大学英语四级翻译技巧.ppt

大学英语四级考试翻译应试技巧,考点：,四级翻译主要考查学生熟练掌握英语的能力，主要包括考查语法、核心动词、动词短语和固定搭配。,一、评分标准（语言、整体结构）,（1）整体内容和语言均正确，得1分。（2）结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得0.5分。（3）整体意思正确但语言有错误，得0.5分。（4）整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。（5）大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。,例如：Since my childhood I have found that _(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).（2006.12）,1分 nothing but reading can attract me so much0.5分 there is nothing but reading that can catch my attention(意思不确切)0分 nothing is more interesting than reading book for me(意思不确切、语言错误),二、真题解析（2007.12）,87.(多亏了一系列的新发明),doctors can treat t his disease successfully.88.In my sixties,one change I not ice is that _(我比以前更容易累了)89.I am going to pursue this course,_(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲)90.I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because _(它更加方便和省时)91.Many Americans live on credit and their quality of life _(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的),not how much they can earn.,87.Thanks to a series of new inventions.(考察固定搭配thanks to,a series of)88.I get tired more easily than before.(考查的是表语从句,考查点之二是比较级)89.no matter what I have to sacrifice/pay（主要考查牺牲的表达）90.shopping online is more convenient and efficient/can save more time.(考查表达convenient,time-saving,efficient,还涉及对篇章的把握和灵活处理能力)91.is measured in terms of how much they can borrow.(本题考察词汇measure，固定搭配in terms of),三、题型特点及应试技巧,四级翻译部分的主要考察点,考查方式主要有以下特点:1.从形式上看四级翻译是只翻译半句,而不是整个句子。2.大学英语大纲要求的核心词汇和词组是翻译考试出题的重点之一。主要考点为：（1）语法考点。侧重点是虚拟语气、倒装结构、从句、非谓语动词（动名词、过去分词、独立主格）等。（2）核心动词和动词短语的考查。（3）固定搭配。主要是名词与动词搭配、形容词与名词搭配、动词与副词修饰关系、名词与介词搭配、固定词组及固定表达等。,四、解题步骤,1.通读全句 例如：_（她目不转睛地看着窗外），she told us that our friend Tom had died in the air crash.【解析】划线部分不是一个句子，而是一个状语成分，必须使用非谓语结构或独立主格结构。Staring out of the window；,2.审查时态,例如：Since were here _(我们不如四处看看）.【解析】前半句一个条件状语从句，因此划线部分应该是主句，有完整的主谓结构，而且全句使用的是一般现在时态。we may as well look around.,3.组织语言,例如：By contrast，American parents were more likely _(把孩子的成功归因于）natural talent.【解析】本题考查be likely to do sth.“很可能做”和attribute sth.to sb.“将归因于”的用法 to attribute their childrens success to,4.重新审视,确认自己翻译的部分与题目给出的英文部分已构成了一个语法正确、达意清晰的句子。还应该重点检查句首字母的大写、冠词和代词的使用以及主谓一致的问题。,五、语法重要考点,虚拟语气是翻译部分的考查重点，虚拟语气的用法主要有以下几点：1.虚拟条件句中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类：1)表示与现在事实相反的情况：从句：If主语+过去时(Be动词用were)主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do(动词原形)eg：If I were you,I would take an umbrella.,2)表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：If主语+had+done主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have doneeg：If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her.3)表示对将来情况的主观推测从句：if+主语+were to do/did/were/should/would/could/might+do主句：主语+should/would/could/might+doeg：If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.,（2009.6）,88.If she had returned an hour earlier,Mary _(就不会被大雨淋了).【答案】would not have been caught in the heavy rain。本句考查的是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。从句使用的是过去完成时had returned，因此主句也必须是情态助动词加上完成时。另外“被雨淋到”要使用be caught in the rain这一说法。,2.一些能引起虚拟语气的某些介词、介词短语和连词的用法，如：lest，in case等。in case，lest后面的句子使用虚拟语气，意思为“以防，以免”，虚拟语气的形式为should+动词原形，should不可以省略，但可以不用虚拟语气而改用陈述语气。,（2008.12）,Youd better take a sweater with you_（以防天气变冷）.【答案】in case/lest it should turn cold。本题考查的是in case和lest后面的句子要使用虚拟语气，其形式是should加动词原形。,3.一部分表示建议、主张、命令、紧要等概念的词语，由于本身隐含说话人的主观愿望，其后的主语从句、宾语或同位语从句往往采用“（should)动词原形”的虚拟形式，如：suggest,propose,command,order,request,require等。eg.Hesuggested that we(should)takethe teachers advice.4.一些形容词后面的主语从句中往往采用“（should）动词原形”，这些形容词包括important，essential，necessary，urgent，vital等。eg.It is strange that such a person(should)be our friend.,（二）倒装 1当“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时用倒装Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.Only in this way can we catch up with the worlds advanced levels in science and technology.真题【CET-6：2007.6】Only in the small town_.(他才感到安全和放松)参考答案：does she feel secure and relaxed,2never等具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时用倒装。这类词或词组常用的有：never，seldom，rarely，little，hardly，scarcely，not until，by no means，under no circumstances，under no condition，in no way(决不)，in no case(决不)，neither(nor)，no sooner(than)，hardly(when)，barely(仅仅，几乎不)，on no account，in no circumstances(决不)，not a bit，nowhere，not only，but also等。Not only was Churchill a statesman,but also a poet.丘吉尔不仅是一位政治家，还是一位诗人。Never in all my life have I heard such nonsense.我从未听到过这种胡说！,3the more,the more结构中的倒装。【CET-4：2006.6】90.The more you explain,_(我愈糊涂).参考答案：the more confused I am,【CET-6：2007.12】The witness was told that under no circumstances_.(他都不应该对法庭说谎)参考答案：should he lie to the court.【CET-6：2007.1】_(直到截止日他才寄出)his application form.参考答案Not until the deadline did he send(out),（三）强调1It is/was+被强调部分+that/who对于这个结构，需要注意以下几点：1）被强调部分主要是主语、宾语、宾补和状语，不能强调表语；2）被强调部分如果是人或物，that可用whowhomwhich替代：被强调部分如果是时间状语或地点状语，其引导词只能是that，而不能用when或where：强调时间状语时，若有否定词not应提到从句前面。,（4）强调句可用来强调多种状语从句，但不能用来强调让步状语从句和比较状语从句；强调句可用来强调because引导的原因状语从句但不能用来强调since和as引导的原因状语从句。（5）在强调主语时，被强调的主语若是人称代词，一般用主格that后的谓语动词应在人称、数上保持一致。【CET-6：2007.1】_(直到截止日他才寄出)his application form.参考答案：It was not until the deadline that he sent(out),数量与比较,1.Your losses in trade this year are nothing _(与我的相比).样卷 compared with mine/in comparison with mine2.On average,it is said,visitor spend only _(一半的钱)in a day in Leeds as in London.样卷 half as much(money)3.Since my childhood I have found that _(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).2006年12月真题 nothing elseis more attractive/appealing to me than reading,4.In my sixties,one change I notice is that _(我比以前更容易累了).2007年12月真题 I am more likely to get tired than before/it is more likely for me to get tired than before(错误译法：I feel more easily tired)5.I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because _(它更加方便和省时).2007年12月真题 the latter is more convenient and time-saving/it is more convenient and less time-consuming,as+many/much+名词+as【例句】It is said that visitors spend only half as much money in a day in Leeds as in London.【翻译】据说，游客每天在利兹的花销仅为在伦敦的一半。,5）倍数词+as+形容词+as【例句】The reservoir is three times as big as it was ten years ago.【翻译】这个水库的面积是十年前三倍。,英语四级翻译训练,1.(这个计划成功的关键)_is good planning.2.The specific use of leisure_(每一人都不同)3.The ships generator broke down and the pumps_(不得不用手工操作)instead of mechanically.4.Although punctual himself,the professor was quite used_(习惯了学生迟到)his lecture.5.I prefer to communicate with my customers _(通过写电子邮件而不是打电话),6.After the terrorist attack,tourists _(被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游)7.(他把自己奉献于社区工作)_ and is passionate about what he is doing.8.Man should not exploit the natural resources _(以牺牲其他物种为代价).9.When Sandy recovered from cancer,her doctor _(把此归因于她对未来的信念).10.At the end of his speech,the school master encouraged the children to work hard _(不要让父母失望).,11.In the budget for this building,they failed to _(考虑价格增长的因素).12.Only after I slapped him on the back _(他才发现我并高兴得叫起来).13.I didn t even speak to him,_(更不用说与他讨论事情).14.Some young people would rather try hard themselves to go through life than _(求助于他们的父母)with a sense of guilt.15.The victim _(本来有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time.,1.The key to the success of this project2.from individual to individual.3.had to be operated manually4.to students being late for5.via E-mail instead of telephone7.he devoted himself to the community6.were advised not to travel to that country at the moment8.at the cost of sacrificing/loss of other species9.attributed it to her firm belief in the future10.and not to let their parents down,11.consider/take into account the factor of increasing price.12.did he notice me and shouted with happiness13.let alone discuss with him15.would have survived14.turn to their parents,