大学英语四级听力技巧.ppt

英语听力（四级）,李 岩,欢迎大家提问题,英语的五项技能：,听、说、读、写、译,大学英语四级题型及时间分配,考试时间：四级每年考两次。考试时间为每年6月和12月的第三个周六的早晨-9点。时长两个半小时。即11：30交卷,满分：710分,分数分配：写作15%阅读35%听力35%词汇与结构10%翻译（中翻英）5%划线规则：及格线一般在425或426分(即满分710分的60%)，这个成绩也是报考六级考试的前提。,试卷纸张：两张答题卡。各位考生在考试时一定要抓紧时间。因为这样的时间安排有时候是不够用的。而且选择题的数量比起旧题型有所减少。不能再靠蒙选择题侥幸过关了。,考 试 时 间 流 程 介 绍:,8：50-9：00试音寻台时间 9：00-9：10播放考场指令，发放作文考卷 9：10取下耳机，开始作文考试 9：35发放含有快速阅读的试题册(但9：40才允许开始做)9：40-9：55做快速阅读 9：55-10：00收答题卡一(即作文和快速阅读)9：55-10：00重新戴上耳机，试音寻台，准备听力考试 10：00开始听力考试，电台开始放音 听力结束后完成剩余考项 11：30全部考试结束,大学英语四级考试概述,一、试卷构成和成绩报道：就所测试的语言能力而言，试点阶段的四级考试由以下四个部分构成：1）听力理解；2）阅读理解；3）完型填空；4）写作和翻译。注：并未按照考试顺序,听力理解部分分值比例为35%；其中听力对话15%，听力短文20%。听力对话部分包括短对话和长对话的听力理解；听力短文部分包括选择题型的短文理解和复合式听写，即填写单词和句子。,阅读理解部分分值比例为35%；其中仔细阅读部分（Reading in Depth）25%，快速阅读部分（Skimming and Scanning）10%。仔细阅读部分分为：a）选择题型的篇章阅读理解；b）篇章层次的词汇理解（Banked Cloze）或短句问答（Short Answer Questions）。快速阅读理解部分测试的是浏览阅读和查读能力。,完型填空/改错部分分值比例为10%。完型填空部分采用多项选择题型，改错部分的要求是辨认错误并改正。,写作和翻译部分分值比例为20%；其中写作部分（Writing）15%，翻译部分（Translation）5%。写作的体裁包括议论文、说明文、应用文等；翻译部分测试的是句子、短语或常用表达层次上的中译英能力。,各部分具体分值比例及时间安排搭配如下：,写作-106 分快速阅读-71分听力-249分仔细阅读-178分完型填空-71分翻译-35分,应对策略：,8：50-9：00试音寻台时间 9：00-9：10播放考场指令，发放作文考卷 9：10取下耳机，开始作文考试 9：35发放含有快速阅读的试题册(但9：40才允许开始做)9：40-9：55做快速阅读 9：55-10：00收答题卡一(即作文和快速阅读)9：55-10：00重新戴上耳机，试音寻台，准备听力考试 10：00开始听力考试，电台开始放音 听力结束后完成剩余考项 11：20全部考试结束,一、.同学们最担心的是听力选项的预览时间，从表中可以看出，在9：5510：00之间收答题卡一和最后试音时间时可以预览听力部分的选项，建议考生要充分利用这段时间扫描passage部分的选项，弄清三篇文章的主题，至于短对话第一题的四个选项在播音前6秒看还来得及。,二、注意听力测试三个section前没有指令，直接播放题目，这与旧四级听力完全不同，考生听时需要集中注意力，不要错过重要的信息点。,三、注意作文和快速阅读后要收答题卡一，然后才能开始做后面的试题。大家平常练习时应注意每部分时间的控制，在规定的时间内完成规定的项目，不要跨区做题，这样才能适应新四级的考场要求。,四、注意写作文的时候，没有试题册，这样会避免考生从试题册中寻找相关的英语表达抄到作文中。,五、做翻译题时，试题册已经收上去，避免考生从试题册中找单词的拼写或习惯用语。,新四级考试，题型多样，题量大时间紧，但考生只要在考场上合理有效的利用好时间，在考试结束时，能顺利答完所有的题目，一定会取得满意的成绩。,如何提高听力？,听力原理：,1.接收声音信号,2.把声音信号转化为文字信号（头脑中）,3.把英语转化为汉语,4.找到汉语答案,5.把汉语答案翻译成英语,6.找题目中相对应的答案,我们大家都知道英语听力题（除了短文题）只说一遍。也就意味着，这些语言信号在我们的头脑中存留的时间很短。我们称其为瞬间记忆（短时记忆-short-term memory，你认为这种记忆能在人的头脑中存留多长的时间？;长时记忆-long-term memory）这就大大降低了我们做题的准确率。那么，如何能够提高我们做题的准确率呢？,也就是如何延长瞬时记忆在我们头脑中的时间呢？,最简单的一个办法：repeat(重复),重复分为两种：1.有声重复 2.无声重复 我们应该选择哪一种重复？为什么？（1分钟）,我们选择：无声重复,这就要求我们在听力过程中，要对我们所接收到的声音信号进行无声重复。同时，我们在进行阅读时，要进行无声阅读和限时阅读。,此外，在做题前一定要对题目进行预测：从四个选项中我们可以判断出这段对话可能涉及的主要内容：天气对航班的影响、说话者之间的关系等等。通过对题目预测，我们做题的准确性会大大提高的。,听力能力提高的4个有效途径 一、听力提高要有恒，有序，有量1、有恒：每天半30分钟听力（精听）2、有序：不要超前3、有量：做到60小时的精听,听力中的音变现象：1、连读1)相同辅音的连读bad dog注意：不可以把音节给吞掉，只是这个音节不发音 like candyripe pearsome money The report turned out to be totally false.这份报告完全是一派胡言。,2)辅音元音Its easy.Wheres our car?Come on in.What time is it now?Figure it out.for example 考试中常常出现的连读词汇：of all agescrude oila couple of travel agencyyour ownour ownset in motion,3)元音元音be on time 注：元音后面再跟一个元音，两个元音间要加入一个“耶”的音stay upflow out注：元音后面再跟一个元音，两个元音间要加入一个“我”的音grow up She works day in and day out.,连读小结：相同辅音的连读辅音元音的连读元音元音的连读,2、失爆（吞读）两个爆破音连接在一起时出现失爆（吞读）什么是爆破音：p,b,k,g,t,d六个爆破音任何一个后面紧接着另一个爆破音或摩擦音或鼻音时，前一个爆破音将失去爆破。lap top great deal good time the Red Cross a fast train a big change at last,3、缩读 and-n:Do you know Nancy and David?Tom and Jerry are you-ya:Ya going to the movie tonight?What ya doing here?,缩读的原则：1、绝对不会是重点音节，不可以重读2、只能出现在非正式场合,do you-dya:how dya feel now?How dya like the movie?did you-dja:how dja make it?becausecause:I dont like her cause shes mean.can-cn:I can be there in an hour.I can do a lot of things that other people can not do it.give me:Gimme that!going to-gonna.Want to-Wanna got to-gotta:I gotta see him right now.Hes sort of a strange.-Hes sorta strange.It s kind of a tough.-Its kinda tough.probably-probly:Hell probly come for dinner.currently-currenlywhat if-wud if:What if we went to the movie?(what if 句型要掌握）what are you-wacha doin now?you-ya:Catch ya later.See you later.,听力微技巧与Listening Comprehension,一、虚拟语气题考点：条件句过去考试的经验：答案往往表现为否定句形式,练习：A.I knew Mr.Smith wanted to sell his computer,but I didnt buy it.B.I didnt buy Mr.Smiths computer because I didnt know he was selling it.C.I bought the computer without knowing it was Mr.Smiths.D.Ill buy the computer as soon as Mr.Smith wants to sell it.,Id have bought Mr.Smiths computer if I had known he was selling it.,2.A.He didnt know what would happen if he made the suggestion.B.He didnt feel nervous after he had put forward the suggestion.C.He realized that the committee members would not adopt his suggestion.D.He considered it important to talk to the committee members first.,Had he realized the possible consequences,he wouldnt have made the suggestion at the committee meeting last week.,二、数字题型技巧：听到的数字通常不是正确答案。通常要了解时间、日期、价钱、号码、航班等数字的不同读法。,1 A.30 guests came.B.20 guests didnt receive their invitation cards.C.40 guests came.D.More guests came than were expected.,About one-third of the sixty invited guests failed to show up at the dinner party.,2 A.We need to pay$25 per piece.B.We need to pay$50 per piece.C.We need to pay$75 per piece.D.We need to pay$125 per piece.,The Company quoted a price of 100 dollars a piece for the summer dress.But after much bargain.We got an offer at 25%discount.,3 A.The plane left two hours before.B.The plane left at ten oclock in the morning.C.The plane left at two oclock in the afternoon.D.The plane left at four oclock in the afternoon.,The plane for Los Angeles was supposed to take off at noon,but due to a minor fault in one of the engines the flight was delayed of 2 hours.,常考的数字类型：a大额数字的听记方法。下面考大家四个数字：,thousand;million;billion;eg.35 thousand 358 hundred and 40 thousand 8401million5hundredthousand 15008billion15million3hundred25thousand 4 hundred and 56:8 15 325 456,b小数的读法：小数点念”point”,小数点前的“零”有时可以省略不念，也可念为zero,nought,oh.小数点后的零读作oh eg.0.009:point o o nine 或 zero point o o nine下面考察一下大家下面几个数字：,百分数的读法：eg：54.6%fifty four point six out of a hundred0.2%two tenths of a percent3.5%three and a half percent 54.5 fifty four and a half percent,-ty 与 teen的区别-teen结尾的有两个重读音节，-ty只有一个重读音节eg.fifteen,fifty thirteen,thirty 19 90 18 80 17 70 16 60 15 50 14 40 13 30 12 20,货币单位dollar/buck 美元 eg.Six bucks 15 dollars 95 cents quarter 25美分dime 10美分 nickel 5美分penny 1美分 英国：pound 英镑1英镑100便士penny便士pence（便士的复数）20英镑50便士：twenty pounds fifty pence.Or twenty fifty,时间单位机场，车站报时：使用的是小时 制，遇到不足点要补：onine thirty广播报时：Greenwich Mean Time(GMT)/Universal time 格林尼治时间22pm:22 hours GMT(BBC)22 hours universal timemidnight:twenty-four hours 确切时间,表示年份in the thirties of the twentieth century in the nineteen thirties,在二十世纪三十年代in the 1930s,in the year two fifty-three B.C.,公元前年,数字用于货币表示正常价格:regular price,normal price.表示价格划算：It is an excellent price It is a good price/bargain.It is a good buy.,表示价格较贵：dear,expensive,steep,more expensive,表示价格便宜：bargain price 其它说法：cheap,inexpensive,less expensive.表示减价出售：on sale,Christmas sale,garage sale(现场旧货出售)4 sale（？）,一些数字的词组on cloud nine 无比幸福on cloud nine 无比幸福eg.I was on cloud nine after I won the game.Your room at sixes and sevensat sixes and sevens 乱七八糟on second thoughts 再三考虑by ones and twos 零零散散Two heads are better than one.两个臭皮匠抵个诸葛亮in the year one 早年I used to study in America in the year one 早年在美国读书ten to one很可能 Ten to one he has forgotten itthree score years and ten 一辈子Ill love you three score years and ten.,转折题型重点听but后面的部分练习：1 A.The Chairman didnt attend the Opening Ceremony at the last minute.B.The Chairman refused to attend the Opening Ceremony at the last minute.C.The Chairman never changed his mind to attend the Opening Ceremony at the last minute.D.The Chairman made a last minute decision to attend the Opening Ceremony.,At first,the Chairman didnt intend to attend the opening ceremony,but the changed his mind at the last minute.,否定题型并不是你听到了not，就一定是否定，也不是你没有听到not，这个句子就不是否定。否定的三种情况1、完全否定2、部分否定3、双重否定,完全否定常用词：not any fail to do far from the lastto do sth.deny部分否定常用词：seldomhardlybarelynot alleg:Not all children enjoy the trip.Not everywhere is decorated.,双重否定：指在句中出现两个表示否定的成分，从而表示肯定的含义。双重否定常用词：She seldom goes out without her red dress.No one is unwilling to be a volunteer.一种考试中经常出错的特殊形式：You cannot eat too much.你吃得越多越好。I cannot agree with you more.我完全同意你的看法。can not后加比较级不是表示否定，而表示更加的肯定。,因果关系题考点：原因句 练习：A.Mrs.Green signed when she heard the suggestion.B.Mrs.Green rejected the committees suggestion.C.Mrs.Green quit when her idea was not accepted.D.Mrs.Green didnt accept the signature,Mrs.Green resigned from the committee yesterday because her proposal to close the downtown branch was rejected.,让步状语从句题：考点 在从句条件内容的前提下，主句的情况依然出现。从句中尽管说到although但是主句的情况不受影响。解题技巧是：置换引导从句中的连接词，然后认清主句的内容。练习：1A.Miss Brown is one of the best teachers because she has taught longer.B.Miss Brown has the best experience of all the college instructors.C.Miss Brown does not have enough qualification to teach in the college.D.Miss Brown is an excellent teacher in spite of her insufficient experience.,Although Miss Brown has less teaching experience than other faculty member,she is one of the best instructors in the college.解题技巧：首先寻找是否有although置换项，立刻发现in spite of.第二步检查两句主句意思是否相符。,2A.Lena has trouble with office work.B.Lena doesnt like her colleagues in the office.C.Lena intends to become a full-time student.D.Lena gets on very well in her MBA studies.,Lena wants to give up office work to concentrate on her MBA courses,even though she has been quite successful at her job.,建议和个人意见题型这种题型往往以下列方式出现：I am afraid Why cant weYou should Youd betterI think Why notHow about特点：所提出的建议往往是对过去状态的不满。A.Typing the memorandum is sometimes unnecessary.B.You will understand it if you read the memorandum a second time.C.The first draft of the memorandum is not satisfactory.D.The first draft of the memorandum is better than the second one,Im afraid youll have to revise and type the memorandum of understanding a second time.,如何做笔记 段落的笔记：,.d 10 a.m S highway Lorry overturn 电 gd-rd dr 伤，-hosp acc-大 trf X 2h rd clr dr 2 leg,段落翻译原文：Yesterday at 10 oclock in the morning on the South Highway a lorry overturned.The electronic goods in the lorry spilled onto the road.The driver was injured and was taken to hospital.The accident caused a big traffic jam two hours before the road was finally cleared.It was later reported that the driver had broken both legs.（5）技巧：脑记为主，笔记为辅。抓主体，非细节，抓内容，非语言。,缩写与Spot Dictation 一、缩写练习：第一段缩写训练答案：Many pls favorite hob is sports.Ty spend+-thr spr tm play(g)team game like footb/baseb,games for(4)2/4 pl,like tennis,or golf.Sm pl like 2 prac.Indiv spt like run(g)/swim(g).Pl usually prac.Spt 4 at least 3 reason.1st,ty enjoy it&2st,ty feel.Nd 2 kp fit _ tt ty feel+2 after ty had sm exer.,逐句讲解 Many pls favorite hob is sports.pl=people Ty spend+-thr spr tm play(g)team game like footb/baseb,Ty=they thr=their thm=them+=much+/+2=more+3=most=little 2less 3least the most beautiful girl=+3beautiful girl the highest mountain=+3 high-=of spr=spare(g)ing game=gm footb=football baseb=baseball/=or,games for(4)2/4 pl,4=for2/4=2 or 4like tennis,or golf.Sm pl like 2 prac.c spt like run(g)/swim(g).Sm=somePl=people2=toprac=practice.=a/anindiv=individualrun(g)=runningswim(g).=swimming/=or,Pl usually prac.Spt 4 at least 3 reason.Pl=peopleprac=practice.=aspt=sport1st,ty enjoy it&2st,ty feel.Nd 2 kp fit _ tt ty feel+2 after ty had sm exer.1st=First,ty=they&=and.Nd=need kp=keep _=in-=of tt=thatb+2=better m+2=moresmsome exerexercise注意：Spot Dictation中少用符号,第一段缩写训练原文 Many peoples favorite hobby is sports.They spend much of their spare time playing team games like football or baseball,games for two or four people,like tennis,or golf.Some people like to practice an individual sport like running or swimming.People usually practice a sport for at least three reasons.First,they enjoy it and second,they feel a need to keep fit in that they feel better after they had some exercise.,缩写4种方法：1、拿掉所有元音Eg.market-mkt receive-rcv standard-std message-msg 2、保留开头几个字母Eg.Information-info Exchange-exch Insurance-Ins Individual-indiv The STD MKTI RCV.MSG frm th indiv plI want to exch info with u3、保留开头和结尾：Eg.Week-wk Meet-mt Need-nd Room-rm 4、根据发音：Eg.Are-r Though-tho Through-thru,缩写中的常用缩略词Good-gd important-imp Include-incd market-mktSituation-sitn regular-regl life=lfReference-ref necessary-ncryApartment-apt apt 右上方加表示ment后缀according-acdg g=ingAdvertisement-ad advice-adv amount AMTconform-cfm Condition-cond Under no condition by no means department-dept Explain-explnimpossible-imps accept-acptModel-mdl observe-obs,Exchange-exch individual-indiv Ordinary-ord Balance-bal cancel-cnclPosition-posn product-prodRepresentative-rep repeat-rptPlease-pls possible-poss,练习部分this is a good important market here is the necessary advice I wantI will accept the position as a manager频率高的词用缩写考试时尽量用学过的缩写，不要用太多地名简写：Korea:K Sweden:SD Switzerland:SWAustralia:AA Israel:IS Italy:ITSpain:SP通常是提取国家单词的首字母,缩写中较长单词的处理：-ism-m eg.Socialism社会主义 S(m)local-tion-n eg.Standardization 原始化 std(n)凡是从原始动词延伸出来的各种形容词、名字、副词，只需写出动词，各种形式从缩写的右上方进行添加处理。-ing-g eg.Marketing mkt(g)-ment-mt eg.Amendment amend(mt)-ble-bl 注：遇到以able或ible为后缀的词，可以提取bl作为信息点写在这个词的右上方 eg.Available av(bl)-ful-fl eg.Meaningful mn(fl)复习一下：缩写的四种方法是：1、拿掉原因保留2、保留开头几个字母3、保留开头和结尾4、根据发音缩写,本单元测试But spt is not just 4 participants.Its 4 spect(o)too.M pl all over the world spend hs every wk watch(g)spt event on tv,/at stadiums.Pl enjoy be(g)fans/supp(o)1 team&many prof.are now as pop&fame as the+3 great Hollywd movie star.逐句分析：But spt is not just 4 participants.But向上的箭头或自己创造sptsport 4for注：遇到动词延伸的人称，可以写出动词后在右上角划一个圆圈：work(0)=workerteach(0)=teacher,核心词compete及延伸词compete=compcomp(o)=competitorcomp(v)=competitive注：缩写词右上方加v表示那些以ive结尾的形容词comp(n)=competitioncomp(g)=competingIts 4 spect(o)too.spect(o)=spectator,M pl all over the world spend hs every wk watch(g)spt event on tv,/at stadiums.M=millions T=thousand H=hundred另一种用符号表示的方式右上方加1 thousand右上方加2millions右上方加3=billion=of pl=people hs=hourswk=week watch(g)=watching spt=sport/=or,Pl enjoy be(g)fans/supp(o)1 team&many prof.are now as pop&fame as the+3 great Hollywd movie star。Pl=People be(g)=beingfans/=“fans”or supporter=supp(o)=of 1=oneteam&many=team and manyprof.=professionals pop=popularfame=famous&=andthe+3 great=the greatest原文展示：But sport is not just for participants.Its for spectators too.Millions of people all over the world spend hours every week watching sports events on television,or at stadiums.People enjoy being“fans”or“supporters”of one team and many professionals are now as popular and famous as the greatest Hollywood movie stars.,注意：每天做30分钟精听，用缩写的方式记忆听到的内容。,练习过程中有一些事项值得我们注意，请大家养成良好的习惯，尽量避免：1.鸵鸟式听法。很多同学听力过程中没有动手的习惯，听就是听，在做题时才努力回忆与该题有关的信息。甚至有同学喜欢闭着眼睛听或者把头低下来，伏在桌子上听，并认为这样注意力更集中，但这样往往容易走神，听的效率非常低。2.多而不精。对于已经听过的材料，很多同学都很少再听，这是一个错误的观念。片面追求练习的量，并不能有效提高做听力题时的悟性，必须用心去感受才能收到显著的效果。,3.不愿对着文字材料大声朗读，认为听力就是听力，没有必要和朗读口语联系起来。其实听力考的是口头语言，口语提高了，听力也就自然而然上去了。同时朗读可以培养正确的语音语调，可以加强我们对文章的领悟力。4.训练时间安排不得当。听力训练需要思想高度集中，故时间安排以每天精神最佳时候为宜。时间不宜过长,每次连续听半小时到一小时就可。另外，由于听力是一种习惯成自然的技巧训练，所以最好每天安排一段时间，切忌三天打鱼，两天晒网。总之，四级短文听力并不可怕，如果我们能够宏观把握，平时坚持“用心去听”，我们肯定能够从不同角度、不同层次提高自己的英语语言能力。,听力的短对话应该是学生拿分的部分。短对话考了很多年从来没有变过，原来是10个，但是现在是8个，但是长度、内容都是比较单一的，就是一来一回，最多不超过两个来回，所以我觉得这个部分应该根据传统的真题的训练材料可以确保你能拿分。当然有些题目比如短对话隐含的题目比较多，同学们关注一下。原来表现两个对话之间说话人的关系，这个应该能够抓住，你既要抓住对话之间身份反映的信号，未必有时候全部听懂，这些题目应该是可以拿分的。但是真题有一项，有的老师把它归作非常规回答的这类问题，我觉得这个问题考生可以在05、06、04年的真题当中有很多，可以看一下这种题目。,长对话对学生来讲是一个比较大的挑战，因为以前没考过，每次有六轮到九轮，这个比较长，也就是说学生听进去下面的就滑过去了，长对话可以有时间的话浏览三四道题所有的选项大概可以判断出对话的内容。这个时候应该