初中英语形容词与副词.ppt

形容词、副词,1.形容词的用法；2.副词的用法；3.形容词和副词原级、比较级、最高级的用法；4.形容词和副词在句中的区别和位置。,1.形容词的用法,(1)形容词在句中作定语,表语,宾语补足语。,(2)形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。,(3)用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。,(4)the形容词表示一类人或物,1）Our country is a beautiful country.（作定语）The fish went bad.（作表语）We keep our classroom clean and tidy.（作宾语补足语）,2）I have something important to tell you.Is there anything interesting in the film？,3）Everybody,man and woman,old and young,should attend the meeting.You can take any box away,big or small.,4）The rich should help the poor.,Making comparisons,大多数形容词和副词都有三个等级：原级，比较级和最高级。单音节形容词（副词）和部分双音节形容词（副词）在词尾加-er和-est构成比较级和最高级。bright brighter brightest pretty prettier prettiest多单音节形容词（副词）在原级前加more和most构成比较级和最高级。beautiful more beautiful most beautifulexciting more exciting most exciting*劣等比较用less和least。,变化不规则的比较级和最高级little less leastold older oldest elder eldestfar farther farthest further furthestbad/ill/badly worse worstgood/well better bestmany/much more most,比较等级的运用,1.as+原级+as“和一样”not+so/as+原级+as“不及”Living in the city is(not)as quiet as living in the country.It is as cold today as yesterday.2.比较级+than,用于两者之间的比较“比更”Ji Weis farm is smaller than Johns.Mr.Zhang is walking more slowly than Mrs.Zhang.,3.the+最高级(+in/of)结构用于三个以上的人或物之间的比较“当中最”This is the oldest house in the village.Who can do the most work on the farm?4.比较级+and+比较级结构表示逐渐增加或减少“越来越”Our country is getting more and more beautiful.5.比较级可用much,a little,even,far等修饰 Your bike is far better than mine.Please come a little earlier next time.,6.比较级可用three times,two metres等表示倍数等的短语修饰 He has finished twice more exercises than you.他完成的练习比你多两倍。This river is 3 metres deeper than the lake.这条河比那个湖深3米。7.the+比较级,the+（另一）比较级 结构“越,越”The more you read,the better youll be at your English.The faster he runs,the more tired he feels.,8.最高级可用序数词及one of短语等修饰 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.Mei Ting is one of the most popular actresses this year.9.比较级+than any other+名词单数（比较级+than all the other+名词复数）相当于一个最高级 He is cleverer than any other boy in his class.=He is cleverer than all the other boys in class.=He is the cleverest boy in his class.,特殊情况,1由介词of所构成的表示比较范围的短语中，如果有two或two加名词复数时，则用比较级，且比较级前要加the。如：He is the older of the two.两个人中他的年龄较大。2即使句子中有in所构成的短语，如果有than,仍用比较级。如：She is taller than any other girl in the class.她在班里比其她任何一个女孩个子都高。,1.My shoes are _(new)than hers.But Lucys are _(new)of all.2.This bag is as_(nice)as that one.Itis one of _(nice)bag in the shop.3.This box is much _(heavy)than that one.Its so _(heavy)that we cant carry it.4.Of the two girls she is _(old).5.Shanghai is _(big)than any other city in China.6.This ruler is a bit too _(long).Can I have a _(short)one,please?,newer,the newest,nice,the nicest,heavier,heavy,the elder,bigger,long,shorter,7.Li Lei has _(many)story books inour class.But Jim has _(many)historybooks than him.8.Look at the _(tall)building overthere.Its the third _(tall)in our city.9.Peter is _(good)at jumping.He jumps _(far)in our class.10.I think its _(interesting)to swim in the lake than in the river.11.The _(late)you go to bed at night,the_(tired)you feel in the morning.,the most,more,tall,tallest,good,farthest,more interesting,later,more tired,2.副词的用法,(1)副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。,He studies very hard.（作状语）Life here is full of joy.（作定语）When will you be back?（作表语）,【补充】副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：,时间副词时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today,tomorrow,yesterday,before,late,early,never,seldom,sometimes,often,usually,always等。,例如：He often comes to school late.What are we going to do tomorrow?He is never been to Beijing.,地点副词地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here,there,inside,outside,home,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere,down,up,off,on,in,out等。,例如：I met an old friend of mine on my way home.He went upstairs.Put down your name here.,3方式副词 方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的,有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly,它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously,badly,bravely,calmly,carefully,proudly,rapidly,suddenly,successfully,angrily,happily,slowly,warmly,well,fast,slow,quick,hard,alone,high,straight,wide等。,例如：The old man walked home slowly.Please listen to the teacher carefully.The birds are flying high.He runs very fast.,4 程度副词程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much,(a)little,a bit,very,so,too,enough,quite,rather,pretty,greatly,completely,nearly,almost,deeply,hardly,partly等。,例如：Her pronunciation is very good.She sings quite well.I can hardly agree with you.,5疑问副词疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how,when,where,why等。,例如：How are you getting along with your studies?Where were you yesterday?Why did you do that?,(2)副词在句中的位置,1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。,例如：Mr.Smith works very hard.She speaks English well.,2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。,3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面,但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。,例如：He usually gets up early.Ive never heard him singing.She is seldom ill.,例如：It is a rather difficult job.He runs very fast.He didnt work hard enough.,4)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。,例如：On my way home,I met my uncle.The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.,(3)部分常用副词的用法,1)very,much,这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。,例如：She is a very nice girl.,Im feeling much better now.,much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。,例如：I dont like the idea much.They did not talk much.,2)too,either,这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。,例如：She can dance,and I can dance,too.I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either.,3)already,yet,already一般用于语肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。,例如：He has already left.Have you heard from him yet?He hasnt answered yet.,4)so,neither,so和neither都可用于倒装句，但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。,例如：My brother likes football and so do I.My brother doesnt like dancing and neither do I.,3.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级,1)两个人或事物的比较时（不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物），用比较级。,Our teacher is taller than we are.,The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.,2)most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 极,很,非常,十分。,Its most dangerous to be here.在这儿太危险。,3)The+形容词比较级.,the+形容词比较级.”表示 越.就越.。,The more you study,the more you know.,4)形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级,表示 越来越.。,Its getting hotter and hotter.,5)主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。,This box is as big as mine.,6)the+形容词 表示某种人。,He always helps the poor.,7)形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。,Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.,【实例解析】,1.(中考试题),-Which is _,the sun,the moon or the earth?-Of course the moon is.,A.small B.smaller C.smallest D.the smallest,答案：D。该题考查的是形容词的比较等级的用法。因为是太阳，地球和月亮三者进行比较，选用形容词的最高级，而且最高级之前要加定冠词the。所以选D。,2.(中考试题),He has made _ progress this term than before.A.little B.less C.fewer D.much,答案 B。该题考查的是形容词比较等级的用法。因为是现在和过去进行比较，所以要用比较级，又因为是修饰不可数名词，只能用less,而不能用fewer。,3.(中考试题),-They would taste _ with butter.A.good B.better C.bad D.worse,-What delicious cakes!,答案：B。该题考查的是形容词的比较等级。答话人的意思应该是“如果加上点黄油，这些蛋糕会更好吃。”这里就有一种比较：加黄油和不加黄油。既然是比较，就要用比较级。因为这里讲的是好吃和更好吃，所以C,D要舍去，而选better。,4.(中考试题),Bob never does his homework _ Mary.He makes lots of mistakes.A.so careful as B.as carefully as C.carefully as D.as careful as,答案：B。该题考查的是形容词和副词的用法区别。因为该词修饰的是动作“做家庭作业”，所以要用副词。又因为表示一方不如另一方要用句型“not as+副词原级+as”，所以只能选B。,