超级无敌全面的音标.ppt

音标,一：音素、音标、符号,1 音素：音素是语音里的最小单位，是字母在单词里的音，音的概念是靠听觉判断的。,2 音标：音素的书面符号，有一个因素就有一个相对应 的音标。,3 符号：/,音标分类,国际音标48，元音20辅音28，单元音共12，双元音8个整。有气有声浊辅音，有气无声清辅音，11清，17浊，辅音28要记清。,单元音,单元音,由一个元音构成,/i:/I/,/i:/发音时舌尖轻抵下齿，双唇扁平，声带振动。,字母及字母组合：-e:he she we ea:tea eat sea ee:bee see three,/I/,字母及字母组合：,y:city busy,family spicy,i:big pig lip,舌尖抵下齿，嘴唇扁平分开,发音短促。,e:beside jacket,/e/发音要点：舌尖轻抵下齿，唇形稍扁，上下齿间可容一食指，发音短促。,字母及字母组合:e:egg bell penea:head bread weather,/发音要点：舌尖抵下齿，口张大，上下齿之间可容约两指。字母 a:fat bag cat map,/bed/,/rest/,/ded/,/hed/,/dest/,/let/,/kp/,/flg/,/mp/,/bk/,/fkt/,/ft/,/blk/,/ks/,变音：,1.we pen,2.she he,3.egg bed,4.evening elephant,5.envelope escalator,1.找出发音不同的一项,1.A.gate B.cake C.name D.bag,2.A.ant B.apple C.face D.album,3.A alphabet B.and C.cap D.gate,4.A.lake B.class C.grade D.plane,/,发音要点：舌尖和舌端两侧触下齿，口型处于半开状态，呈半圆型，双唇向两边平伸，声带振动，声音短促而含糊。,字母及字母组合：,o:son money(在m,n,v或th之前）come month love,u:sun bus cup,/3:/,发音特点：舌尖抵下齿，舌身平放，唇型扁发长音。,常见字母及组合：ir:bird third firstor:word world worm(放在w后面）er:her person serveur:hurt fur,/,发音特点：舌尖轻抵下齿，口型处于半开状态，双唇略向两边伸，发音短促。,常见字母及组合：,a:ago China,er:later sister,/a:/,发音方法：舌尖离开下齿，口腔完全打开，是音标中所需口型最大的音标，发音时停顿稍长，声带振动。,常见字母及组合：,a:ask grass glass,ar:car card bark,al:half calm(后面是f或m时）,练习：,/a:sk/,/kla:s/,/ba:k/,/ka:d/,/pa:s/,/sf/,/kl/,/wri/,/trst/,/inf/,/u:/,发音要点：嘴型小而圆，微微外突，舌尖尽量后缩。,常见字母及字母组合：,o:do who whose,oo:food moon too,ui:fruit juice,u:ruler rude,/U/,发音方法：舌尖离开下齿，双唇收圆，发音短促。,常见字母及组合：,U:push pudding sugar,oo:foot look good,oo发/u:/最常见，d,k前oo短，Foot,food 恰相反。,好(good)脚(foot)站(stood)木(wood)羊毛(wool)短,/:/,发音要点：舌尖离开下齿，双唇收圆，向前突出，声带振动。,常见字母及字母组合：,aw:law draw,al:tall wall,or:short north form,our:four fourteen,/,发音要点：舌尖离开下齿，口张大，舌身放平，双唇收圆，发音短促。,常见字母：,o:hot dog sorry,a:want what watch(在w或wh后）,oo发/u:/最常见，d,k前oo短，Foot,food 恰相反。,好(good)脚(foot)站(stood)木(wood)羊毛(wool)短,/dt/,/lst/,/bs/,/rb/,/btm/,/pt/,练习：,/a:sk/,/kla:s/,/ba:k/,/ka:d/,/pa:s/,/sf/,/kl/,/wri/,/trst/,/inf/,/i:/I/,/e/,/,前元音,/,/:/,/,/3:/,中元音,/:/,/D/,/u:/,/,/a:/,后元音,/w:d/,/w:s/,/h:b/,/b:n/,/:t/,/i:g/,/m/,/kt/,/f:m/,/h:s/,/l:d/,/n:/,/k:t/,/f:m/,/rif:m/,/k:n/,/p:k/,/si:/,/swi:t/,/wi:k/,/mi:t/,/ni:d/,/ti:/,/i:t/,/fu:l/,/blu:m/,/fu:d/,/u:/,/lu:t/,/ru:/,/nu:dl/,/bslu:t/,/dt/,/lst/,/bs/,/rb/,/btm/,/pt/,/fi/,/wil/,/kid/,/sili/,/siti/,/hni/,/beibi/,/kuk/,/kuki/,/uk/,/gud/,/but/,/tuk/,/stud/,双元音,由2个元音构成,双元音,/ai/,/ei/,/i/,/u/,/I/,/e/,/u/,双元音是由 两个音合二为一，读音时，由第一个元音滑向第二个元音。,/au/,/ai/,i-e:bike hike nine,y:try dry sky,igh:light right high,发音要点：口张大略圆，由/a/音滑向/I/音。,音标对比：ai bat bite lamp line sack sign,/fain/,/lai/,/gaid/,/nait/,/ai/,/baid/,/drai/,/laik/,/baik/,a-e:same cake lake,ai:wait nail tail,/ei/,ay:play day say,发音要点：舌尖抵下齿，双唇扁平，由/e/向/I/滑动。,音标对比：ei e at eight bed bat bade set lab late pen sand same hen,/hei/,/dei/,/eim/,/seiv/,/eif/,/eip/,/bei/,/weist/,/i/,oi:oil soil,oy:boy toy,发音要诀：双唇外突成圆形，发音，逐渐过渡为双唇扁平分开，发I短音。,音标对比：boy boss toy top spoil stop,/di/,/kin/,/tis/,/din/,/si/,/tilit/,/niz/,/u/,o:most over nose,oa:road coat boat,ow:slow grow show,发音要诀：口半开半圆，舌后微微上升，过渡成双唇成圆形，。由 出发，然后把双唇收圆，滑向 u。,/tud/,/pust/,/nuz/,/bun/,/gu/,/smuk/,/au/,ou:out house about,ow:how down flower,发音要诀：将口张开略圆，由 a 平稳过渡到 u 音。滑动时双唇逐渐收成圆形。,音标对比：au u how hole loud load,/aut/,/kraun/,/sau/,/laud/,/hau/,/au/,ear:ear hear near,eer:beer deer peer,/I/,/e/,/u/,are:hare dare fare,air:hair fair pair,ear:pear wear bear,ere:where there,ure:sure,oor:poor boor,辅音,清浊成对的辅音,/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/,/,/,/t/,/d/,/tr/,/dr/,/ts/,/dz/,/f/,/v/,/s/,/z/,/,/,p p 是清辅音发音时声带不震动。注意在 s 音的后边,p 音要读成相应的浊辅音 b 发音组合：p代表单词：pay pipe put pie peach spy sport speak spill,b 发音时声带震动。发音组合：b(在词尾，前面有m时不发音）climb comb代表单词：bird bed bag big,t 发音时声带不震动,注意在 s 音的后边,t 音要读成相应的浊辅音 d 发音组合：t 代表单词：tea teacher team tip stop student stick,d 发音时声带震动。发音组合：d代表单词：do did does deer date,k 声带不产生震动。在 s 音后面读相应的浊辅音 g 放在前不发音：know knife发音组合：c k ck代表单词：cake car can cat come kite pick back sky skate,g 发音时声带震动。发音组合：g代表单词：go get big bag beg,f 发音要诀：上齿轻触下唇，用力将气流从唇齿之间吹出，引起摩擦成音 f，发音时声带不震动。,发音组合：f ph gh代表单词：five first life fine telephone elephant laugh,v 发音要诀：上齿轻触下唇，用力将气流从唇齿之间吹出，引起摩擦成音。发音时声带震动。发音组合：v 代表单词：vote vat very,发音要诀：舌尖轻触上齿背，气流由舌齿间窄缝泄出，摩擦成音。声带不震动。发音组合：th 代表单词：think teeth thick thank tooth mouth faith,发音要诀：舌尖轻触上齿背，气流由舌齿间窄缝泄出，摩擦成音,声带震动。发音组合：th 代表单词：this that these those they,发音时声带不震动。发音组合：sh代表单词：ship fish sheet sheep dish,发音时声带震动。发音组合：s代表单词：pleasure usual leisure measure,s 发音时声带不震动.发音组合：s c 代表单词：seem set seek say see face ice race price,z 发音要诀：双唇微开，上下齿接近于合拢状态，舌端靠近齿龈(不要贴住)，气流由齿龈之间泄出，摩擦成音,声带震动。发音组合：z s代表单词：zoo prize zeal raise knees eyes,t发音时声带不震动。发音组合：ch 代表单词：cheap child chest choke check,d发音时声带震动。发音组合：j g代表单词：jeep joke juice gin change,tr 声带不震动。发音组合：tr代表单词：tree treat trip train tram,dr 声带震动。发音组合:dr代表单词:dream drag draw drink children,ts 声带不震动，类似于“刺”音。发音组合：ts 代表单词：sits seats mates parents,dz 声带震动.发音组合：ds 代表单词：needs seeds spends,h 发音组合：h wh【注意】wh 在元音字母o前才发此音。代表单词：hot home house horse hate whole who whose whom,r 发音要诀：唇形稍圆，舌尖向上齿龈后部上卷，双唇略突出，声带振动。发音组合：r wr代表单词：race red rice rain right road wrong write,m 发音要诀：双唇闭拢，舌放平，气流从鼻腔泄出。声带震动发音。发音组合：m代表单词：some come dime mother map moon,n 发音要诀：双唇微开，舌尖紧贴上齿龈，形成阻 碍，使气流从鼻腔中发出。发音组合：n代表单词：noon nose note not no nothing moon soon son gun thin run,发音要诀：软颚下垂，堵住口腔通道，气流从鼻腔泄出。发音时声带震动。发音组合：ng n 代表单词：sing song singer king thing,w 发音要诀：声带震动。发音组合：w wh代表单词：wait west way wet will wide,j 发音要诀：双唇微开，向两旁伸展成扁平形，声带震动。舌抵下齿，舌前部向硬颚尽量抬起，气流摩擦而出。发音组合：y代表单词：year yes yet yard young you,l 发音要诀：双唇微开，舌端紧抵上齿龈，气流从舌的一侧泄出。震动声带。注意:l 有两个发音，即清晰音 l 和含糊音 l 发清晰音 l 时出现在元音前面。发含糊音 l 时出现在辅音前面和词的末尾。发音组合:l 代表单词：清晰音 l let lad late laid leap lap 代表单词：含糊音 l deal tell belt sale table,五个元音字母,Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu,一个半元音字母,Yy,/bed/,/rest/,/ded/,/hed/,/dest/,/let/,/kp/,/flg/,/mp/,/bk/,/fkt/,/ft/,/blk/,/ks/,/dt/,/lst/,/bs/,/rb/,/btm/,/pt/,/dt/,/lst/,/bs/,/rb/,/btm/,/pt/,练习：,/a:sk/,/kla:s/,/ba:k/,/ka:d/,/pa:s/,/sf/,/kl/,/wri/,/trst/,/inf/,a-e:same cake lake,ai:wait nail tail,/ei/,ay:play day say,发音要点：舌尖抵下齿，双唇扁平，由/e/向/I/滑动。,音标对比：ei e at eight bed bat bade set lab late pen sand same hen,音标对比：ai bat bite lamp line sack sign,/i/,oi:oil soil,oy:boy toy,发音要诀：双唇外突成圆形，发音，逐渐过渡为双唇扁平分开，发I短音。,音标对比：boy boss toy top spoil stop,/u/,o:most over nose,oa:road coat boat,ow:slow grow show,发音要诀：口半开半圆，舌后微微上升，过渡成双唇成圆形，。由 出发，然后把双唇收圆，滑向 u。,/au/,ou:out loud sour,ow:how down flower,发音要诀：将口张开略圆，由 a 平稳过渡到 u 音。滑动时双唇逐渐收成圆形。,音标对比：au u how hole loud load,ear:ear hear fear,eer:beer deer peer,/I/,/e/,/u/,are:hare dare fare,air:hair fair pair,ear:pear wear bear,ere:where there,ure:sure,oor:poor boor,our:tour,b 发音时声带震动。发音组合：b 代表单词：bird bed bag big buy,t 发音时声带不震动,注意在 s 音的后边,t 音要读成相应的浊辅音 d 发音组合：t 代表单词：tea teacher team tip stop student stick,d 发音时声带震动。发音组合：d代表单词：do did does deer date,k 声带不产生震动。在 s 音后面读相应的浊辅音 g 发音组合：c k ck代表单词：cake car can cat come kite pick back sky skate,g 发音时声带震动。发音组合：g代表单词：geese go get big bag beg,f 发音要诀：上齿轻触下唇，用力将气流从唇齿之间吹出，引起摩擦成音 f，发音时声带不震动。,发音组合：f ph gh代表单词：five first life fine telephone elephant laugh,v 发音要诀：上齿轻触下唇，用力将气流从唇齿之间吹出，引起摩擦成音。发音时声带震动。发音组合：v 代表单词：vote vat very,发音要诀：舌尖轻触上齿背，气流由舌齿间窄缝泄出，摩擦成音。声带不震动。发音组合：th 代表单词：think teeth thick thank tooth mouth faith,发音要诀：舌尖轻触上齿背，气流由舌齿间窄缝泄出，摩擦成音,声带震动。发音组合：th 代表单词：this that these those they,发音时声带不震动。发音组合：sh代表单词：ship fish sheet sheep dish,发音时声带震动。发音组合：s代表单词：pleasure usual leisure measure,s 发音时声带不震动.发音组合：s c 代表单词：seem set seek say see face ice race price,z 发音要诀：双唇微开，上下齿接近于合拢状态，舌端靠近齿龈(不要贴住)，气流由齿龈之间泄出，摩擦成音,声带震动。发音组合：z s代表单词：zoo prize zeal raise knees eyes,h 发音组合：h wh【注意】wh 在元音字母o前才发此音。代表单词：hot home house horse hate whole who whose whom,r 发音要诀：唇形稍圆，舌尖向上齿龈后部上卷，双唇略突出，声带振动。发音组合：r wr代表单词：race red rice rain right road wrong write,t发音时声带不震动。发音组合：ch 代表单词：cheap child chest choke check,d发音时声带震动。发音组合：j g代表单词：jeep joke jew juice gin change,tr 声带不震动。发音组合：tr代表单词：tree treat trip train tram,dr 声带震动。发音组合:dr代表单词:dream drag draw drink children,ts 声带不震动，类似于“刺”音。发音组合：ts 代表单词：sits seats mates parents,dz 声带震动.发音组合：ds 代表单词：needs seeds spends hands,m 发音要诀：双唇闭拢，舌放平，气流从鼻腔泄出。声带震动发音。发音组合：m代表单词：some come dime mother map moon,n 发音要诀：双唇微开，舌尖紧贴上齿龈，形成阻 碍，使气流从鼻腔中发出。发音组合：n代表单词：noon nose note not no nothing moon soon son gun thin run,发音要诀：软颚下垂，堵住口腔通道，气流从鼻腔泄出。发音时声带震动。发音组合：ng n 代表单词：sing song singer king thing,l 发音要诀：双唇微开，舌端紧抵上齿龈，气流从舌的一侧泄出。震动声带。注意:l 有两个发音，即清晰音 l 和含糊音 l 发清晰音 l 时出现在元音前面。发含糊音 l 时出现在辅音前面和词的末尾。发音组合:l 代表单词：清晰音 l let lad late laid leap lap 代表单词：含糊音 l deal tell belt sale table,w 发音要诀：声带震动。发音组合：w wh代表单词：wait west way wet will wide,j 发音要诀：双唇微开，向两旁伸展成扁平形，声带震动。舌抵下齿，舌前部向硬颚尽量抬起，气流摩擦而出。发音组合：y代表单词：year yes yet yard young you,清浊成对的辅音,/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/,/,/,/t/,/d/,/tr/,/dr/,/ts/,/dz/,/f/,/v/,/s/,/z/,/,/,五个元音字母,Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu,一个半元音字母,Yy,