书面表达四过渡词在书面表达中的运用.ppt

书面表达（四）过渡词在书面表达中的运用,英语书面表达评分标准第五档（很好）中有这样的表述：“应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用复杂结构或高级词汇所致。”这就是说，学生仅运用基础词汇和基本句型，并不能体现出较强的语言运用能力，这样即使表达中无语法错误，也不能得高分；相反，尽管有些许错误，但如果目的是在有意识地使用复杂结构或较高级词汇，也不会扣多少分，仍属最高档次。过渡词在句中是一个独立部分，是句子不可缺少的成分，它在句与句中起一个逻辑意义一致，句子之间连接承上启下的作用。同时在文章中使用好过渡词还能提高文章的档次分，句子显得逻辑性强，结构紧凑，也是语言功底好的表现。如果去掉，句子的意思就不完整，甚至不知所云。,试比较下面例句：例1.We must work.We must believe in ourselves.We must work and above all we must believe in ourselves.例2.I was anxious to leave.I felt that I wasnt able to tell my grandparents that we were safe.On one hand,I was anxious to leave,on the other hand，I felt that I wasnt able to tell my grandparents that we were safe.例3.1)To tell you the truth,life is beautiful.I have no reason to think otherwise.2)Personally,I dont like this painting.,一些学生在作文中过多使用简单句，一篇文章下来竟成了简单句堆砌；有的写复杂句时，动辄用so，and，then，but，or，however，yet 等非但达不到丰富表达方式的目的，反而使句子结构松散、呆板。为了避免这种现象，可以通过使用不同的过渡词,不仅能够丰富句型，而且还能够把思想表达得更清楚，意义更连贯。,I.顺序过渡词,1.First,next,then,finally 2.First,second,finally 3.to begin with,next,finally 4.in the beginning,at the beginning 5.in the first place,in the second place,in the third place 6.in the end,at last,finally 7.for one thing,for another 8After that,II.递进过渡词,1.besides,indeed,moreover,furthermore,even,in addition,above all,2.whats more,worse still,to make things worse,whats worse,even more important,most important 3.at the same time,Practice,1.Never waste anything,but _ never waste time.任何东西都不可浪费，尤其不可浪费时间。2.They were brave,and _,they hated violence.他们很勇敢，而且他们厌恶暴力。3.It got dark,and _,it began to rain.天黑了，而更糟的是，开始下雨来。4.I dont want to go out now,_,Im feeling tired,我现在不想出去了，而且我还有点疲乏。,5._,I want to see your pass,too.除此以外，我还想看你的通行证。6._,British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages,ending up with different words.同时，英式英语和美式英语开始互相借鉴词汇，最终只有部分词汇不一样。7_,my aim is to provide the best service possible under these difficult circumstances.此外，我的目标是在这样艰难的情况下尽可能提供更好的服务。8 The hotel itself can accommodate 80 guests and,_,there are several self-catering apartments.旅馆本身可以容纳80位客人，除此之外，还有几个可供自己做饭的套房。,III.转折、对比过渡词,1.although,though,while,however,yet,nevertheless,but,otherwise,2.in spite of that,for all that 尽管如此，虽然,on the contrary,in contrast相反，大不相同,3.on(the)one hand,on the other hand,instead of,pared to(with),practice,1._,most of the time,people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other.但是，大部分时候，来自这两个国家的人们理解对方是不存在任何困难的。2._ there are many different interpretations of our body language,some gestures seem to be universal.尽管对肢体语言的解释五花八门，但某些手势似乎是全球通用的。3.It is probably better,_,if we spend our time and money in buying good food and keeping a balanced diet.不过，如果我们把时间、金钱花费在选择健康食品和保持平衡饮食上，可能会更好。4._ eating expensive diet food or going on unhealthy diets,we can simply try to eat less fat and sugar and exercise more.不需吃昂贵的食疗食品，或者进行不健康的节食，我们只需尽量少吃脂肪和糖，多运动。,5._,I now feel as if that was when my life really began.相反，我感觉我的生活好像从现在起才真正的开始。6.Franklin,_,gives the detective as much assistance as he can.另一方面，弗兰克林尽他所能给警探提供帮助。7.She was very tired,_she kept on working.她虽然很疲倦，可仍在继续工作。8._ a slight improvement in sales,the company is still making a loss.公司的销售情况虽然稍有改善，但还在亏本。9._ his efforts,he didnt succeed.他虽然很努力，但并没有成功。,(B)and,but,finally,immediately,now,at first,one day,then,so,The naughty boy in the story“The Boy Who Cried Wolf”has grown up._he works as a weatherman in his village._he studied the weather carefully _found that a storm was coming._,he told all the villagers to prepare for the bad weather,_ no one believed him._,the weather was fine,_ the villagers said that the young man was lying again._the weather suddenly changed _a storm wind came.All the villagers tried to save the crops _ it was too late._,the storm ruined all the crops.,assignment,1.如何为找工作而去面试。2.首先要穿着整洁。3.其次要认真准备。4.也许你没得到这份工作。5.不要灰心，要找出失败的原因。,5.电视在日常生活中起着重要作用。6.一方面，它让我们及时了解国内外所发生的一切。7.我们可以从电视节目中学到很多知识。8.另一方面，看电视对健康，尤其对眼睛不好。9.有些电视节目对孩子有不良影响。,原因与结果过渡词,1.so,because,because of,thus,consequently,therefore,hence,for,2.as a result,in consequence,in turn,on account,for the sake of,owing to,due to,thanks to,3.to ones surprise/pleasure/astonishment/sorrow/amazement/joy,to our regret.,1._,she found herself in a different world.2.Some people are over-ambitious._,they are usually unhappy.3._,money isnt everything.,V.等同过渡词,1.that is,that is to say2.similarly,in other words,namely,equally,in the same way,in a word,1.He will leave for New York next Sunday,_,March 23rd.2.This kind of phone is cordless,_,it has no cords or wires.3No one is allowed to speak Mandarin in an English class._,no one is allowed to speak English in a Mandarin class.4.The railroad connects two cities,_,New York and Chicago.,VII.例举过渡词,1.for example,take for example,for instance,such as,like,2.and so on,as follows,1 Some nutrients help build our body and make it stronger.Protein,_,is good for our muscles.2 Other nutrients,_ fiber and minerals,help keep our body functioning well.3 _ many people with cancer,he had to be treated with radiation followed by treatment with chemicals.4._,the result are Philip Carter 1st,Sam Cohen 2nd,Sandra Postlethwaite 3rd.结果如下：菲利普卡特第一名，萨姆科恩第二名，桑德拉波斯尔斯韦特第三名。5.You should buy some essentials,_ pots,pans,dishes and so on.6.There are some common errors in his composition._,it is wrong to use he to replace the queen.,