初中语法系列形容词和副词.ppt

形容词与副词熟读下列句子，看看画线形容词可作哪些成分。（1）This is an interesting book.这是一本有趣的书。（定语）（2）This book is interesting.这本书很有趣。（表语）（3）I find the book interesting.我觉得这 本书很有趣。（宾语补足语）（4）I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。（后置定语）,2.画线副词在句中作状语，看看可修饰哪些词。（1）Its raining heavily.雨下得很大。（修饰动词）（2）Youre quite right.你非常正确。（修 饰形容词）（3）Dont speak too fast.不要说得太快。（修饰另一副词）（4）Your coat is just behind the door.你 的上衣正好在门后。（修饰介词短语）（5）Luckily,he was saved.幸运的是，他得救 了。（修饰句子）,1.形容词的位置 一般情况下，形容词作定语放在被修饰词前，或放在系动词后面作表语。但以下情况形容词需后置：1）形容词短语作定语，定语后置。a language difficult to master2）表语形容词（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定语，定语后置。如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。3）用作定语，修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时，通常后置。如：I have something important to tell you.,2.多个形容词作前置定语时的排列顺序 当两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名 词，如密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在 前，音节多的在后。常用的顺序为：限定词（如the）+数量形容词（如first）+描绘性形容 词（如beautiful）+大小、长短、高低的形容 词（如little）+新旧、颜色的形容词（如 white）+国籍形容词（如Chinese）+材料、用 途的形容词、名词（如wood）+名词中心词（如 bridge）。the first beautiful little white Chinese wood bridge,3.形容词作状语 形容词作状语不表示动作的方式，而是表示伴 随或结果。He worked in the snow,cold and hungry.4.副词（1）副词一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词前面 或动词的前后。absolutely right;run too fast.有时副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评论性状语。Luckily,he passed the exam.（2）enough作副词用来修饰形容词、副词时，要放在所修饰词的后面。good enough,loudly enough,3)几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式地点时间。如：We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.4）频率副词如often、always、usually等在be动词后，行为动词前。5）副词作定语，定语后置。如：The person there is waiting for you.,（6）以-ly结尾的词性辨析。下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。表空间（无-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副词：deep深 wide宽广 high高 low位置低deeply深入地 widely广泛地 highly高度地 lowly 地位卑微有无-ly意义大不相同的副词：dead完全，绝对 be dead asleep deadly非常 be deadly tired pretty相当 be pretty certain that prettily漂亮地 be prettily dressedclose近 Dont sit close.closely密切地 Watch closely!late晚、迟 arrive late,come late lately最近 I havent seen him lately(recently).,5.形容词、副词比较等级（1）原级的构成和用法。构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as)+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数+as+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构。如：Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.This building looks not so(as)high as that one.Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you.This room is three times as large as that one.,（2）比较级的用法。对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级+than”的结构表示。如：This picture is more beautiful than that one.表示一方不及另一方时，用“less+原级+than”的结构表示。如：This room is less beautiful than that one.表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、等修饰。如：He works even harder than before.表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the+比较级（主语+谓语），the+比较级（主语+谓语）”的结构（意为“越越”）。如：The harder he works,the happier he feels.,不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级+and+比较级”的结构。如：The weather is getting colder and colder.The girl becomes more and more beautiful.某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在之前）等。He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.,倍数表达法。A是B的四倍大（高，长）。（A）A is four times the size(height,length etc.)of B.The new building is four times the size of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼（四倍大）大三倍。（B）A is four times as big(high,long,etc.)as B.Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。（C）A is three times bigger(higher,longer,etc.)than B.Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.,6.形容词、副词最高级 三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the+最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如：Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works(the)hardest in his class.最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。如：This hat is by far/much/nearly/almost/not nearly/by no means/not quite/nothing like the biggest.How much did the second most expensive hat cost?,表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。如：He is the tallest(boy)in his class.作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如：Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.,7.名不副实的比较级等级结构 more than+名词，表示“不仅仅，不只是”，相当于not only;no more than+名词，表示“不超过，最多”，相当于at most；more.than.表示“与其说不如 说；不是而是”；no sooner.than.表示“一就”；would rather.than.表示“宁愿不 愿”。,not more than=不如no more than=和一样不(否定两者)not less than=不如不(即指不如 less 后形容词的反面)no less than=和一样(肯定两者)比较以下各句的意思：You are more careful than he is.你比他仔细。You are not more careful than he is.你不如他仔细。You are no more careful than he is.你和他一样不仔细。You are less careful than he is.你不如他仔细（你比他粗心）。You are not less careful than he is.你比他仔细（你不如他粗心）。You are no less careful than he is.你和他一样仔细。,8 形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。如：He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very)The film is most interesting.(most=very)表示两者间“较的一个”比较级前加the。如：who is the older of the tow boys?在“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构中。在same前一般要加the。有些形容词前加the 成为名词。如the poor、the rich 等。,试题精选1.What will you buy for your husbands birthday？I want to buy a wallet for him.A.black leather small B.small black leather C.small leather black D.black small leather 解析 根据多个形容词作定语词序排列规律“限定描绘大、长、高,形状、年龄和新老,颜 色、国籍和材料,作用类别往后靠”可知,选项 中三个限定词分别为small(大、小),black(颜 色),leather(材料)。,B,2.The novel is,I have to say,not a bit interesting.How do you find it？Why!Its that I have ever read.A.a less interesting B.a more interesting C.a most interesting D.the most interesting 解析 根据句子意思可以知道,本题无比较之意,而含有最高级含义,故应排除选项A、B;选项C中 的most相当于very,不符合句子意思。,D,3.What does the model plane look like？Well,the wings of the plane are of its body.A.more than the length twice B.twice more than the length C.more than twice the length D.more twice than the length 解析 分析句意及选项可知,这是一个比较级结 构中由名词所构成的倍数表达形式。在这一结 构中,倍数要置于表示量的名词前面,后接of+另 外一个比较对象,该题中more than仅为一个修 饰词,应置于倍数词前面,构成:the wings of the plane are more than twice the length of its body。,C,4.How about the concert last night？Well,at least its the one I saw last time with Joan.A.no worse than B.no better than C.not as good as D.as bad as 解析 在比较级结构中“no+比较级+than”意 思为“前者并不比后者更”。根据答句意 义,尤其是从at least可以知道该句意思为“至 少它不比我上次跟Joan一起看的音乐会更糟”,故应选no worse than;选项B意义相反,不符合 句意;选项C、D意义相同。,A,5.Of the two scientists,who do you think is？A.a successful one B.more successful C.a more successful D.the more successful 解析 在含有of the two的句子结构中,句子的 形容词要用比较级形式,并且被定冠词the限定,意思为“两者中更”。句意为:两位科学家 中,你认为哪一位更成功？,D,6.We cant get the machine to run.There must be with it.A.something wrong serious B.something seriously wrong C.something serious wrong D.something wrong seriously 解析 一般情况下,形容词修饰不定代词时,要 放在不定代词的后面;副词修饰形容词时,要放 在形容词之前,这样便构成something seriously wrong。,B,7.After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced in 2004 as the year before.A.as many machines twice B.twice many as machines C.as twice many machines D.twice as many machines 解析 在含有倍数、百分数的同级比较结构中,倍数或百分数必须置于as.as之前;由many或 much修饰的复数名词或不可数名词必须置于 as.as中间。,D,8.After the long journey,the Smiths returned home,.A.safe but tired B.safely but tired C.safe and tiring D.safely and tiring 解析 根据题干意义可知,空格部分是用来补充 说明句子主语是怎样的,故选用形容词作状语,表示“人感到累”应用tired,由于选项是两个 意义不一致的形容词,故用转折连词but连接。实际上,该句相当于.the Smiths returned home and they were safe but tired。,A,9.Tasting,this kind of fried chicken sells.A.well;good B.to be good;well C.good;well D.to be well;good 解析 分析题干可知,第一空taste在此作系动 词,其后应接不带to be结构的形容词作表语。由于well作形容词时意思为“健康的”,不符合 题意,故应选 good作表语;第二空sell在此为不 及物动词,后接副词well,意思为“畅销”,用 sell的主动形式表示被动意义。,C,17.Although badly hurt in the accident,the driver was able to make a phone call.A.stillB.even C.alsoD.ever 解析 still仍,还;even甚至;also也;ever曾经。句意为：尽管在车祸中伤得很重,但司机仍能够 打电话。,A,19.Running a company is not a matter of hiring peoplethey also need to be trained.A.simplyB.partly C.seriouslyD.equally 解析 A项simply表示“仅仅,只不过”;B项 partly表示“部分地”;C项seriously表示“严 肃地,严重地”;D项equally表示“平等地,相等 地”。句意为:经营一家公司不仅仅就是雇人的 事情他们还需要进行培训。故选A。,A,20.The children loved their day trip,and they enjoyed the horse ride.A.mostB.more C.lessD.little 解析 考查比较级和最高级,很容易误选B、C项。根据句子意思“孩子们非常喜欢白天的旅行,而 且他们最喜欢的就是骑马了”可以看出白天的 旅行中经历了很多事情,骑马只是其中之一,所 以选用最高级most。,A,返回,