has lost his wallet Learn to crawl before you can walk You look pretty cool As a rule,the sky is blue in June,ei,lake make later,He lives by the lakeI will make coffee for youIll be back later,注意ei 后面接辅音n 中国人极易念成 n 的错误发音，不可不慎,plane pleinmain meintrain trein,ai,life childidea,They led a happy lifeThe child never studiesThat sounds like a good idea,i,boy toysoil,The boy is angryHe bought me a toyThe soil is rich,u,coat soapopen,Put on your coatUse soap to wash your handsOpen the door,au,downhowhouse,Walk down the streetHow are youThe house is made of wood,i,beerhear,I like drinking beerCan you hear me?,bearhair,There is a big bearHer hair is red,u,touryour,Well tour the city todayHows your father?,au Mister Brown Mister Brown,Are you going down to town?Could you stop and take me town?Thank you astound Mister Brown.,i A loyal boy is annoyed by the choice between ploy and toil.While another joyful boy enjoys their joint coiled toy.,ai Bennie bought a bright brown blouse for Bonnie,but Bonnie believed Bennie bought a better bright blue blouse for Betty.,ei,lake make later,He lives by the lakeI will make coffee for youIll be back later,注意ei 后面接辅音n 中国人极易念成 n 的错误发音，不可不慎,plane pleinmain meintrain trein,Consonants 辅音（在正常言语中）除元音外所有的其他音都叫辅音。一部分辅音发音时，气流不通过口腔，如m；另一部分辅音发音时，气流在通过口腔时，受到这样或那样的阻碍，或在口腔中的某个点受到摩擦。,辅音难点精讲爆破音的发音方法舌边音的发音方法中国学生的辅音发音难点,1.a.rock He has a rock on his desk.b.lock He has a lock on his desk.2.a.race Did you see the race?b.lace Did you see the lace?3.a.red Is that a red pencil?b.lead Is that a lead pencil?4.a.road Which road should I take?b.load Which load should I take?5.a.right Give me the right one now.b.light Give me the light one now.,6.a.wrong She said it was the wrong one.b.long She said it was the long one.7.a.correct Can you correct them?b.collect Can you collect them?8.a.pirate The storys about a pirate.b.pilot The storys about a pilot.9.a.fry He wanted to fry them.b.fly He wanted to fly them.10.a.crown Where did you find the crown?b.clown Where did you find the clown?,一位英国人和美国人在火车站不期而遇。美国人性格开朗，善于结交朋友，说了几句客套话后就问：“Whats your job?”。英国人回答说“Im a clerk.”美国人听了十分惊讶：“Clock?Your job is to tick tick all day long?”,英式英语和美式英语的发音区别,美式英语的出现背景,美国英语是英国英语的一种区域语言变体,它起源于1718世纪的英国英语英国在北美地区曾先后建立了13个殖民地,同时英国殖民者也把莎士比亚(Shakespeare)和弥尔顿(Milton)的英语带到了美洲,诺亚韦伯斯特（Noah Webster）,首创“American English”1828年,出版美语词典（American Dictionary of english Language）从而开启了韦氏词典的历史，进而开启了美式英语的历史,英语和美语的发音虽不像汉语那样自2001年起已有法定标准，但两者均有占据统治地位的相对标准，分别以BBC和VOA为代表，而这两个标准又分别被称为Received Pronunciation（英语公认标准）和 General American（美语普通话），在专业著述中常使用其缩写RP和GA。,典型字母,字母a英国人将字母a 读a:而美国人则读作 ask,cant,dance,fast,half,path,字母o英国人将字母o读作,而美国人则将o读作近似a:音的a box,crop,hot,ironic,polish,spot,U和ue 英国人发ju:,而美国人则发u:RP GA reduce ridju:s ridu:s due dju:du:tube tju:b tu:b,典型单词,not/nt/nt/top/tp/tp/cant/k:nt/knt/ask/:sk/sk/chance/t:ns/tns/tomato/tm:tu/tmeitu/missile/misail/misil/epoch/i:pk/epk/clerk/cla:k/klrk/,辅音,RP清晰，GA含混.d和t 在美音中/t/发音与/d/相近。美音中/t/出现在两个元音之间且处于非重读位置的时候，发音近似/d/,重音,RP习惯把单词的主重音放在诸音节靠后的音节上，而GA则喜欢把主重音放在前面的音节上。在许多以-ary,-ory结尾的单词和以-ate结尾的双音节词中，RP把主重音放在第二个音节上，而GA则把重音放在第一音节上。例如ancillary ancillarylaboratory laboratorycorollary corollarydictate dictatemigrate migrate,补充：,英式英语习惯将单词略读，美式英语则习惯把每个音节全部读出 interesting/ntrst/often/fn/有一些词英式英语和美式英语发音完全不同。例如：leisure英式为|le|美式为|li:zr|,语气（说话的气质）,美国人说话相对比较稳重低沉，句势通常呈降调，并且速度慢一些 英国人的语气抑扬顿挫，语调高亢,其他国家英语发音特点,英国乡土音美国北方音美国南方音埃及口音印度口音香港口音南非口音澳洲口音,