定语从句的最基本用法.ppt

,定语从句,一.定语从句的基本定义,放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。,一.定语从句的基本定义,Underline the attributive clauses:,Dont forget the things that once you owned.Treasure the things that you cant get.Dont give up the things that belong to you and keep those lost things in memory.,曾经拥有的，不要忘记。不能得到的，更要珍惜。属于自己的，不要放弃。已经失去的，留作回忆。,英语中的定语是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面，a beautiful girl a lovely boy（形容词作定语）定语是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面，如：She is the girl in red.（介词短语作定语）The lady carried a bag full of money.（形容词短语作定语）He is the man who you are looking for.（定语从句作定语）,定语从句,(Attributive clause),Harry Porter is a smart boy.,Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.,形容词作定语,句子作定语,修饰boy,叫做定语从句,Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.,先行词,关系词,定语从句,which,who,whom,whose,that,where,when，why,语法讲解 定语从句（the attributive clause）,被定语从句限定的词是_，引导定语从句的词叫做 _ 或 _。,关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即连接（连接定语从句和主句）、替代（替代前面的 先行词）、成分（在定语从句中要充当一定的句子成分）。,在复合句中，充当_ 用的从句是定语从句,“先行词”,“关系代词”,“关系副词”,形容词,先行词和关系词的关系,1.A plane is a machine that can fly.2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.4.The school where I study is far from my home.,the machine=that,the boy=who,the boys=whose,in the school=where,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.,关系代词的实质,a machine,the machine,Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.,关系代词的实质,a machine,that/which,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,that/who/whom,The girl,注意避免重复,Correct the mistakes,1.Under the big tree are 34 students,many of them come from class two.2.My mother has a good book,which cover looks terrible.3.This is the very pen that you gave it to me before.4.There is an old woman,that is holding a stick.,whom,whose,it,who,三.关系代词的基本用法和注意点,1.关系代词的基本用法,三.1.关系代词的基本用法,Revision1 relative pronoun,who,whom,which,that,whose,relative adverb,when,where,why,time,place,reason,时间状语,地点状语,原因状语,Have a try,指出关系代词在定语从句中的成份：1.The man who came to our school is Mr.Wang.()2.The girl(whom)I met is Lucy.()3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.()4.I like the book(which)you bought yesterday.(),主语宾语定语宾语,which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。,These are the trees which were planted last year.,This recorder（which）he is using ismade in Japan.,which,四、关系词的具体用法,He is the man(that)I told you about.,that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。,A plane is a machine that can fly.,that,（3）who的用法举例：,who只能指人,做主语：The teacher who got sick last week has come back to school.,注意：whom前面没有介词时，可以省略。,（4）whom的用法举例：,whom只能指人,做宾语：The tall man to whom you just talked is my uncle.The tall man(whom)you just talked to is my uncle.,(5)Whose的用法,关系代词whose表示“的”，是关系代词who、which的所有格，因此既可指人，也可指物。在从句中，whose作定语修饰名词，被修饰词可以是从句的主语、宾语或介词宾语。He is the boy whose pen I borrowed yesterday.They cleaned the house whose windows face south.The gentleman,with whose daughter I worked,looked down upon women.,Complete the instructions for the games,using who or whose,4.wants to go to a sports school.,1._ favourite hobby is watching TV.,2.favourite exercise is running.,3.never eats junk food.,Find someone in the class,5._ father is a good cook.,Someone who/whoseis,whosewhosewhowhowhose,The house whose window is broken is mine.,whose=the houses(window),The house is mine.,the window of which is broken,of which the window is broken,whose的用法,在定语从句中，一般的从句关系代词是which、who、whom、that、whose,其代替主句中的人或物，在从句中做主语、宾语或定语。一、as引导限制性定语从句主要固定结构有：the sameas suchas asas soas 主句中出现the same,as,such,so修饰先行词，需选择as做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。,(6)As的用法,1.Its the same book as we wanted to find yesterday.2.Such girls as he knows are good at English.他所认识的女孩都擅长英语。3.Do you have such books as we like?你有我们喜欢那种书吗？5.There is so warm a house as we want to live in.这里有如此暖和的房子，我们都想住在里面。6.He has so difficult a problem,as none of us can solve.他有如此难的一个问题，我们没有人能解决。,二、引导非限制性定语从句 as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，从句可置于句首，句中或句尾1 As everyone knows,China is a beautiful country with a long history.每个人都知道，中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家。2 The earth,as we know,moves round the sun.地球，我们都知道，围着太阳转。3 Tom works hard and is willing to help others,as we all know.汤母工作努力，并且乐于助人，这一点我们都知道。,as引导非限制性定语从句，有“如，似，正像”的含义，因此，下列句式多用asas has been said above 如上所说as anybody can see正像每个人所看到的那样as we had expected正如我们所预料的那样The boy has as much progress as we had expected.正像我们所预料的那样，这个男孩取得了大的进步。,（7）when的用法举例：,I can never forget the year of 2003 when I got my postgraduate degree.,试比较：I can never forget the year of 2003(that/which)I spent in a small village.,注意：要对从句做成分分析！,结论：如果从句中缺少主语或宾语，则用 which/that。如果从句中不缺主语 或宾语，则用when.,（8）where的用法举例：,The small house where she gave birth to her son was burnt down yesterday.,试比较：The small house which was left by her father was burnt down yesterday.,注意：要对从句做成分分析！,结论：如果从句中缺少主语或宾语，则用 which/that。如果从句中不缺主语 或宾语，则用where.,（9）why的用法举例：,This is the reason why I was late.,试比较：This is the reason(that/which)you gave to me.,注意：要对从句做成分分析！,结论：why的先行词一定是 the reason,但the reason的关系词不一定是 why。,