名词从句和定语从句.ppt

名词从句与定语从句 的主要区别,成分上的区别：名词性从句和定语从句分别在句中充当什么 样的成分？,1.How the prisoner escaped remains a mystery.2.I wonder whether/if he is fit for the job.3.The problem is who will be equal to the task.4.He had no idea whether we could overcome the present difficulties or not.,主语,宾语,表语,同位语,5.I visited the country which/that had been bombed by the US-led NATO(美国为首的北约)a month before6.I shall never forget the years when I lived in the countryside with the farmers,which has a great effect on my life.7.In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm.,by which time many people have gone home.8.I had never seen such a good film as I watched last night.,结论：名词性从句充当句子的主要成分（作主语，宾语，表语，同位语），且无先行词，同位语除外。定语从句充当句子的修饰成分（作定语），前面有先行词,同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子的主语或宾语成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略;that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义，不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句:The suggestion(that)he raised at the meeting is very good.（that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略）The suggestion that the students(should)have plenty of exercise is very good.（that引导同位语从句）I had no idea that you were here.（that引导同位语从句,不能省略）Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?（that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略）,引导词的不同：不会出现在名词从句中的关系词：不会出现在定语从句中的关系词：,as,且 when,where 等不能与 in/on/at which 互换。,whether,if,what,how,名词从句与定语从句的一些对应系：1.He has done what he can to help me.-He has done _ _ he can to help me.What I want to say has nothing to do with it.-_ _ I want to say has nothing to do with it.,all that,All that,名词从句与定语从句的一些对应系：1.He has done what he can to help me.-He has done _ _ he can to help me.What I want to say has nothing to do with it.-_ _ I want to say has nothing to do with it.,all that,All that,3.Whoever breaks the law is to be punished._ _ breaks the law is to be punished.4.He will give the dictionary to whoever needs if most.He will give the dictionary to _ _ needs it most.5.Well remember whomever we turned to for help.Well remember _ _ we turned to for help.,Anyone who,anyone who,anyone(whom),6.They will do whatever he wants them to do.They will do _ _he wants them to do.7.Ill read whichever book you give me.Ill read _ of the books _ you give me.,anything that,any,that,名词性从句考点主要有以下六个方面:考点之一:考查名词性从句中that与what的区别 考例:_ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A.What;what B.What;that C.That;that D.That;what 分析:(注:划线的选项为最佳答案,下同.)在名词性从句中that与what的区别是:that在名词性从句中不作句子成分,只起连接作用;而what在名词性从句中不仅起连接作用,而且作句子成分.句子的意思是:我们不能得到的似乎比我们已经拥有的要好.此题考查了两个名词性从句:主语从句和宾语从句,what在这两个名词性从句中都作宾语.,1引导词that与what的区别what既有引导主语从句的作用，同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)，这时what相当于all that/everything that等，常译成“所的(东西、事情、话等)”；而that只起连接作用，本身无实际意义，在从句中也不充当任何句子成分，但that引导的主语从句放在句首时，不能省略that。What we cant get seems better than what we have.That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true.,1._we cant get seems better than _we have.(NMET96)A.What;what B.What;that C.That;that D.That;what 2._caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A.What B.That C.How D.Where（上海1998）3.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.（上海 2004）A.where B.what C.that D.How4.Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.（上海春招 2004）A.which B.that C.what D.whether,A,A,B,B,(08重庆25)People in Chongqing are proud of _ they have achieved in the past ten years.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how,解析 what 引导名词性从句，同时充当achieved的宾语。,C,考点之二:考查名词性从句中的it作形式主语或形式宾语 考例1:_ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.It 分析:在这种名词性从句中为了保持句子的平衡,往往用先行词it作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放到后面,尤其是that引导的主语从句往往用先行词it作形式主语.此句也可以改写为:That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.考例2:I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full.A.it B.that C.this D.them 分析:此题考查的是用先行词it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放到后面.其他几个词均不能作形式宾语.,考点之三:考查名词性从句的语序 考例:The photographs will show you _.A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like,分析:在名词性从句中,除了关联词要提到句首之外,一律要用陈述句语序。当关联词含疑问意义时,有的学生就会受习惯影响错误地使用疑问句语序。克服这种错误的关键是要找准从句中的主语和谓语。本题句子的意思是:这些照片会告诉你我们村子是什么样。本题中根据引导词what要作介词like的宾语,而副词how不能作介词like的宾语,所以首先排除C、D,而A项是疑问句语序,故只能选B。,考点之四:考查名词性从句中的whether,if以及that的区别 考例1:_ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where 分析:句子的意思是:我们明天是否去野营要视天气而定.whether与if当是否讲时的区别是:在引导宾语从句时两者可以互换,但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句以及介词后面的宾语从句或后面紧跟or not时通常只能用whether,而不能用if.考例2:What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.A.when B.how C.whether D.why分析:本题句子的意思是:医生真正怀疑的是我母亲是否能很快从重病中恢复过来.whether引导的是表语从句.,考例3:It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.A.while B.that C.if D.for 分析:本题句子的意思是:头发变白使她有点儿不安。It作形式主语,that引导的是主语从句。whether,if以及that引导的名词性从句的区别是:whether与if(当是否讲时)引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义;而that引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义。,考点之五:考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句及其与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别 考例 1:It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 分析:本题句子的意思是:一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不明智的.whatever引导的是宾语从句,A.however 和D.whenever是不能作宾语的;而C.whichever表示无论哪一个、无论哪些,表示在一定范围内的人或事物,此处并不涉及一定范围内的人或事物,所以也不能选.,考例2:Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests.A.anyone B.whomever C.whoever D.no matter who 分析:本题句子的意思是:萨拉希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友.疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别是:前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句;后者只能引导让步状语从句.首先排除D.而选A.anyone则应在其后加who.从句中需要的是主语,所以whomever也不行.,考点之六:考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题 考例:It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language.A.masters B.should master C.mastered D.will master 分析:本题选B.句子的意思是:大学生至少应该掌握一门外语。It作形式主语,that引导的主语从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气。(1)在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气(should)+do,常用的句型有:I.It is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that.II.It is a pity(a shame,no wonder,etc.)that.III.It is suggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that.如:It is strange that she(should)think so.,(2)表示建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等及物动词后面的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,常用的这类动词有suggest,propose,insist,desire,demand,request,order,command等。如:I insist that she(should)do her work alone.(3)主语是suggestion,proposal,request,decision等表示建议、请求、要求、决定等意思的词时,表语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气(should)+do。如:His suggestion is that we(should)hold another meeting to discuss the question.,(4)表示建议、请求、命令、要求、决定等意思的名词后面的同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气(should)+do。如:They received orders that the work(should)be done at once.,