学术英语(一)unit4重点词汇.ppt

Discuss the words meaning,Exercise 1,Exercise 2,Exercise 3,Discuss the words meaning,perspective:a particular way of thinking about something or viewing something The speaker gave us an insiders perspective of food safety.,Read the sentences below and use context to write the definitions of the underlined words.One word has been done for you.,e.g.,outrage:_ The public were outraged at the successive campus shooting.The citizens felt outraged at the irresponsible remarks made by the member of the Parliament.“Outrage”can also be used as an noun.e.g.widespread outrage international outrage public outrage moral outrage in outrage,to make somebody shocked or angry,Discuss the words meaning,广泛的愤慨,国际义愤,公愤,义愤,愤怒地,Note,perpetrator:_ _ It is reported that the principal perpetrator of the crime was finally caught by police in a small village.Similarly,I take into account the alcohol intake of all family members,not just that of the perpetrator of the abuse.(Text A)“Perpetrate”is the verb form.,a person who commits a crime or does something wrong or evil,Discuss the words meaning,Note,3.marital:_ _ The couple has decided to get a divorce.Now they are considering about hiring a lawyer to help them divide their marital assets.Intense drinking by the perpetrator or the victim(spouse)often leads to increased marital conflict.(Text A)Collocations:marital problem,connected with marriage or with the relationship between a husband and wife,Discuss the words meaning,婚姻问题,Discuss the words meaning,marital discord marital breakdown marital agreement marital autonomy marital crime marital status,夫妻不和,婚姻破裂,婚姻协议,婚姻自主(权),婚姻上的犯罪,婚姻状况,4.project:_ _ He projected his guilt unconsciously on his partner.Universally,all abusers,whether hitters or drinkers,project blame onto others:“Its not my fault”.(Text A)Exercise:What does“project”mean in each of the following sentences?,transfer an emotion or desire to another person,especially unconsciously,Discuss the words meaning,Discuss the words meaning,1.They are projecting a new plant for sewage treatment.2.The population of that city is projected to rise to one million in the next five years.3.She wants to project herself more as a friend than a leader.4.Light projected his shadow onto the wall.5.He tried to project himself into their situation.6.Sharp rocks are projecting from the seas at the base of the cliffs.,设计,规划,预计,展现,投射,设想处于.,突出，伸出,5.tirade:_ They launched into a tirade against the government for its inept handling of the nuclear crisis.The politician delivered an angry tirade against the new policy of tax reduction.,a long angry speech criticizing somebody or something,Discuss the words meaning,6.recrimination:_ _ Gradually both parties realized that mutual recrimination will do no good to the solution of the problem.At the meeting,there was a period of bitter recrimination.,accusations made by two people or two groups of people about each others behavior,Discuss the words meaning,intoxicate:_ _ He has no capacity for liquor:one glass of wine is enough to intoxicate him.Peter was arrested for DWL(driving while intoxicated).“Intoxicate”can also mean“to excite sb.greatly”.e.g.She was intoxicated with success.,to cause to lose control of ones behavior because of alcohol drink or a drug,Discuss the words meaning,Note,8.norm:_ _ Many children who witness abuse falsely take violence as a norm and expect it in their own adult relationships.Strikes are the norm in some European countries.Collocations:accepted norm ethical norm social norm,a situation or a pattern of behavior that is usual or expected,Discuss the words meaning,接受的规范;公认的标准,伦理规范,社会规范,Discuss the words meaning,statistical norm family norm conform to the norm break the norm deviate from the norm above the norm below the norm,统计学标准,家庭规范,符合规范,违规,偏离常态,高于标准,低于标准,9.symptom:_ _ The drug will help relieve your symptoms of allergy.Symptoms of this kind of disease include fever and stomachache.Collocations:typical symptom chronic symptom acute symptom,a change in ones body or mind that shows that he/she is not healthy,Discuss the words meaning,典型症状,慢性病症,急性病症,Discuss the words meaning,intermittent symptom severe symptom mild symptom physical symptom mental symptom psychological symptom display/have/exhibit symptom develop symptom aggravate symptom identify the symptom relieve symptom,间歇性病症,严重的症状,轻微的症状,身体上的症状,心智上的症状,心理上的症状,呈现症状,出现症状,加剧症状,识别症状,缓解症状,10.instigate:_ The fightings between the two countries were instigated by the territory dispute.It would be unwise to instigate a military attack.“Instigate”can also mean“incite sb to do sth bad”.e.g.He instigated the two parties to fight.,to cause something bad to happen,Discuss the words meaning,Note,11.imbibe:_ They used to imbibe cans of beer in the open air at night.It is really dangerous if you imbibe a lot before driving.Note“Imbibe”means“absorb sth,especially information”in the following sentence.He imbibed much knowledge of English history from these books.,to drink something especially alcohol,Discuss the words meaning,Note,12.ambiguous:_ The ambiguous nature of many legislative acts requires clarification by the courts.She deliberately gave an ambiguous account of what happened that night.,not having one obvious meaning,confusing,Discuss the words meaning,13.mediate:_ _ The government mediated between the workers and the employers.They attempted to mediate between the warring countries to end the fighting.“Mediation”is the noun form.,to intervene in a dispute between two groups of people in order to bring about agreement,Discuss the words meaning,Note,14.harbor:_ _ The criminal may harbor hatred against his neighbor.He harbored a grudge against his boss.,to keep feelings or thoughts,especially negative ones in ones mind for a long time,Discuss the words meaning,15.intimidate:_ _ The kidnapper intimidated him into paying a ransom of$50000 for his little boy.He intimidated his neighbor into silence.More related words in the family.,to frighten or threaten somebody in order to make him do what one wants,Discuss the words meaning,Note,intimidation intimidator intimidatory intimidatingly,16.pent-up:_ _ Without an outlet,her pent-up discontent of her marriage life might eventually grow to form abnormal psychology.He finally found a chance to release his pent-up emotion.,(of feelings,energy,etc.)that cannot be expressed or released,Discuss the words meaning,17.accommodate:_ _ The new comers of the company need to accommodate to the new working environment.He accommodated himself easily to the new schedule.“Accommodate”means“provide sb with a room or place to sleep,live or sit”in the following sentence.The auditorium can accommodate 3000 people.,to change ones behavior in order to deal with a new situation better,Discuss the words meaning,Note,18.distortion:_ _ They are in a rage with the medias report which is considered to be full of distortions of the facts.His account of the incident has been condemned for a gross distortion of the truth.,the changing of the meaning or purpose of something into something that one disapproves of,Discuss the words meaning,19.milieu:_ The municipal government tried to create a milieu conducive to the technological innovation.This restructuring of family life establishes a milieu that tolerates and accommodates to violence.,social environment one lives in,Discuss the words meaning,20.syndrome:_ _ It is a rare syndrome in which the production of white blood cells is damaged.This syndrome mainly affected people over sixties.,a set of physical conditions that show one has a particular disease or medical problem,Discuss the words meaning,21.irritability:_ The boss sometimes displays irritability towards his subordinates over trifles.Apart from occasional irritability with the child,he proved himself a good husband and father.,bad tempter;a tendency to be easily annoyed,Discuss the words meaning,22.illusory:_ The young graduate has an illusory hope that he will find a well-paid job soon.People in that country had an illusory sense of freedom and security.Exercise:Can you list some other words with the similar meaning as“illusory”?,not real,although seeming to be,Discuss the words meaning,imaginary,unreal,fanciful,deceptive,delusive,23.property:_ One of the physical properties of the metal is to expand with heat and contract with cold.The pupils are comparing the chemical properties of these two substances.“Property”also means“possessions”.e.g.He inherited considerable property from his grandfather.,a quality or characteristics that something has,Discuss the words meaning,Note,Note,24.abstinent:_ _ The doctor strongly advised the patient to be abstinent from alcohol.Experience suggests this is not the case;abstinent and recovering substance abusers are well-represented in domestic violence courts and batterers programs.(Text B),refraining from an activity or from the consumption of something,especially alcohol,Discuss the words meaning,25.divergent:_ It seems there are always divergent views on these hot issues.Capital and labor have divergent interests.,tending to differ,Discuss the words meaning,26.cognitive:_ _ Scientists are trying to understand the process of childrens cognitive development.This cognitive model of children learning their first language is rather complex.,connected with mental processes of understanding,Discuss the words meaning,27.intervention:_ _ The child would have suffered from continuous abuse but for the intervention of the police.State intervention in economy sometimes is inevitable.Collocations:timely intervention personal intervention,getting involved in order to influence a situation in some way,Discuss the words meaning,及时干预,亲自介入,Discuss the words meaning,armed intervention foreign intervention legal intervention judicial interventionsurgical interventionhuman interventionpolitical interventionactive intervention,武装干涉,外国的干涉,法律干预,司法介入,外科手术治疗,人为干预,政治干预,积极介入,28.cumulative:_ _ People in that area have suffered heavily from the cumulative effect of incessant flooding these years.The Kaufman Kantor and Murray Straus study measured only whether the batterer or victim had been drinking at the time of the violence(use),not their drinking pattern or the cumulative effects of drinking(abuse).(Text B),increasing in quantity,degree,or force by successive additions,Discuss the words meaning,29.erosion:_ _ People in that country are worrying about the gradual erosion of their civil liberties.The erosion of the passive female stereotype is likely to result in more women being charged and convicted of offences generally,(Text C),the gradual destruction or removal of power,rights,etc,Discuss the words meaning,30.domineer:_ _ She had an unhappy childhood because her father was a cold and domineering man.They finally got divorced because the husband domineers over the wife and the children.,assert ones will over another in an arrogant way,Discuss the words meaning,Discuss the words meaning,2,2.Find more words of each word family.The first one has been done for you.,abuser,abusive,abusively,abusiveness,abusage,contributing,contribution,contributor,contributable,exposure,exposition,expositional,expositor,expository,identifiable,identification,identified,identity,unidentifiable,normally,abnormal,abnormally,normality,normalness,Discuss the words meaning,evidence,evidential,evidentially,evidently,evidentness,inhibited,inhibiting,inhibition,inhibitive,inhibitory,inhibitor,stressed,stressful,unstressed,stressor,stabilise,stability,stabilised,unstable,instability,stabilisation,established,establishing,establishment,disestablished，disestablishment,establisher,Discuss the words meaning,intensely,intenseness,intensification,intensified,intensify,intension,intensity,intensive,intensively,motivate,motivated,motivating,motivation,unmotivated,domestically,domesticate,domesticated,domesticating,domestics,analysed,analyser,analysing,analysis,analyst,internally,internalize,internalization,internalized,Discuss the words meaning,conception,conceptual,conceptualisation,conceptualise,conceptualised,conceptualising,conceptually,eliminated,eliminating,elimination,eliminative,eliminator,definable,defined,defining,definition,redefine,redefined,redefining,undefined,constructed,constructing,construction,constructive,reconstruct,reconstructed,reconstructing,reconstruction,emerged,emergence,emergency,emergent,emerging,isolated,isolating,isolation,isolationism,isolationist,isolatable,Discuss the words meaning,3.Explain the meaning of the following roots.Add at least five similar derivatives with their Chinese definitions.One example has been given to you.,physics物理学；physiology 生理学；physiologist生理学家；physiotherapy 物理疗法；physiological 生理的,Discuss the words meaning,universally普遍地；uniform制服；unicellular单细胞的；unicorn（传说中的）独角兽 unicycle独轮脚踏车；unilateral单方面的；unify统一,triangulation三角定位；triangular三角形的；tricycle 三轮脚踏车；triathlon 铁人三项赛；tricolor三色旗（尤指法国和爱尔兰国旗）trilogy 三部曲，三部剧；trio三重奏，三重唱,prominent主要的,eminent 显著的，杰出的，preeminent 卓越的，显著的，imminent 逼近的,Discuss the words meaning,Discuss the words meaning,stereotype 模式化观念（形象）,stereochemistry立体化学,stereograph立体像片,stereogram 立体图,stereoscopic 有立体视觉的,domestic家庭的,国内的,domicile 住所，住宅,domesticate 驯化,domiciliary住处的，住家的,domesticity家庭生活,aggress 侵略,digress 离题，脱轨,regress 回归，逆行,transgress越界,retrogress退步，衰退,Discuss the words meaning,hyper-irritable过度应激的,hypersensitive过于敏感的,hypersonic高超音速的,hyperphysical超自然(物质)的,hypercritical吹毛求疵的,hyper-cautious 过于小心的,hypercompetitive 竞争过于激烈的,hypergenesis发育过度,hypertension 高血压,terminate结束，终止,determine决定,exterminate消灭，根除,terminable 有期限的，可终止的,interminable没完没了的，无休止的,