中考语法复习专题九句子种类.ppt

专题九 句子种类,按用途分，句子可分为四种：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。考点一陈述句陈述句用来说明一个事实或陈述说话人的看法。陈述句分为肯定式和否定式两种，句末用句号，读时用降调，有五种基本句型。,1陈述句的肯定式的形式(1)主语系动词表语We are happy.我们很快乐。注：系动词有三类，具体如下：表状态：be,seem,appear(显得)，go(变成),stand(坐落)，stay(保持),lie(位于),keep(保持)表感官：look(看上去),sound(听起来)，smell(闻起来),feel(感觉),taste(尝起来)表变化：get(变得)，become(成为),turn(变成)，grow(渐渐变成)，come(成为),(2)主语不及物动词They are reading.他们在看书。(3)主语及物动词宾语I teach English.我教英语。,(4)主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语直接宾语表物，间接宾语表人。一些间接宾语可改成一个由to引导的短语(强调动作是“向谁”做的)，或由for 引导的短语(强调动作是“为谁”做的)。He gave me a book.He gave a book to me.他给我一本书。,能带双宾语的动词中多数在间接宾语前加to，这样的动词有：give(给)，pass(传；递)，take(拿去)，bring(带来)，show(出示；展现)，lend(借给)，sell(出售)等。带双宾语的动词在间接宾语前加for的动词有：buy(购买),make(制作/造),build(建造),mend(修理)，cook(烹饪)等。My mother bought me a present.My mother bought a present for me.我妈妈给我买了件礼物。,(5)主语及物动词宾语宾补Youd better tell the students not to make so much noise.你最好告诉学生们不要这么大声吵闹。带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：tell，ask，order，want等。省略to的不定式作宾补的动词有：feel，hear，see，notice，have/make/let等。,2否定句(1)含be动词、助动词、情态动词的否定如果句子的谓语动词是be,have，助动词或情态动词，在它们之后加not 构成否定句。Tom cant swim.汤姆不会游泳。(2)行为动词的否定如果句子的动词是行为动词而又没有助动词或情态动词，在谓语前加do的相应形式后再加not。They didnt want to take pictures.他们不想拍照片。,(3)还可用nothing等否定代词，no等否定形容词和little,few,hardly等半否定词与肯定形式的谓语动词连用来表示否定。I can hardly understand what you said.我几乎听不明白你说的。(4)在“I think/believethat 从句”的句型中，若想否定从句动词的含义，必须采用否定主句动词think的形式，这叫否定的转移。We/I dont think its true.我们/我认为那不是真的。,考点二疑问句疑问句用于提出问题，句末用问号(？)。可分为四种：一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句和特殊疑问句。(一)一般疑问句一般疑问句是可用Yes 或No 来回答的问句。它总是以be(is，am，are，was，were)，have(has，had)，情态动词或助动词开头。有时也可用“Not at all”，“Certainly”等回答。Would you like some more?你想再来一些吗？No，thanks.Im full.不，谢谢。我饱了。,(二)选择疑问句选择疑问句的结构有两种：以一般疑问句为基础，用 or 来连接不同的选择对象；以特殊疑问句为基础，在其后用or来连接不同的选择对象。Shall we go to see you or will you come to see us?是我们去看你们，还是你们来看我们？Which would you like better,tea or milk?你喜欢喝哪个，茶还是牛奶？,(三)反意疑问句反意疑问句是提出情况或看法，问对方是否同意的句子。一般由两部分组成：“陈述句简略问句？”这两部分的肯定与否定形式正好相反，即：“肯定的陈述句否定的简略问句？”“否定的陈述句肯定的简略问句？”1反意疑问句主语及谓语的确定反意疑问句主语与谓语的确定应以陈述部分的主语和谓语为依据，尤其是要注意一些特殊的情况，同时，简略问句部分的主语一般应用人称代词，而动词若为否定形式则一般应用缩略形式。,(1)陈述部分含有never，few，little，nothing，nobody，no，hardly，none，too.to.等表示否定意义的词时，其附加问句应用肯定形式。但否定意义的词是careless，dislike等含否定词缀的派生词时，仍按肯定句对待，后面的简略问句用否定形式。He has few friends here,does he?他在这里朋友不多，是不是？,(2)陈述句部分是“there be”结构时，疑问部分用“be there”。There is a tree in front of the building,isnt there?楼前面有一棵树，是吗？(3)当陈述部分的主语为指事(物)的不定代词something，anything，everything等时，附加问句的主语应用it。Something is wrong with your computer，isnt it?你的电脑出毛病了，是吗？,(4)当陈述部分的主语为指人的不定代词somebody，anybody，everybody等时，附加问句的主语可用he强调个体或they强调全部，但不可用it 来代替。Somebody wants to see you,doesnt he?有人要见你，是吗？,(5)当陈述部分的主语为this,that 等时，附加部分的主语应用it。类似地，当陈述部分的主语为these，those等时，附加部分的主语应用they。This is a beautiful picture,isnt it?这是一幅美丽的图画，是吗？Those arent apple trees,are they?那些不是苹果树，是吗？,(6)当陈述部分动词为have(has)时有下列几种情况：have在一般现在时中表示“有”之意，附加问句的谓语可用have，也可用助动词do。Tom has a new watch,doesnt he(hasnt he)?汤姆有块新表，是吗？have to 表示“不得不”“必须”之意时，附加问句的谓语应用助动词do。Kate has to help her mother at home,doesnt she?凯特不得不在家帮她妈妈，是吗？,have表示“吃、喝、玩、度过”等意思时，其附加问句的谓语应用助动词do。They have a good time in Beijing,dont they?他们在北京玩得很愉快，是吗？had better表示“最好”之意，当其用在陈述部分时，附加问句的谓语动词应用had。Wed better stop talking,hadnt we?我们最好停止说话，好吗？have 用在完成时中，其附加问句的谓语动词应用have。Lucy has ever been to Japan,hasnt she?露西曾经去过日本，是吗？,(7)当陈述部分含有need时，如果need用作行为动词，则附加问句的动词应用do；如果need用作情态动词，则附加问句的动词应用need。We need to arrive in Shanghai at 7：00,dont we?我们需要在七点到达上海，是吗？We neednt leave at once,need we?我们不必马上离开，是吗？,(8)当陈述部分含有情态动词must时，有下列几种情况：must 表示“必须”之意，附加问句的谓语用neednt。They must come on time,neednt they?他们必须准时到，是吗？must表示推测，意为“一定；想必”，附加问句的谓语动词的确定应根据must后面的动词。That man must be Mr Wang,isnt he?那个人想必是王先生，是吗？,(9)当陈述部分为I(am)形式时，附加问句部分应该用arent I。Im right,arent I？我是对的，是吗？(10)陈述句部分若为主从复合句，疑问部分的主语通常与主句的主语一致。She said he would come tomorrow，didnt she?她说他明天会来，是吗？,注：若主句的主语是第一人称I/we，其谓语动词又是think，suppose，expect，believe，imagine等，疑问部分的主语一般与从句的主语一致。(应特别注意否定的转移)I think he is a good student，isnt he?我认为他是一个好学生，是吗？We dont think you are right,are you?我们认为你不对，是吗？,2反意疑问句的答语对反意疑问句作回答时，如果答案肯定则用yes，后跟肯定形式的简略回答方式；若答案否定则用no，后跟否定形式的简略回答方式。即其回答与一般疑问句的回答方式完全一致。特别注意有时要根据具体的语境来确定回答应为肯定形式还是否定形式。,Lucy skates very well,doesnt she?露西滑冰非常好，是吗？Yes,she does.是的，她是。You dont like the man,do you?你不喜欢这个人，是吗？No，I dont.是的，我不喜欢。,(四)特殊疑问句特殊疑问句是以疑问词引出的问句。一般为疑问语序：“疑问词一般疑问句？”回答时要具体作答，不能用yes或no来回答。语序：(1)当疑问词或由其所修饰的词不作主语时，用一般疑问句语序；(2)当疑问词或由其所修饰的词作主语时，用陈述句语序。1疑问词作主语或主语的定语时，要用陈述语序：“疑问词(主语)谓语动词(.)？”Who broke the door?谁弄坏了门？Which boy runs the fastest?哪个男孩跑得最快？,2询问姓名、职业、外貌长相、性格、体重等用what 提问；询问身体状况、年龄、身高、工作、生活情况等用how来提问。询问外貌用“Whats.like？”或“What do(does).look like？”，询问性格用“What do(does).think of.？”询问年龄用“What age.(Whats.age)？”或“How old.？”询问体重用“Whats.weight？”(“What weight.？”)询问身体状况用“How.？”，询问身高用“How tall.？”询问工作生活情况用“How are(is).getting on？”。3询问钟点用what time，询问何时用when，询问星期用what day(of the week)询问日期用whats the date.？。,4询问一段延续的时间有多长(久)用how long，答语用“for一段时间”或“since过去时间点”；询问某事过多久将会发生用how soon，答语用“in一段时间”；询问某个动作重复发生的频率间隔用how often，答语用“次数时间”，如“three times a day”等；询问总共的次数用how many times，答语用“基数times”等。How long will it take us to get there by bus?我们坐公共汽车到那儿要多长时间？About two hours.大约两小时。,5询问数量时，对可数事物用how many，对不可数事物用how much，询问人口用“Whats the population of 地区？”此外how much 还可以用来询问“多少钱”。How much is a ticket for the film Let the Bullets Fly?让子弹飞的票价是多少？About forty yuan.大约四十元。Whats the population of Shanghai?上海有多少人口？,6询问距离用how far(away)。7询问颜色用what colour。8.询问号码用what number 或 whats.number。What number is your car?你的车号是多少？Whats your telephone number?你的电话号码是多少？,考点三祈使句1祈使句是表示命令、请求或劝告等的句子。听话者you习惯上常省略，而由动词原形引出。否定祈使句是在动词原形前加缩写的dont；还可在动词原形前加Do或Never来加强语气。Do help me.一定要帮我。,2祈使句后，还可以加一个简略问句。祈使句为否定结构时，后加“will you？”祈使句为肯定结构时，表邀请则加“wont you？”表请求可用“will you？/would you？/can you？/cant you？”等。Lucy，you clean the blackboard today，will you?露西，你今天擦黑板，好吗？,3以Lets 开头的句子，us的缩写“s”包括说话人和听话人“双方”，后半部分的简略问句用“shall we？”以Let us 开头的句子，us 仅指说话人“一方”，其后的简略问句用“will you？”Lets go and see him after school,shall we?让我们放学后去看他，好吗？Let us look at your photo，will you?让我们看看你的照片，好吗？,考点四感叹句1感叹句表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈的感情。这种句子一般用how 或what开头，都用陈述语序，后加感叹号“！”，读降调。2感叹句中，how(多么)作状语，修饰形容词或副词；what(多么)作定语，修饰名词，名词前可有不定冠词a(an)和形容词。(1)How 形容词/副词(主语谓语)!How fast he runs!他跑得多快啊！,(2)How主语谓语！(3)How 形容词a或an单数可数名词(主语谓语)!(4)What a 或an(形容词)单数可数名词(主语谓语)!What an interesting book the girl has!那女孩有一本多有趣的书啊！(5)What(形容词)复数可数名词/不可数名词(主语谓语)!What natural things they are！它们是多么自然的东西呀！,专题训练10 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句（训练时间：45分钟 分值：50分）,1(2012昆明)Boys and girls，_ in the rivers or pools.Its not safe.We wont,thank you.Adont swim Bto swimCswim Dswimming解析：考查祈使句。根据后文说游泳不安全可知，这里是劝说不要去游泳，故后半句为祈使句的否定形式。故选A答案：A。,2Alice had nothing for breakfast this morning，_？No.She got up too late.Ahad she BHadnt sheCdid she DDidnt she解析：考查反意疑问句。陈述部分中含有表否定意义的不定代词nothing，根据反意疑问句“前否后肯”的原则，故用肯定形式来反问；又因整个句子是行为动词的一般过去时态，需用助动词did。故选C。答案：C,3Youve just finished your listening exam.Please get yourself ready for the next part，_？Ashall we Bwill youCdo you Dare you解析：考查祈使句的反意疑问句。根据句子Please get yourself ready for the next part.判断该句为祈使句。肯定祈使句的反意疑问句常用will you或wont you来表达，故选B。答案：B,4(2012青海)_ smart boy he is!So he is.AHow BWhat CWhat a DHow a解析：考查感叹句。how修饰形容词或副词；what修饰名词。中心词boy是可数名词单数，应用what a，故选C。答案：C,5(2012南宁)Mum,_ is my football?Its under your bed.Awhat Bwhich Cwhen Dwhere解析：考查特殊疑问词的用法。根据答语“它在你的床底下”可知，提问的是“我的足球在哪儿”，故选D。答案：D,6(2012上海)_wonderful concert they are putting on in the city square!AHow BWhat CWhat a DWhat an解析：考查感叹句。中心词concert是名词，故用what引导；concert是单数可数名词，且wonderful以辅音音素开头，其前用a。故选C。答案：C,7_buy your ticket from a ticket machine.There are lots of people there.ANot BNot to CDont DDont to解析：考查祈使句的用法。buy为实义动词，否定的祈使句应在其前加dont。答案：C,8I hear the tall girl wearing glasses is your new classmate.Shes from America，_？Ahas she BIsnt sheCHasnt she Ddoes she解析：考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句的基本结构是“前肯后否，前否后肯”，本题前面部分为肯定句，shes是she is的缩写，故选B。答案：B,9_will your mother come back?In two days.AHow often BHow soonCHow long DHow far解析：考查疑问副词短语。how often“多久一次”，提问频率；how soon“多久以后”，提问“in一段时间”；how long“多久，多长”，提问长度或者一段时间；how far“多远”，提问距离。由答语“两天之后”可知用how soon提问。答案：B,10(2012包头)Did you enjoy the party last night?Very much._ wonderful the party was!AWhat BHow CWhat a DHow a 解析：考查感叹句。“How形容词/副词主语谓语！”为固定结构。此句也可写成：What a wonderful party it was！故选B。答案：B,11(2012重庆)Jack，_，or you will get heavier.Adoesnt play sports any more Bdoesnt eat so much meatCdont play sports any more Ddont eat so much meat解析：考查祈使句。祈使句的否定形式用“dont动词原形”。由句意可知选D。答案：D,12The CCTV reported that Premier Wen Jiabao played basketball with some students on Childrens Day._！And Premier Wen always encourages us to study hard and do more sports.AWhat amazing news BHow amazing newsCWhat an amazing news解析：考查感叹句。句子的中心词是名词，要用what引导感叹句，故排除B项；news是不可数名词，不能用a或an修饰，因此C项也被排除。故选A项。答案：A,13.You can hardly understand me，_you?Acant Bcan Care Ddont解析：考查反意疑问句。hardly意为“几乎不”，具有否定意义。根据反意疑问句“前否后肯”的原则，疑问部分要用肯定形式；陈述部分用了情态动词can，疑问部分应与其一致。故选B。答案：B,14(2012南京)_ is Jeremy Lin?He is a famous Harvardeducated，AsianAmerican NBA basketball player.AWhere BWhat CWhy DHow old解析：考查疑问句。由“NBA basketball player”可知，问句是询问职业，故选B。What is Jeremy Lin？意为“林书豪是做什么的？”答案：B,15Franklin told them all _to be in Britain again.Ahe was now happy Bhow happy he wasChow was he happy Dhe was happy now解析：考查宾语从句的用法。本题中的宾语从句是感叹句，且要用陈述语序，故选B。答案：B,16(2012上海)_do millions of online users visit the home page of the government?To read the news and search for the information they need.AWhen BWhere CWhy DWhat解析：考查疑问词。根据“To read the news and search for the information they need.”可知，前句是询问原因，故选C。答案：C,17Mr.Wangs never been to Canada，has he?_.He went there on business last week.ANo，he hasnt BYes，he hasCNo，he has DYes，he hasnt解析：考查反意疑问句的答语。反意疑问句要根据具体语境确定是肯定回答还是否定回答，回答方式与一般疑问句回答方式一致。句意为“王先生从来没有去过加拿大，是吗？”“不，他去过。上周他去那儿出差了。”答案：B,18(2012兰州)_exciting news!We will have a _ holiday after the exam.AWhat an;two months BHow an;two monthsCWhat;twomonth DHow;two months解析：考查感叹句和复合形容词。news是不可数名词，感叹句应用what来引导；表示“两个月的假期”应用a twomonth holiday，故选C。答案：C,19(2012柳州)She is from England,_ she?Aisnt Bwont Chasnt解析：考查反意疑问句。根据“前肯后否”的原则及前半句中的“is”可知，此处反意疑问句应该使用isnt。故选A。答案：A,20_does your sister look like?She is tall with long hair.AWho BWhat CWhich DHow解析：考查特殊疑问句。由答语“她高个儿留着长发”可知，此处询问外貌特征，用句型“Whatdo/does主语look like？”意为“某人看起来什么样子？”。答案：B,21(2012西宁)You come from England,dont you?_.I come from a small town near London.ANo,I do BNo,I dontCYes,I am DYes,I do解析：考查反意疑问句。根据答语“我来自伦敦附近的一个小城镇”可知，此处回答是肯定的，故选D。答案：D,22(2012重庆)_did you visit the Science Museum?Three months ago.AWhen BWhere CWhat DWhich解析：考查疑问词辨析。根据下文的回答“Three months ago.”可知，上句是对时间提问。故选A。答案：A,23(2012河南)_out your love.The world will become a nicer place to live in.ASpeak BTo speak CSpoke DSpeaking解析：考查祈使句。句意为“说出你们的爱，世界将会变成一个更美好的居住地”。祈使句应用动词的原形，故选A。答案：A,24(2012黄冈)He didnt go to the concert yesterday,did he?_.He was busy studying for the tests all day.ANo,he didnt BYes,he did CNo,he did DYes,he didnt解析：考查反意疑问句。根据后句中的“他忙着准备考试”知他没去音乐会，因此No,he didnt.符合语境。答案：A,25They were all so tired that they could_.Ado nothing but sleep Bdo anything but sleepCdo nothing but to sleep Ddo anything but to sleep解析：nothing but“除之外(没有)”，常用于do nothing but do sth.结构。故选A项。答案：A,26(2012乌鲁木齐)There is little water in the bottle，_？Ais it Bisnt itCis there Disnt there解析：考查反意疑问句。句子由there引起，反意疑问句也应由there构成，故排除选项A和B；little意为“很少，几乎没有”，表示否定意义，故反意疑问句用肯定形式，故正确答案为选项C。答案：C,27(2012杭州)People who eat a balanced diet should be healthier than those who only eat biscuits and hamburgers,_？Adont they Bdo they Cshouldnt they Dshould they解析：考查反意疑问句。根据反意疑问句的构成规则“前否后肯，前肯后否”可排除B、D两项。因为主句中的主语是people，而who eat a balanced diet是定语从句，修饰先行词people。主句的谓语是should be。故选C项。答案：C,28(2012苏州)She has gone abroad，_？No.She is still teaching us English at our school now.Ais she Bisnt she Chas she Dhasnt she解析：考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句的基本规则是：前否后肯，前肯后否，而且反意疑问句的助动词与前面保持一致。因为该句前半部分是肯定形式，故后面要用否定形式，由此可以排除A、C两项。因为前句是现在完成时，故后句的助动词用has。故选D项。答案：D,29_Tshirt do you like better，the red one or the blue one?I prefer the red one.AHow much BHow manyCWhose DWhich解析：考查疑问词。由答语“我更喜欢那件红色的”知问句应是“你更喜欢哪件T恤，红色的还是蓝色的？”故选D。答案：D,30(2012呼和浩特)_ I try on those shoes in the window?_.They are just on show.ACould;Yes,you canBCan;Sorry,you couldntCCould;Sorry,you cantDCan;Yes,you could解析：考查情态动词can与could的辨析。由答语“它们只用于展览”可知对上句是否定回答，排除A、D两项；表示请求时，could比can语气更委婉，答语中不能用could，排除B项。故选C项。答案：C,31Jimmy lost his key yesterday._？Its his third time in just one month.AHas he BDid he CWas he DDoes he解析：上文用的是一般过去时，上下文的时态应一致，故选B。答案：B,32I used to love this film when I was young,but I _ it that way any more.Adont feel Bdidnt feel Chavent felt Dhadnt felt解析：句意为“我年轻的时候喜欢看这部电影，但现在我不那么觉得了。”由not any more知feel应发生在现在，故选A。答案：A,33(2012哈尔滨)Zhang Lili hardly had time to think of herself before she saved her students，_？No,she didnt.Her action moved all of us.So she is regarded as“The Prettiest Woman Teacher”Adidnt she Bhadnt she Cdid she解析：考查反意疑问句。题干陈述部分中含有表否定意义的副词hardly，根据反意疑问句“前否后肯”的原则，反意疑问部分要用肯定形式。故选C项。答案：C,34Millions of people know about Susan Boyle now,_？_，she becomes wellknown because of her success on Britains Got Talent.Ado they;No Bdo they;Yes CDont they;No DDont they;Yes解析：反意疑问句的陈述部分为肯定形式，其疑问部分应用否定形式；反意疑问句的回答要依据事实而定，事实是肯定的，用Yes回答；事实是否定的，用No回答，故选D。答案：D,35Email is very popular today.People seldom write letters now,_？Adid they Bdo they Cdidnt they Ddont they解析：反意疑问句的前半部分有否定词seldom，故附加问句应用肯定形式，故选B。答案：B,36(2012永州)_ get off the bus before it stops.ADont BDoesnt CDidnt解析：考查祈使句。否定祈使句由dont引起，结合句意“在车停下之前不要下车”可知正确答案为A项。答案：A,37_ you_ your drawing?Not yet!It will be done in a few minutes.ADid;finish BWill;finishCDo;finish DHave;finished解析：由上下文可知，问句应用现在完成时态，故选D。答案：D,38(2012柳州)_ is the ruler?Its 2 yuan.AHow much BHow far CHow often解析：考查how短语的用法。how much提问价格；how far提问距离；how often提问频率。根据答语“2 yuan”可知，此处提问的是“价格”。故选A。答案：A,39What did Jack ask you just now?He wanted to know how long _ when I reached the cinema.Ahad the film been on Bthe film had startedCthe film had lasted Dhad the film ended解析：考查宾语从句及延续性动词。宾语从句用陈述语序。how long对一段时间提问，谓语动词用延续性动词，start是短暂性动词，last意为“持续”时是延续性动词。故选C。答案：C,40(2012吉林)You speak English so well._ have you learned English?For 5 years.AHow many BHow longCHow often DHow far解析：考查疑问词。由答语“For 5 years.”可知，此处是问学习英语有多长时间，故选B。答案：B,41(2012青海)_ will your father be back?In five days.AHow long BHow soonCHow often DHow far解析：考查how相关短语的用法。how long“多长时间”；how soon“多久以后”；how often提问频率，how far“多远”。根据答语“五天后”可知，应用how soon来提问，故选B。答案：B,42(2012深圳)_ do you think of the football match?Its perfect.Its more exciting than_ match that I have ever watched.AHow;any other BHow;any othersCWhat;any other DWhat;any others解析：What do you think of sth.？意为“你认为怎么样？”故排除A、B两项。比较级thanany other也是常用句型，意为“比其他任何一个更”，可知正确答案为C项。答案：C,43Arthur is responsible _ the newspaper,isnt he?_，but Joyce is.Shes the chief editor.Aof;Yes,he isnt Bfor;Yes,he is Cof;No,he is Dfor;No,he isnt解析：上文中的空白处意思是“为了”，用介词for，be responsible for“(对某人、某物)负责的”。下文是对上文反意疑问句的回答，根据上下文句意，知要用否定形式。答案：D,44Im leaving now._ you turn off the lights.ATo make sure BMake sure CMade sure DMaking sure解析：考查祈使句。祈使句句首应用动词原形，故选B。答案：B,45They havent paid for their tickets，have they?_.They didnt pay any money.AYes，they have BNo，they haventCYes，they havent DNo，they have解析：若不看They didnt pay any money，A和B都正确。但根据句意“他们还没有付买票的钱是吗？”“是的。他们一分钱都没付。”故选B。答案：B,46(2012深圳)Rose,we will start at six tomorrow morning.Dont be late，_?_.Ill be there on time.Awont you;Yes,I wi