简单句、并列句、名词性从句.ppt
简单句、并列句、名词性从句 y Amanda,一、简单句与并列句你所知道的简单句有哪几种？,名词性从句一、从句的含义 在英文句子中，某一个成分不是由一个单词或词组组成，而是由一个句子组成，那么这个句子叫做从句。二、名词性从句的含义 某个从句在整个句子中起名词作用，那么叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。（即这个从句作主语，就叫主语从句。从句作宾语，就叫宾语从句。）,二、引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连词（5个）：that（无词义）；whether,if（“是否”，有词义）as if,as though（“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分 连接代词（9个）：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever 连接副词（7个）：when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however,三、分类讲解1.主语从句that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用。例如：That he is still alive is lucky.What he wants to tell us is not clear.Who will win the match is still unknown.聚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。Where the party will be held has not yet been announced.,他今晚是否要来还不知道。Whether he will come home tonight is not known.我们所需要的是更多的练习。What we need is more practice.我所做的任何事都只是为了你。Whatever I have done is only for you.哪一个对会胜利还不确定。Which team will win is uncertain.他什么时候回来是最重要的问题。When he will return is the most important question.你如何去上班不关我的事。How you will go to work is none of my business.,有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1）It+be+名词+that从句（fact,surprise,common knowledge,.）（2）It+be+形容词+that从句（important,obvious,likely,.）（3）It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句（believed,known,reported,said,requested,.）（4）It+不及物动词+that 从句（seem,happen,.）,另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that It is suggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that It is necessary that the young help the old.It is suggested that we should arrange the schedule right now.,（2）用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：I want to know what he has told you.She will give whoever needs help a warm support.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She always thinks of how she can work well.,（3）用whether或if引导的宾语从句，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a.引导主语从句并在句首时；b.引导表语从句时；c.引导从句作介词宾语时；d.从句后有“or not”时；e.后接动词不定式时。例如：Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.The question is whether she should have a test.Everything depends on whether we have enough money.,I wonder whether he will come or not.Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?3.表语从句其基本结构为：主语+系动词+that从句。例如：The fact is that we have lost the game.这正是我想要的。Thats just what I want.这就是我们的问题所在。It looks as if it is going to rain.This is where our problem lies.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。,That is why he didnt come to the meeting.看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.,4.同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting.I have no idea when he will come back home.The thought came to him that Mary had probably,巩固练习1.Is that house_?A.that you are looking for B.what you are looking for C.you are looking for D.what are you looking for2.The North Pole isnt_ people would consider a pleasant place for creatures to live as the average winter temperature there is-40.A.which B.that C.how D.what3.At last,the soldiers reached_ the locals called the Golden Triangle.A.that B.where C.what D.the place4._ sometimes keeps her awake at night _ Jack is getting more and more quiet at home.A.it,what B.it,that C.what;what D.what;that,5.The children were making so much noise,and the teacher hurriedly went to see_.A.what the matter is B.what wrong was C.what was the matter D.what was the wrong6.Is _ Qinghai-Tibet Railways plays an important role in Chinas railway history the topic that you are coming to?A.that B.this C.it D.what7.The argument remains extremely heated _ there are necessary conditions of existence such as Water on the Mars.A.that B.which C.if D.whether8.Engines are to machines _ hearts are to animals.A.as B.that C.what D.which,Be a better man!,
