翻译第四四六级汉译英翻译2.ppt

,翻译讲座,第一讲 翻译概论 第二讲 英译汉的技巧 第三讲 长句的翻译 考研翻译 第四讲 四六级汉译英翻译,翻译讲座,第四讲四六级汉译英翻译,第四讲 四六级汉译英翻译,第一节 四六级汉译英翻译简介第二节 四级翻译实例第三节 六级翻译实例,第一节 四六级汉译英翻译简介,一、考查范围及注意事项二、常见问题和应对政策 三、标准、方法及步骤四、需要重点掌握的特殊句型和结构五、翻译练习安排,第一节 四六级汉译英翻译简介 一、考查范围及注意事项,四六级考试中，翻译部分占5，主要考查汉译英，测试的是词汇、句子、短语或常用表达层次上的中译英能力。和考研翻译考试相比，比较简单：1.大学英语教材每课都有汉译英练习，是学生非常熟悉的题型；2.内容单纯，不需要专业理论知识，只是一般的短句翻译，没有大主题语境，很少涉及翻译的深层技巧与文化背景知识；3.名为翻译，实为补全句子，考查句型、语法结构和词组运用知识。每句只涉及15个左右的英语词，需添入的部分也只有3到8个单词。因此，该部分考点的实质仍是基础知识，备考时需牢固掌握核心的词汇、语法等知识点，无需钻研翻译技能和英美文化背景知识。需要注意：汉译英部分的做题时间只有5分钟，这就意味着考生必须对知识点掌握足够熟练，满足考题在测试速度上的要求。,第一节 四六级汉译英翻译简介 二、常见问题和应对政策,1.理解、表达不到位是翻译的最大问题。2.理解的关键在于理解句子的语法结构。3.表达的关键在于用符合英语语言习惯 表达方式来做适当调整。4.加强句法和词汇基础，持之以恒。,第一节 四六级汉译英翻译简介 三、标准、方法及步骤,1.标准：准确、通顺、完整。2.方法：以直译为主，适当意译。3.步骤：通读全句，准确理解，确定关键词，寻找相应的英文表达；分析成分，划分意群；选择词义，贴切表达，利用恰当的语法结构或功能连接方式将词或词组连接起来；适当调整，结合待翻译的文字在句子中所处的位置与功能，根据句法结构理顺语言。,第一节 四六级汉译英翻译简介 四、需要重点掌握的特殊句型和结构,强调结构 定语 1)分词短语作定语；2）不定式作定语；3）介词短语作定语；4）形容词做定语 上述成分做定语时，一般来说，应把定语翻译在中心词前面。,第一节 四六级汉译英翻译简介 四、需要重点掌握的特殊句型和结构,比较结构 1)As.as；2)not so A asB；3)rather Athan B；4)less Amore B等,no more.than,1.不过，至多，不超过，仅仅2.同一样不，和同样不3.仅仅，只是The truth of the matter is that the Web is no more inherently dangerous than anything else in the world.（exp4-1-B）In fact,the Web in itself is as safe as anything else in the world.,inherently ad.内在地；固有地；天性地 by its or ones nature;intrinsically(adv.本质地；内在地；固有地),ExamplesThe high speed and high power that are so essential for the successful operation of the military planes are inherently uneconomical.(不经济的；浪费的；不节俭的)It seems that human beings are inherently social animals.,Id no more scribble all over a first edition of“Paradise Lost”than Id give my baby a set of crayons and an original Rembrandt!I wouldnt mark up a painting or a statue.Its soul,so to speak,is inseparable from its body.And the beauty of a rare edition or of a richly manufactured volume is like that of a painting or a statue.(writing between the lines),Is it false respect,you may ask,to preserve intact and unblemished a beautifully printed book,an elegantly bound edition?Of course not.Id no more scribble all over a first edition of“Paradise Lost”than Id give my baby a set of crayons and an original Rembrandt!I wouldnt mark up a painting or a statue.Its soul,so to speak,is inseparable from its body.And the beauty of a rare edition or of a richly manufactured volume is like that of a painting or a statue.(writing between the lines),第一节 四六级汉译英翻译简介 四、需要重点掌握的特殊句型和结构,并列结构 两个或两个以上的并列成分有明显的连词标记或标点符号连接，如：and,or,but,both and,neither nor,not but,not onlybut also 等。,第一节 四六级汉译英翻译简介 四、需要重点掌握的特殊句型和结构,否定结构 1)部分否定 如：All that glitters is not gold.2)形式否定，内容肯定 如：His contribution can not be exaggerated.他的贡献极大。3)形式肯定，内容否定 如：He is anything but/except a scholar.他绝不是一个学者。,1.I have read your articles,but I expect to meet an older man.我读过你的文章，但没料到你这样年轻。2.He would be the last man to say such things.他绝不可能说这种话。3.But that is very extraordinary.It seems against nature.不过那件事很不寻常，似乎不符合自然规律。4.Time is what we want most,but what many use worst.时间是我们最缺少的，但偏偏许多人最不善于利用时间。5.Until she spoke I had not realized she was foreign.她要是不说话，我还一直不知道她是外国人。,6.There are many energy sources in store.The problem has been to use the energy at a reasonable cost.有许多能源尚未开发。问题始终是要以一个合理的代价利用这些能源。and BP said 2.8 billion barrels in proven reserves remained.7.I am wiser than to believe such stories.我还不至于蠢到竟然相信这种谎言。8.You know better than(to do)that.很懂得（而不至于）；明白事理而不至于,9.A book may be compared to your neighbor:if it is good,it cannot last too long;if bad,you cannot get rid of it too early.书好比邻居，如果是本好书，相伴得越久越好；如果是本坏书，越早摆脱掉越好。10.There is no evil without compensation.恶有恶报。11.There is not any advantage without disadvantage.有一利必有一弊。12.It is impossible but that a man will make some mistakes.人都会犯错误。（也可译为“人不会不犯错误”。）,It never rains but it pours.There is no doubt but right will prevail.毫无疑问，正义将取得胜利。There never is a tax law presented but someone will oppose it.现行的税法没有一条是没人反对的。,否定的陷阱,英语中的一些否定结构如果按字面意义理解很容易出错，这些结构我们称之为“否定的陷阱”。下面就是一些有代表性的结构。1.not.because（并非因为而）1)The engine didnt stop because the fuel was finished.引擎并不是因为燃料耗尽而停止运转的。2)Gates didnt drop out because he wanted to avoid work but to start his company.盖茨辍学不是想逃避学业,而是为了开办自己的公司。Dont be afraid of others,because they are bigger than you.？,否定的陷阱,2.cannot.too（怎么也不）这次战役的重要性无论怎么强调也不过分。The importance of this campaign cannot be overestimated.3.all/every.not（并非都）发光的并不一定都是金子。All that glitters is not gold.,否定的陷阱,4.both.not（并非两者都）But you see,we both cannot go together.Both of us do not know English.Neither of us know English.5.for all.（尽管；不；说不定）She seemed as fresh as ever,for all that I never saw her drink or eat.尽管我从未见到她喝点什么或吃点什么，她似乎仍然精神饱满。,第六节 正反译法 五、否定的陷阱,6.It+be+adj.+noun+that+表示否定意义的词.再也难免）1.It is a good workman that never blunders.智者千虑，必有一失。（也可译为“再聪明的工匠也难免出错”。）2.It is a long lane that has no turning.路必有弯谚 事必有变(指事情必有转机,常用于安慰和鼓励灰心丧气的人)。路无不转；耐心等待终会时来运转。,有些英语词语或句子正译、反译皆可，两者并无实质性差别，究竟采用何种译法主要依据个人行文习惯或视具体的上下文而定。He realized that he was in trouble.他感到自己的处境不妙。他意识到自己遇到麻烦了。,第一节 四六级汉译英翻译简介 四、需要重点掌握的特殊句型和结构,形式主语如：It must be admitted that 必须承认It can not be denied that There is no denying that 不可否认 It can be said without exaggeration that 可以毫不夸张地说 It is safe/fair to say that 可以说,第一节 四六级汉译英翻译简介 四、需要重点掌握的特殊句型和结构,倒装句 虚拟语气 分词、动名词 不定式,第一节 四六级汉译英翻译简介 五、翻译练习安排,1.坚持每天练习：3-5分钟做翻译(卡表做)；8-12分钟调整译文，结合词典、语法书对照答案；2.借用英英字典养成良好的英文思维习惯；3.每天做阅读中的难句一句。,第一节 四六级汉译英翻译简介,鉴于新四六级翻译考查的实质其实仍然是基础语法和基础词汇知识，本讲座不再详细讲解。以下是大纲样题与2006年6月真题对照，供大家参考。,第二节 四级翻译实例讲解 2006年6月真题,87.Having spent some time in the city,he had no trouble _(找到去历史博物馆的路).本句意为：因为在城里呆了很久，他很容易找到去历史博物馆的路。参考答案：finding the way to the history museum考察的是have(no)trouble(in)doing sth.这一词组，关键是看考生在答案中是否使用了动名词形式。,第二节 四级翻译实例讲解 2006年6月真题,88._(为了挣钱供我上学),Mother often takes on more work than is good for her.本句意为：为了挣钱供我上学，妈妈经常做太多的工作。参考答案：In order to support my university studies(to finance my education)不定式作目的状语，因此最好的方式必然是以“in order to”或“to”开头。,第二节 四级翻译实例讲解 2006年6月真题,89.The professor required that _(我们交研究报告)。本句意为：教授要我们交研究报告。参考答案:we hand in our research report(s)require that是虚拟语气句型:require that sb.(should)do sth.；require sb.to do sth.;require sth.of sb.,第二节 四级翻译实例讲解 2006年6月真题,参考答案：the more confused I am,90.The more you explain,_(我愈糊涂).本句意为：你越解释，我越糊涂。,考生应该十分熟悉的the more,the more 句型。,第二节 四级翻译实例讲解 2006年6月真题,91.Though a skilled worker,_(他被公司解雇了).本句意为：尽管他技术不错，但是他还是被公司解雇了。,参考答案：he was fired by the company,though引导让步状语从句时，主句不应有but存在。同时考察被动语态的考点。,第三节 六级翻译实例讲解2011.6,82.would rather stop to appreciate the beautiful scenery would rather stop for the beautiful scenery83.neither of them was willing to give up their standpoints neither chose to give up its own position either side refuses to soften their positions either side would not give up its own position,84.could have cured the patient of cancer could have cured the cancer patient 85.very nice of you to help me so much so/really kind of you to have given me so much help really kind of you to give me so much help86.before they were able to reunite before they saw each other again,Before,1.It was some time before the door opened in response to his ring.他按过门铃后好一会儿门才打开。Kelman had a book published in the U.S.more than a decade before a British publisher would touch him.科尔曼在美国已经出版了一本书，十多年后英国的出版商才愿意出版他的作品。2.There was additional work to be done before all the troops would be ready.在全军准备就绪之前还有些事情要做。,Before,3.(空间、次序、等级或重要性方面)在之前；优于，先于；我们总是认为质量比数量重要。Weve always put quality before quantity.我认为青春重于美貌。I think that age is before beauty.4.在将来：The bright future is before us.光明的未来就在我们前面。5.与其宁可，(宁可而)不愿：宁死不屈 to choose death before dishonour,Before,6.对于，关于：Thats a crime before God and humanity.对上帝和人类来说，那都是犯罪的行为。7.在的强大影响下，在的压力下，在威力下：在暴风雨的威力下树被吹弯了。The trees were bending before the storm.,Before,Many of us have also learned to become far better listeners thanks to the Internet.Not only do we choose our words more carefully but we(especially those who communicate via email as opposed to chat rooms)are forced to wait until the other person finishes before we can speak or respond.,Before we know it,1.Like alcohol,the Web simply magnifies what is already there:Experts are concerned that the masking that goes on online poses a danger for everyone who is a part of the Digital Culture.Before we know it,the experts tell us,we will all use fake identities,become fragmented,and will no longer be sure of just who we are.Wrong.2.One day,we put it out before we know its days are always the most vivid past.有一天，我们把它拿出来，才知道它最鲜活的日子已经永远过去。,Before we know it,3.The dog snot out of the gate and was half way across the field before we know it.狗从大门口蹿出去，当我们发觉时，它已经穿过半块田地了。4.Then,sometimes,before we know it,we were already on a path where theres no turning back.也正因如此，我们有时候会在不知不觉中走上一条不归路。,第三节 六级翻译实例 2010年6月六级翻译真题,82._(他们的独生儿子从未想过)to leave them and strike out on his own though he is in his late twenties.83.Before you take any action,please remember to _(权衡你的决定会产生的后果).84.He assured his friend that under no circumstances _(他会违背还钱的承诺).85.Most educators advise that kids _(不要沉溺于电脑游戏).86.Business major as he is,he has _(从未考虑过从事推销员工作).,第三节 六级翻译实例 2010年6月,82._(他们的独生儿子从未想过)to leave them and strike out on his own though he is in his late twenties.83.Before you take any action,please remember to _(权衡你的决定会产生的后果).84.He assured his friend that under no circumstances _(他会违背还钱的承诺).85.Most educators advise that kids _(不要沉溺于电脑游戏).86.Business major as he is,he has _(从未考虑过从事推销员工作).,第三节 六级翻译实例2010年6月,82._(他们的独生儿子从未想过)to leave them and strike out on his own though he is in his late twenties.Their only son has never thought 83.Before you take any action,please remember to _(权衡你的决定会产生的后果).weigh your decision against its possible consequences.84.He assured his friend that under no circumstances _(他会违背还钱的承诺).would he break/breach his promise/commitment to pay back the money.,第三节 六级翻译实例 2010年6月,85.Most educators advise that kids _(不要沉溺于电脑游戏).should not be addicted to computer gamesshould not indulge themselves in computer games should not abandon themselves to computer games.86.Business major as he is,he has _(从未考虑过从事推销员工作).never considered working as a salesman.,第三节 六级翻译实例 07年6月六级A卷翻译真题,82.The auto manufacturers found themselves _(正在同外国公司竞争市场的份额).83.Only in the small town _(他才感到安全和放松).84.It is absolutely unfair that these children _(被剥夺了受教育的权利).85.Our years of hard work are all in vain,_(更别提我们花费的大量金钱了).86.The problems of blacks and women _(最近几十年受到公众相当大的关注).,第三节 六级翻译实例 07年6月六级A卷翻译参考答案,peting with overseas companies for market share or competing with foreign companies for market share 考察非谓语动词、固定搭配 compete with sb.for sth.以及常用词组 market share 83.is he able to feel secured and relaxed 考察only 开头的倒装句，以及重点词汇 secure,relax 过去分词作表语形容词的用法84.be deprived of the right to receive education/be denied the right to receive education 考察虚拟语气、固定搭配 be deprived of,be denied.,第三节 六级翻译实例 07年6月六级A卷翻译参考答案,85.let alone/not to speak of the large sum of money we have spent考察固定搭配let alone,not to speak of86.have received/got great attention from the public in the recent tens of years or have been concerned for by the public in the recent decades考察固定搭配 receive/get attention from sb.;sb.be concerned for sth.,第三节 六级翻译实例 2008.6,82.We can say a lot of things about those.(毕生致力于诗歌的人).They are passionate,impulsive and unique.83.Mary couldnt have received my letter,.(否则她上周就该回信了).84.Nancy is supposed(做完化学实验)at least two weeks ago.85.Never once(老两口相互争吵)since they were married 40 years ago.86.(一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于)the quality of education.,2008.6 参考答案,82.who are devoted to poems in their whole lives or who devoted their whole lives to poems83.or she should have made a reply last week or she should have replied last week84.to have finished her chemistry experiment 85.have the old couple quarreled with each other 86.The prosperity of a nation depends largely on or The future prosperity of a nation largely depends on,第四节 相关练习Our enemies watch their time and _（妄图东山再起）.2)Mr.Jack walked out on his wife and _（带着他的孩子离开了家）.3)Mrs.Beck _（一直受到她丈夫照管）since she was collapsed.4)He has no money，so he _（不得不收回自己说过的话）.5)The runner _（被剥夺掉金牌）for mens 100-meter dash at games because he was found to have taken stimulants.本练习转载自:url=http:/英语六级考试网/url,参考答案1)try in vain to stage a comeback 解析：“妄图”本身具有很强的感情色彩，它包括这样两层意思：第一，试图做某事；第二，这种尝试是徒劳的。因此，在翻译时一定要注意译文的准确性。译文中的in vain意思即为“徒劳的，无效的”。“东山再起”也是一个惯用表达，英语可以说 stage a comeback，stage作动词，表示筹备、策划；comeback是一个复合词，表示恢复、复原。,参考答案2)left home with his children解析：本句是一个并列复合句，由 and 连接。前半句谓语动 词是 walked，后半句谓语动词是“离开”，而“带着他 的孩子”作为伴随状语说明“离开了家”的状态，可以 用“with名词”或“bringing名词”的结构。本句还有一个难点是固定短语 walk out on sb.的用法，意思是“抛弃某人、离开某人”，如：You want to walk out on me when I badly need you.（你在我正需要你的时候却想离开我。）,参考答案3)has been under the care of her husband解析：since暗示前面动作的延续性，本句意为：自从贝克太太身体垮下来之后，就一直受到丈夫的照管。句子需填入部分要用现在完成时。collapse有时也可以指精神的崩溃。如：Being pressed too much，one would collapse.（压力过大会使人崩溃。）,参考答案4)had to swallow his words解析：本题考查对习语swallow ones words的理解，swallow指“吞咽”，所以很多考生会望文生义，认为“swallow ones words”意思是“食言”。“食言”是指说过的话不算话，不讲信用，应该英译成break ones promise 或 break ones words。,参考答案5)was deprived of his gold medal解析：本句意为：因为有人发现这位赛跑运动员在赛前吃了激素，他被剥夺掉了100米冲刺的金牌。“被剥夺”可以选用 be deprived of 或 be stripped of，大家要注意区别 deprive 和 derive 的区别。两者含义不同。Derive表示“得自、起源”，常与from搭配使用。如：Many English words were originally derived from Latin.（许多英语单词最初都源自拉丁文。）,二十个英语六级考试阅读难点关键句翻译,1.Wearing a seat belt saves lives：it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.2.But it will be the drivers responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.3.However,you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing your vehicle;or you are making a local delivery or collection using a special vehicle;or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it.,二十个英语六级考试阅读难点关键句翻译,4.Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so,and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.5.Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age,and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.6.With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University,he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.,二十个英语六级考试阅读难点关键句翻译,7.Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain,which relate to intellect(智能)and emotion,and determine the human character.8.Contraction of front and side parts as cells die off was observed in some subjects in their thirties,but it was still not evident in some sixty and seventy-year-olds.9.The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.,二十个英语六级考试阅读难点关键句翻译,10.White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are,however,as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker,bus driver and shop assistant.11.We know that you have a high opinion of the kind of learning taught in your college