综合英语3第10单元.ppt

Unit 10Diogenes and Alexander,(left)Alexander;(right)Diogenes,Lesson 10 Diogenes and Alexander,Part One(para.1-10)Description of Diogenes as a beggar,a philosopher and a missionary,his lifestyle and doctrine:Cynicism.Part Two(para.11-12)Description of Alexander the Conqueror,who was the greatest man of the time.Part Three(para.13-17)The dramatic encounter of the two,revealing that only these two men were the real free man in the world.,para.1,Lesson 10 Diogenes and Alexander,Topic,Supporting details,Appearance of a beggar,Daily life typical of a beggar,Attitude&behavior of a beggar,Sanity of a philosopher,Diogenes,a beggar,not a lunatic,Main idea of Para.2-3,Diogenes doctrine on house&the reason he chose to live in a cask.,Main idea of Para.4,Diogenes is a philosopher,who preached his philosophy of life by his personal practice of doggishness.,Main idea of Para.5-9,Diogenes,a missionary,an actual public practitioner of cynicism,who was different from hermits or other great philosophers of his time.,Main idea of Para.10,Diogenes,in his natural state of a free man,would receive his visitor.,Main idea of Para.11,The preparation for the arrival of Alexander by his myrmidons.,Main idea of Para.12-13,Greatness of Alexander,a young but powerful and wise conqueror,who determined to visit Diogenes.,Main idea of Para.14-17,Even with a sharp contrast between the ascetic philosopher and the all-powerful king,the two figures had something in common:their eyes are both on the freedom and happiness of the world.,Questions,1.How does the author draw his contrast between Diogenes and Alexander?In what paragraph does the focus shift former to the latter?Is there any Climax in this essay?What is it?Do you find it dramatic?,the formIn 11 paragraphYes.The climax in this essay is the dramatic encounter of the two,Revealing that only these two men were the real free man in the world.And I want to explain this phrase“blocking the sunlight”:here has both a literal and a symbolic meaning:When Alexander asked Diogenes whether there was anything he could do for him,he of course was thinking of money,power,a job,a decent house or a warm garment.But Diogenes did not want any of these.What he wanted from the king was not to block the sunlight,not to interfere with his life,not to stand in his way.,2.What has the author told us about Diogenes?What was his philosophy?What did he think was the problem with people?How did he intend to help them?Do you agree with him that the richer one is,the more enslaved one becomes?What did he think of war?What was the thing he valued most?Did he mean it when he said that he was happy,happier than the Shah of Persia?In what way was he different from the great philosophers of his time,such as Plato and Aristotle?,What has the author told us about Diogenes?The author told us about his appearance,his identity,his character,his works and his proposal.,What was his philosophy?He thought that all should live natually,for what is natural is normal and cannot possibly be evil or shameful.Live without conventions,which are artificial and false:escape complexities and extravagances:only so can you live a free life.,What did he think was the problem with people?He thought the rich man believes he possesses his big house with its many rooms and its elaborate furniture,his expensive clothes,his horses and servants and his bank accounts.He does not.He depends on them;he worries about them,he spends most of his lifes energy looking after them;the thoughts of losing them makes him sick with anxiety.They possess him.He is their slave.In order to procure a quantity of false,perishable goods he has sold the only true,lasting good,his own independence.,How did he intend to help them?His life aim was clear to him:it was“to restamp the currency”:to take the clean,metal of human life,to erase the old false conventional markings,and to imprint it with its true values.Do you agree with him that the richer one is,the more enslaved one becomes?Yes,I agree with him.,What did he think of war?When the war came,he felt he ought to do something.What was the thing he valued most?The thing he valued most was his independence.,In what way was he different from the great philosophers of his time,such as Plato and Aristotle?,people,student,Teaching methods,3.What had Alexander learned from Aristotle?He learned the best of Greek culture.For example,Aristotle taught Alexander poetry;philosophy,in particular the shapes and uses of political power;the principles of scientific research.Indeed,it was from Aristotle that Alexander learned to seek out everything strange which might be instructive.Also,he learned generosity from Aristotle.,What do you think made him decide to see Diogenes?When Alexander take command of the League of Greek States,nearly everyone crowded to Corinth in order to congratulate him,to seek employment with him,even simply to see him.He received peoples compliments graciously.Only Diogenes,although he lived in Corinth,did not visit the new monarch.With that generositywhich Aristotle had taught him was a quality the truly magnanimous man,Alexander determined to call upon Diogenes.,Why does the assay say that he understood Cynicism as the others could not?Diogenes made his philosophy natural life spread throughout Greece,and Alexander bring Greek civilization to the whole world.So Alexander was what Diogenes called himself,a cosmopolites,citizen of the world.Like Diogenes,he admired the heroic figure of Hercules,the mighty conqueror who labors to help mankind while all others toil and sweat only for themselves.He knew that of all men then alive in the world only Alexander the conqueror and Diogenes the beggar were truly free.,4.What does the brief dialogue mean to you?Why dud Diogenes sat that Alexander was blocking the sunlight?Did Alexander know what he meant?Why did Alexander say that if he were not Alexander,he should be Diogenes?Did the two have anything in common?,Because of cynicism.The philosophy was that the purpose of life was to live a life of virtue in agreement with Nature.This meant rejecting all conventional desires for wealth,power,health,and fame,and by living a simple life free from all possessions.So Diogenes didnt think highly of his noble status.In his eyes,sunlight was more important than Alexander.Alexander thought that he was free because he had absolute power and Diogenes was free because he didnt need any power.It was because of the common point,Alexander said that if he were not Alexander,he should be Diogenes.Alexander could understand Diogeness practices.,thank you,