开放英语1基础语法(代词).ppt
代词,概述,代词(pronoun/pron.)：代替名词、数词等,如we/many分类如下：人称代词：I/he/she/you/they/we 物主代词：my/his/her/your/their/our 反身代词:myself/himself/yourself指示代词:this/that/these/those/such 疑问代词:who/what/which/whom/whose 关系代词:who/whom/whose/which/that连接代词:what/who/whom/which/whoever不定代词:some-/any-/no-,代词的部分语法功能与名词一致，可以在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、补语和同位语另外有的还做定语，如形容词性物主代词、指示代词等,人称代词,主格I He/she/itYou We They 在主语的位置,宾格Me Him/her/it You Us Them 作为动词或介词的宾语,人称代词的使用,1 当两个以上的人称并列时，顺序为第二、第三、第一人称You,he and I are all college students.Your brother and I both like music.are you and he going to England on holiday?2 作表语时,在正式的场合用主格,口语中一般用宾格Who is it？Its me.,It 的用法,1 代替上下文出现的非生命的单数名词I like the book very much.It is very interesting.2 作主语，表示时间、距离、价钱、天气等Its 9 oclock now.It will be fine tomorrow.3 做形式主语或宾语Its good to see you.We feel it better that we did that right now.4 强调句中作引导词，引出需要强调的部分It was his work during the weekend that exhausted him.,物主代词,形容词性My His/her/itsYour Our Their作定语,名词性MineHis/hers/itsYours Ours Theirs 相当于名词，作主、宾或表语,使用,形容词性修饰之后名词/代词，作为定语名词性的可以独立使用，作为主语、宾语、表语等He put on his clothes.May I borrow your pen?Yours(=your pen)writes better than mine(=my pen).,反身代词,Myself Himself/herself/itself Yourself Ourselves Yourselves Themselves 注意复数人称有复数形式,使用,1 做宾语表示动作对象是动作的执行者本身She had to look after herself.她的自己照料自己（主语和宾语是同一人）2 强调亲自，作同位语，位置灵活，可以省略I have talked to her myself我亲自和她谈过了。或I myself have talked to her.3 在某些短语中，如by oneself 独自地For oneself 替自己,为自己,相互代词,Each other One another 作为宾语For years the two sisters looked after one another/each other.多年来姊妹两人相互照顾。,指示代词,This that,These Those,不定代词,代替或修饰任何不定数量或不定范围内的人或事，有All,another,any(-thing,-body,-one),both,each,either,every(-thing,-body,-one),few,little,many,much,neither,no(-thing,-body,-one),none,one,other,some(-thing,-body,-one),表示两个人（或物）,Both 两者（都）表示肯定 Neither两者（都不）表示否定 Either 两者中的任一个，表示肯定作主语、宾语、定语Both of you are right.Neither seat is occupied.（占用）You make take either road,All/each/every-/some/any,All 所有/全体，代替可数名词时，谓语动词用复数；不可数名词时，用单数Each 每一个，强调个体，谓语动词用单数Every(-thing,-body,-one）每个（事/人），谓语动词用单数Some 一些，常用在肯定句，代替可数名词，谓语动词用复数；不可数名词时，用单数some(-thing,-body,-one）一些事情/人，常用于肯定句，谓语动词用单数Any 一些，常用在否定和疑问句，代替可数名词时，谓语动词用复数；不可数名词时，用单数any(-thing,-body,-one）一些事情/人，常用于否定/疑问句，谓语动词用单数,使用注意,Any/any(-thing,-body,-one）也可以用在肯定句，表示“任何/任何事情（人）凡带-thing,-body,-one的不定代词，其形容词修饰语一律放在后面，如something good/bad,Another/other（s）,1 Another（众多中的）另一个（泛指）;再一个I do not like this one,please give me another.我不喜欢这个，给另外一个（还有其他）She would have to stay here another week.Just think what our country will be like in another ten years.other 另外的人/事，复数形式为others2 The other 指两者中的另一个（特指）Onethe other（两个中）一个，另一个Ive got two brothers.One is an Engineer,and the other is a manager.3 The others 其余的人/事（特指）Others 别人/事（泛指）Some will go to Beijing.The others will go to Shanghai.Others may not agree with you.其他人未必同意你的观点。（泛指）,one,用来代替上下文提到的可数的名词/代词同类中的一个，复数形式为ones,可以用定冠词、形容词和指示形容词限定I havent a dictionary but I am going to buy one.I prefer the black one.Tom has a red pencil and two blue ones.,Few Little Many Much A few A little,None/no(-thing,-body,one),表示否定意义None 表示可数/不可数的人/物，没有任何一个，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数no(-thing,-body,one)没有任何人/事物，谓语动词用单数None of my friends live(s)near here.None of the furniture家具 gets wet.It is nothing serious.没什么大不了的。,
