形容词及其用法.ppt
形容词及其用法,形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的 clever dry fat heavy golden2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。这类词还有：well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。,3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如：something nice以-ly结尾的形容词 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。,分词当形容词用现在分词（ing形式）和过去分词（ed形式）都可以当形容词用，用这类分词的时候要小心，且勿互相搞混。现在分词（ing形式）（如amusing有趣的，boring无聊的，tiring使人疲劳的）是主动语态，指产生某种效果或感触。过去分词（ed形式）（如amused感到有趣，horrified感到恐惧，tired感到疲劳）是被动语态，指所受影响是怎样的。,The play was boring.(the audience was bored.)这场演出没意思。（观众感到没意思）The work was tiring.(the workers were soon tired)这是一项繁重的工作（工人们很快就累了）,多个形容词修饰名词的顺序多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)-出处-材料性质，类别-名词,a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car,典型例题:1）Tony is going camping with _ boys.A.little two otherB.two little other C.two other little D.little other two2)One day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace.A.old Chinese stone B.Chinese old stone C.old stone ChineseD.Chinese stone old3)-How was your recent visit to Qingdao?-It was great.We visited some friends，and spent the _days at the seaside.A.few last sunny B.last few sunny C.last sunny few D.few sunny last,副词及其基本用法,副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。一、副词的位置：1）在动词之前。2）在be动词、助动词之后。3）多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。注意：a.大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.b.方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。He speaks English well.,二、副词的排列顺序：1）时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。2）方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。Please write slowly and carefully.3）多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。I dont know him well enough.There is enough food for everyone to eat.There is food enough for everyone to eat.,形容词与副词的比较级,大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1)规则变化 单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词tall(高的)tallertallest未尾加-er,-estgreat(巨大的)greater greatest 以不发音的e结尾nice(好的)nicernicest的单音词和少数 large(大的)larger largest以-le结尾的双able（有能力的)ablerablest,音节词只加-r,-st以一个辅音字母big(大的)bigger biggest结尾的闭音节单hot热的)hotter hottest音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est“以辅音字母+y”easy(容易的)easier easiest结尾的双音节词，busy(忙的)busier busiest改y为i，再加-er，-est少数以-er，-owclever(聪明的)cleverer cleverest结尾的双音节词narrow(窄的)narrower narrowest未尾加-er，-est其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级。important(重要的)more important most important easily(容易地)more easilymost easily,2)不规则变化原级 比较级最高级 good(好的)/betterbest bad(坏的)/worseworstold(老的)older/elder oldest/eldest much/many(多的)more mostlittle(少的)lessleastfar(远的)farther/further farthest/furthest,可修饰比较级的词1）a bit,a little,rather,much,far,by far,many,a lot,lots,a great deal,any,still,even等2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。3）以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。典型例题:1）-Are you feeling _?-Yes，Im fine now.A.any wellB.any betterC.quite good D.quite better,2）The experiment was_ easier than we had expected.A.more B.much more C.much D.more much3）If there were no examinations,we should have _ at school.A.the happiest timeB.a more happier timeC.much happiest time D.a much happier time,和more有关的词组1)the more the more越就越 The harder you work，the greater progress youll make.2)more B than A与其说A不如说B less A than B He is more lazy than slow at his work.=He is less slow than lazy at his work.3)no more than 与一样，不比多 The officials could see no more than the Emperor.no less than与一样He is no less diligent than you.4)more than不只是，非常She is more than kind to us all.,典型例题1）The weather in China is different from_.A.in America B.one in America C.America D.that in America 2）After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced _ tractors in 1988 as the year before.A.as twice manyB.as many twiceC.twice as manyD.twice many as,
