中考英语语法专项.ppt

初中英语语法专项复习,专题1名词,第二篇 语法精点击,专题2代词,专题3冠词,专题4数词,专题5介词和介词短语,专题6形容词和副词,专题7连词,专题8系动词和情态动词,专题9动词词组及词义辨析,第二篇 语法精点击,专题10时态和语态,专题11非谓语动词,专题12主谓一致,专题13简单句（陈述句、疑问句、反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句）,专题14复合句（宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句,专题 1 名词,专题1 名词,考点直击,1分类不可数名词分为_(表示无法分为个体的物质，如rice,water,milk等)和_(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work,time,health等)。常考的不可数名词还有advice,happiness,news,trouble,weather,traffic,information,homework,progress,experience(经验)等。,1不可数名词,中考考点1正确识别可数名词和不可数名词。2掌握可数名词复数形式的构成。3掌握名词所有格和名词作定语的用法。,物质名词,抽象名词,专题1 名词,2基本用法不可数名词一般没有复数形式，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。不可数名词前面不能用不定冠词a/an修饰，但可用定冠词the修饰。3既可数又不可数的名词有些名词既能用作可数名词，又能用作不可数名词，但意义不同。如：chicken鸡(可数);鸡肉(不可数)room房间(可数);空间(不可数)fish鱼(可数);鱼肉(不可数),专题1 名词,glass玻璃杯(可数);玻璃(不可数)paper试卷，报纸(可数);纸张(不可数)4不可数名词量的表达不可数名词的数量要借助一个量词来表达，其结构为“数词量词of不可数名词”。如：一块面包_两杯茶_三杯橘汁_,a piece of bread,two cups of tea,three glasses of orange,专题1 名词,2可数名词,1规则名词复数形式的构成,专题1 名词,专题1 名词,2不规则名词复数形式的构成不规则变化的名词的复数形式有三种情况：(1)改变单数名词中的元音字母。如：footfeet;toothteeth;manmen;womanwomen;policemanpolicemen;policewomanpolicewomen;EnglishmanEnglishmen(但GermanGermans)(2)词尾加(r)en。如：child_；oxoxen(3)单复数同形。如：sheepsheep;deerdeer;fishfish;Chinese_；Japanese_,children,Chinese,Japanese,专题1 名词,3名词修饰名词时的复数形式的构成名词作定语修饰名词时，其复数形式要将后面的名词变成复数，如：许多苹果树 many apple trees。但是，如果man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，两部分都用复数。如：woman teacherwomen teachers女教师；man doctormen doctors男医生4英语中有些名词总以复数形式出现。如：trousers,pants,clothes,glasses(眼镜)5集体名词的数。集体名词表示的是由若干个个体组成的集合体。如：family,class,team等，它们虽以单数形式出现，但意义实为复数。如果强调某个集合的整体则应视为单数。如：,专题1 名词,My family are watching TV.我的家人正在看电视。My family is a happy one.我家是一个幸福的家庭。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people(人们),police(警察)等，如果要表达单数形式则要使用其他名词。如：一个人a people()a person()一名警察a police()a policeman/policewoman(),专题1 名词,3名词所有格,1构成(1)有生命的名词所有格的构成方法：一般情况下在名词后加s。如：迈克的汽车 _我妈妈的生日 _以s结尾的复数名词只加。如：教师节 _三个小时的步行 _,Mikes car,my mothers birthday,Teachers Day,3 hours walk,专题1 名词,不以s结尾的复数名词，直接在词尾加s。如：妇女节 _儿童节 _(2)无生命的名词的所有格一般由“of名词”构成。如：我们教室的一张照片 _一张中国地图 _注意 表示时间、距离、集体、国家、团体等无生命的名词，也可用s构成所有格。如：今天的报纸 _世界人口 _,Womens Day,Childrens Day,a picture of our classroom,a map of China,todays newspaper,the worlds population,专题1 名词,2特殊用法(1)表示共同拥有的人或物时，只需在最后一个人的名字后加s；表示各自所有时，则需在每个名字后加s。如：莉莉和露西共有的房间 _莉莉和露西各自的房间 _(2)表示“家”、“店铺”等处所。如：在李雷家 at Li Leis,Lily and Lucys room,Lilys and Lucys rooms,专题1 名词,在医生的诊所_在药店 at the chemists(3)双重所有格表示整体中的一部分，结构为“of名词所有格”或“of名词性物主代词”。如：我父亲的一本书_我的一个朋友 a friend of mine one of my friends,at the doctors,a book of my fathers,专题1 名词,用所给词的适当形式填空1We should learn from _(hero)2_(leaf)turn green in spring.3Would you like some _(milk)?4There _(be)good news in todays newspaper.5The pair of shoes _(be)very nice.Ill take it.6The two _(boy)jackets are very new.7He is a friend of my _(sister)8All the _(woman)teachers are happy on March 8th.,考点过关,heroes,Leaves,milk,is,is,boys,sisters,women,专题1 名词,9There are several _(library)in the city.10Here are some _(photo)for you.11Those _(policeman)are looking for the lost kids.12Collecting stamps is one of my _(hobby)13Many _(people)went to the beach last weekend.14The food _(taste)delicious.I like it very much.15I want to be an _(art)when I grow up.16Children need time and _(free)to have fun.,libraries,photos,policemen,hobbies,people,tastes,artist,freedom,专题1 名词,语法专练,真题演练1.2013德州 A/An_ can use his drawings to tell about beautiful mountains,the blue sea and many other things.A.actorB.scientist C.artist D.doctor2.2013上海 The students didnt find much _ about the topic on that website.A.report B.article C.information D.story,C,C,专题1 名词,3.2013黄冈 Someone called you just now.I know.But I was busy at that moment.When I called back,there was no _.A.voice B.sound C.answer D.result4.2013扬州 If I am wanted in the telephone,ask him to leave a _.A.message B.letter C.diary D.sentence,C,A,专题1 名词,能力训练.单项填空1How many _ do we need to make fruit salad?Two should be enough.Acabbage Bpotatoes Cbananas Dlemon,C,专题1 名词,2Would you please pass me something to drink?What about some _？Abeef Bfish Cjuice Dbread,解析 beef意为“牛肉”；fish意为“鱼肉”；juice意为“果汁”；bread意为“面包”。根据“something to drink(一些喝的东西)”可知只有juice符合。故选C。,C,专题1 名词,3How many_teachers are there in your school?_ them_ over two hundred.A.woman;The number of;is B.women;The number of;is C.woman;A number of;is D.women;A number of;are,解析本题主要考查名词复数的用法。英语中有这样的使用习惯：man,woman等名词作定语时，如果后面被修饰的名词是复数，man和woman也要变成复数。a number of表示“若干，许多”，谓语动词用复数；the number of表示“的数量”，谓语动词用单数。句意：“你们学校有多少女老师？”“数量超过200。”故选B。,B,专题1 名词,4_ are made of metal and wood.AKnifes BKnives CThieves DWives,解析 由句意可排除C、D；knife的复数形式是knives，故选B。,B,专题1 名词,5You should do more_.Dont always sit at the desk doing your _ Aexercise;exercises Bexercises;exercise Cexercises;exercises Dexercise;exercise,解析 exercise 表示“运动”时，是不可数名词；表示“练习”时，是可数名词。,A,专题1 名词,6My mother bought _ for me yesterday.Aa pair of glasses Ba pair of glass Ca glasses Da glass7Good news.We will have a _ holiday.Ive heard of it.But its coming in _ Athree days;three days time Bthree days;three days Cthreeday;three days Dthree days;threeday time,A,C,专题1 名词,8_ is celebrated on September 10th.ANational Day BTeachers Day CDragon Boat Festival DSpring Festival,B,专题1 名词,.用所给词的适当形式填空1The _(develop)of science has changed our world a lot.2My grandfather thinks that kids have too much _(free)these days.3Sometimes it requires courage to tell the _(true)4Can I help you,madam?Two kilos of _(tomato),please.5How many times do you brush your _(tooth)every day?,development,freedom,truth,tomatoes,teeth,专题 2 代词,专题 2 代词,考点直击,1分类人称代词有人称、数、格的变化。详见下表：,中考考点1人称代词和物主代词的不同形式及其用法。2反身代词和指示代词的人称和数的变化。3不定代词和疑问代词的基本用法。,1人称代词,专题 2 代词,me,us,him,you,she,it,they,you,专题 2 代词,2.用法人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或表语，宾格作动词或介词的宾语，也可作表语使用。如：We all like him.(we作主语，him作宾语)Who is it?Its I/me.(it作主语，I/me作表语)(1)当句中三种人称单数并列时一般顺序是you,he and I(即二、三、一)；复数并列时顺序是we,you and they。(2)it的用法代替前面提到过的事物。如：This is a watch.It is new.这是一块手表，它是新的。,专题 2 代词,指时间、天气、距离等。如：Hows the weather today？今天天气怎么样？Its sunny.天气晴朗。Its eight oclock in the evening.现在是晚上八点钟。代替动词不定式作句中的形式主语或形式宾语，也可用于某些固定句式中。如：_hard for me_the homework on time.对我而言，按时完成作业很难。We think it helpful_a walk after supper.我们认为晚饭后散步很有益。_him three days to finish reading the book.他花了三天时间读完了那本书。,Its,to finish,to take,It took,专题 2 代词,2物主代词,1分类物主代词是用来表示所有关系的。物主代词又分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。详见下表：,专题 2 代词,mine,yours,its,his,专题 2 代词,2.用法形容词性物主代词不能单独使用，用于名词前作定语，相当于形容词的作用；名词性物主代词可单独使用，相当于名词的作用。名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词。如：This is his computer.This computer is his.这是他的电脑。,专题 2 代词,3反身代词,1含义反身代词表示“某人自己”。详见下表：,myself,yourselves,themselves,itself,专题 2 代词,2.用法(1)反身代词在句子中用作宾语和表语(不能单独用作主语)，和句子中的主语相呼应，表示主语是动作的承受者或表现的特征是自己本身。如：The girl is too young to look after _.这个女孩太小，不能照顾自己。(作宾语)(2)反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语，起强调主语或宾语的作用。如：I myself can do this work well.我自己能做好这项工作。(作主语的同位语),herself,专题 2 代词,You can ask the teacher herself.你可以问问老师本人。(作宾语的同位语)3固定搭配leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下_ 随便吃/喝by oneself 单独地_ 过得快乐；玩得开心learn by oneselfteach oneself 自学_ 伤害某人自己come to oneself 苏醒say to oneself 心里想；自言自语make oneself at home 别拘束,help oneself to,enjoy oneself,hurt oneself,专题 2 代词,4指示代词,指示代词是表示指示概念的代词，可以在句子中作主语、表语、宾语和定语。指示代词有：,专题 2 代词,1.this/that可用于电话用语中，this代表自己，that则代表对方。如：Hello!This is Jane.喂！我是简。Is that Mike？你是迈克吗？Who is that？你是谁？2it,one,that的用法区别为了避免重复，可以用it,one,that代替上文出现的名词。注意以下几点：,专题 2 代词,(1)it用来指上文提及的同一个事物或前面提及的情况。it可代替单数可数名词或不可数名词。如：She enjoyed the story because it is very interesting.她喜欢这个故事，因为它很有趣。The food is delicious.I like it very much.食物很可口，我很喜欢它。(2)one用以避免重复单数可数名词。它既可代替事物，泛指同类事物中的一个，也可以代替人，其复数形式为ones。My sweater is too old.Ill buy a new one.我的毛衣太旧了，我要买一件新的。,专题 2 代词,The green pencils are yours and the red ones are mine.绿色铅笔是你的，红色铅笔是我的。(3)that用来代替物，不能代替人，它既可以代替可数名词，也可以代替不可数名词，其复数形式为those。如：The population of the city is much larger than that of the town.这个城市的人口比那个镇的人口多很多。The apples in the box are different from those on the table.盒子里的苹果与桌上的苹果不同。,专题 2 代词,5不定代词,1定义不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫不定代词。不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词。多数可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。常见的不定代词有some,any,no,none,one,all,every,each,other,another,either,neither,both,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,a lot of,lots of以及some,any,no,every与thing,body或one构成的复合不定代词。,专题 2 代词,2常用的意义相近的不定代词之间的辨析(1)few,a few,little与a little,专题 2 代词,He has _ friends，but he has _ good friends.他有一些朋友，但是他几乎没有好朋友。Theres still _ meat at home，but theres _ bread.家里还有点儿肉，但是几乎没面包了。(2)some与any二者均表示“一些”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句中，any一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。,a few,few,a little,little,专题 2 代词,在疑问句中，表示说话人希望得到肯定回答，或表示请求、建议时用some。如：Would you like _ tea?你想喝些茶吗？Will you please get _ water for me?请你帮我弄点儿水好吗？(3)both,all,neither,either,any与none,some,some,专题 2 代词,My parents are _ teachers.我父母都是老师。There are some trees on _ side of the road.路两边都有树。I like _ of these two coats.两件大衣我都不喜欢。(4)many,much与a lot of三者都表示“许多”。其中many 和much 常用于否定句和疑问句中；肯定句中常用a lot of。many修饰可数名词复数；much修饰不可数名词；a lot of(lots of)既可以修饰可数名词复数，又可以修饰不可数名词。,both,either,neither,专题 2 代词,(5)each与every两者都表示“每个，各个”，each强调每个人或事物的个别情况，即强调个体；every有“全体”的意思，即强调整体。如：_ of them has a dictionary.他们每人都有一本词典。_ minute is important to us.对我们来说每分钟都很重要。,Each,Every,专题 2 代词,(6)another,(the)other与(the)othersanother 泛指“三者或三者以上中的另一个”。other泛指“另外的”，不能单独使用，后接名词。others相当于“other复数名词”，泛指“别的人或物”。the other(单数可数名词)指“两者中的另一个”，常用于“onethe other”结构。the others相当于“the other复数名词”，表示“其余所有的人或物”。如：Dont lose heart.Have _ try.别灰心，再试一次。Do you have any other ideas?你有别的想法吗？,another,专题 2 代词,I have two brothers._ is a doctor，_ is a teacher.我有两个兄弟。一个是医生，另一个是教师。He is always ready to help _他总是乐意帮助别人。Five of them are in the classroom.What about _？他们中有五个人在教室里。其余的人呢？(7)复合不定代词指代人的：someone/somebody(某人),anyone/anybody(任何人),nobody(没人),everyone/everybody(每个人)指代事物的：something(某事，某物),anything(任何事),nothing(没什么),everything(每件事，一切),One,the other,others,the others,专题 2 代词,请注意以下几点：以some和any开头的复合不定代词的用法和some,any的用法一样。(some和any的用法见上文)修饰复合不定代词的形容词要放在其后。如：Is there _ in todays newspaper?今天的报纸有什么重要新闻吗？复合不定代词作主语视为单数。如：Nobody _ his name.没有人知道他的名字。,anything important,knows,专题 2 代词,6疑问代词,疑问代词主要有who(谁),whom(谁),which(哪一个/哪一些),what(什么)和whose(谁的)，用来构成特殊疑问句，放在句子开头。如：_ do you want to know?你想要知道什么？_ shirt is this?这是谁的衬衫？,What,Whose,专题 2 代词,用所给词的适当形式填空1Ms Li teaches _(we)maths this term.2This isnt _(she)watch.She lost hers.3My schoolbag is the same as _(you)4They enjoyed _(they)at the party.5_(that)blue socks look very nice.6Everyone in our class _(study)hard every day.7He doesnt have _(something)to do.8_(whom)spoke at the meeting?,考点过关,us,her,yours,themselves,Those,studies,anything,Who,专题 2 代词,9Help _(you)to some beef,Jack.10Shall we wait for _(they)at the school gate?11_(we)teachers are very friendly to us.12Bob is a friend of _(I).We often help each other.13Thats my father._(him)is reading a newspaper.14She cooked dinner by _(she)15My school is bigger than _(her)16I think the bike cant be _(he),yourself,them,Our,mine,He,herself,hers,his,专题 2 代词,17Jane is sitting between Lily and _(my)18Their books are older than _(we)19Please take some cards to _(she)20Dont make _(his)feel sad.21_(us)should be polite to the old.22My sister has a cat._(it)name is Mimi.23The little boy cant dress _(him)24Does _(somebody)have anything more to say?,me,ours,her,him,We,Its,himself,anybody,专题 2 代词,语法专练,真题演练1.2013天津 This morning Diana invited _to _birthday party.A.I;herB.I;hers C.me;her D.me;hers2.2013贺州 Which do you prefer,rice or noodles?_，thanks.I am not hungry.I only need some water.A.Neither B.Either C.Both D.All,C,A,专题 2 代词,3.2013玉林 Jane,is this _ umbrella?No,its not mine.It is _.A.you;hers B.your;hers C.yours;her D.your;her4.2013白银 _ is really hard _ them to climb such a high mountain.A.This;to B.It;to C.This;for D.It;for,B,D,专题 2 代词,5.2013新疆 Jack,is there _ in todays newspaper?No,nothing.A.anything important B.something important C.important anything D.important something6.2013铜仁 You swim so well.Who taught you?Learn by _.A.myself B.herself C.himself D.itself,A,A,专题 2 代词,能力训练.单项填空1Are these books_？No,they are not mine.They belong to _ Ayour;herByours;her Cyou;hers Dyours;she,解析 第一空要用名词性物主代词，第二空用代词的宾格形式，故选B。,B,专题 2 代词,2_ may have a chance to be successful if he tries his best.ASomebody BEverybody CNobody DNone,解析 somebody意为“有人，某人”；everybody意为“人人，每人”；nobody意为“没有人”；none意为“没有一个”。句意：如果尽力，每个人都有机会成功。故选B。,B,专题 2 代词,3Peter tried on three jackets,but_ of them fitted him.Aall Bboth Cnone Dneither,解析 all意为“(三者或者三者以上的人或事物)都”；both意为“(两者)都”；none意为“(三者或三者以上的人或事物)都不”；neither意为“(两者)都不”。句意：彼得试穿了三件夹克衫，但是都不合身。故选C。,C,专题 2 代词,4Most students think they should have_time and energy to develop their own interests.AfewBless ClittleDmore,解析 句意：大部分学生认为他们应该有更多的时间和精力来发展自己的兴趣。故选D。,D,专题 2 代词,5Lily and her sister look the same.I cant tell one from_ Aother Banother Cthe other Dothers,解析 the other 指“(两者中的)另一个”。句意：莉莉和她姐姐看起来一样。我分辨不出她们彼此。,C,6Harry Potter is so interesting a book that lots of teenagers like to read_ AitBthis CthatDone,A,专题 2 代词,7Do you have enough students to clean the laboratory?No,I think we need_ students.Aanother Btwo others Cmore two Dtwo more,解析 答语句意：不，我认为我们还需要两个学生。another意为“另一个”，是指三者或三者以上中的“另一个”；没有two others这种表达方式；表示还需要两个应该用“two more”或“another two”来表示。故选D。,D,专题 2 代词,8Help_ to some fruit.Thank you.Ayourself Byour Cyou Dyours,解析 考查反身代词的用法。help oneself to sth意为“请随意吃；自便”，这是招待客人时的日常用语。句意：“请随便吃些水果。”“谢谢。”故选A。,A,专题 2 代词,.根据句意及汉语提示完成句子1One of the secrets of our success is to believe in _(我们自己)2He is taller than _(任何其他的)student in his class.3Xiaoming,I have _(重要的事情)to tell you.4Kathy always makes_(少)mistakes than the other students in her class.5I happened to meet an old friend of _(我的)at the bus stop this morning.,ourselves,any other,something important,fewer,mine,专题 3 冠词,专题 3 冠词,考点直击,1特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如：_ in the white car is Toms father.白色小汽车里的那个男人是汤姆的爸爸。2指上文已经提到的人或事物。如：Lily bought a storybook._ is very interesting.莉莉买了一本故事书，这本书很有趣。,1定冠词the的用法,中考考点掌握定冠词、不定冠词及零冠词的基本使用规则和常见的习惯用法。,The man,The book,专题 3 冠词,3指谈话双方都知道的人或物。如：Where are _，Jim?吉姆，新书在哪里？They are on the desk.它们在课桌上。4用在世界上独一无二的名词前。如：_ is bigger than _.太阳比月亮大。5用在与play连用的西洋乐器名词前。如：She often plays _ after school.她经常在放学后拉小提琴。,the new books,The sun,the moon,the violin,专题 3 冠词,6用在方位名词前。如：in the east/west/south/north 在东/西/南/北边on the left/right在左/右边7用在序数词和形容词最高级前(副词最高级前the 可省略)。如：Lin Tao is _ in his class.林涛是他班里个子最高的男孩儿。提醒 序数词前通常用the，但表示在原来基础上另加一(个)，则在序数词前加a。如：a second language(除母语外的)第二语言,the tallest boy,专题 3 冠词,The cakes are very delicious.I have just eaten two of them.Can I have a third one?这些蛋糕很可口，我刚刚吃了两块，我能再吃一块吗？8用在某些形容词前，表示一类人或事物。如：the old老人_年轻人the poor穷人 _富人the sick病人 _盲人_残疾人9用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇二人。如：_ are eating dinner.布莱克一家人正在吃晚饭。,the young,the rich,the blind,the disabled,The Blacks,专题 3 冠词,10用在江河、海洋、湖泊、山脉、群岛的名称前。如：the West Lake 西湖_黄河11用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：the Summer Palace 颐和园_ 长城12用在一些国家名称、机关团体等专有名词前。如：the United Nations 联合国_美国13用在表示“世纪年代”的结构前，年份后面加“s”。如：in the 1990s在二十世纪九十年代,the Yellow River,the Great Wall,the United States,专题 3 冠词,14用在某些习惯用语中。如：in the sky在天空中_同时all the time总是，一直 in the end最后；终于in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上in the beginning开始all the year round一年到头_仍然，依然in the middle of在中间_顺便问一句/说一句,at the same time,all the same,by the way,专题 3 冠词,2不定冠词a/an的用法,不定冠词a和an都用在可数名词单数之前。1表示类别，泛指一类人或物。如：_ is bigger than a rabbit.马比兔子大。2指某人或某物，但不具体指明是哪个人或物。如：_ is waiting for you at the gate.有位妇女在门口等你。3表示数量“一”，但数的概念不如one强烈。如：I have _我有一本书。4表示职业、身份、宗教等。如：Her brother is _.她哥哥是一名医生。,A hors