中考英语情态动词复习.ppt

中考英语语法-情态动词,(1)John_ come to see us tonight,but he isnt very sure yet.A.may B.can C.has to D.must(2)-May I take this book out?-No,you_.A.mustnt B.may not C.neednt D.arent(3)Youd better_late next time.A.not to be B.not be C.wont be D.dont be,(4)-He_ be in the classroom,I think.-No,he _ be in the classroom.I saw him go home a minute ago.can;may not B.must;may not C.may;cant D.may;mustnt(5)He had to give up the plan,_ he?A.did B.didnt C.does D.doesnt,第一部分：基本知识,一、情态动词是什么？,动词的类别,行为动词,系动词,助动词,情态动词,能够独立做谓语,不能独立做谓语,掌握情态动词的定义：表示可能、怀疑、允诺、愿望、义务、必要、猜测等的动词是情态动词。,二、情态动词的基本句型,陈述句 主+情态动词+v原疑问句 情态动词+主+v原？否定句-主+情态动词 not+v原考点：注意may,must疑问句的否定回答考点：注意had better,need两种词性,三、常考的情态动词,can能;可能-couldmay可以-mightmust必须;一定need需要-非标准情态动词should-shall would-willhad betterused to 过去常常would rather 宁愿,第二部分：常考情态动词,情态动词后加行为动词原形构成谓语。要掌握的情态动词有：can(could),may(might),must,should.,can 的用法1、表示“会，能够”。例如：He can speak English.2、表示许可或请求，此时可等于may.例如：You can use this pen.Can I borrow your book?,3、表示怀疑、不确定或猜想的情况,多用于疑问或否定句中。例如：Can it be true?He cant be at school,because I met him just now.He couldnt be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。,1、can 和 be able to 表示能力时用法相同，但can只有两种时态，而be able to 可用于多种时态。They will be able to tell you the news soon.他很快就能告诉你消息了。,注意：,2、could是can的过去式，可以表示过去的能力，此外：1）提出委婉的请求，（注意此时在回答中不可用could）。-Could I have the television on?-Yes,you can./No,you cant.2）在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。He couldnt be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。,may的用法。1、表示许可或请求,其否定回答用cant或 mustnt。例如：May I go home now?Yes,you may.No,you cant/mustnt.,2、表示可能性或猜测。例如：You may be right.3、当表示请求时,might比may 语气更婉转。当表示猜测 时，might比may 更不确 定。,can和may表示可能性时的区别,1、在肯定句中用may表示可能。E.G.You had better ask the policeman.He may know.2、在否定句中，若语气肯定，表示“不可能”时用cant；若语气不肯定，表示“可能不”时用may not。E.G.He cant be in the room.I saw him go out 10 minutes ago.,1、表示必须，一定要或禁止。例如：You must do your homework right now.You mustnt smoke here.,must 的用法。,2、以must开头的疑问句，其否定回答要用neednt.例如：Must I clean the classroom now?Yes,you must.No,you neednt.,3、must用于一般现在时和一般将来时，而其它形式用“have to”来代替。如:She had to do some cooking yesterday because her parents were out.,4、比较have to和must 两词都是必须的意思，have to 表示客观的需要，must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。My brother was very ill,so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）,在否定结构中：dont have to 表示“不必”mustnt表示“禁止”，You dont have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。You mustnt tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。,need的用法,need既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to,实义动词：need（需要,要求）need+n./to do sth.E.G.I need your help.I need to finish the work.I dont need to finish the work.Do you need to finish the work?2)情态动词：need后加do，否定形式为need not。Need I do my homework right now?Yes,you must./No,you neednt.3)need 的被动含义：need doing=need to be done,表示“应该”，有建议的意味,并不表示过去时态。常用来表示义务、责任。例如:Everyone should work hard every day.We should protect our living environment.,should 的用法,shall的用法,shall用于第一人称表示征求意见、询问Shall I open the door?Shall we go to the zoo?,will的用法,will用于第二人称表示询问、请求，也可表示现在的“意愿”Will you pass me the book?We will do anything for you.,would的用法,would用来表示过去的意愿或委婉询问Would you tell me the way to the station?,推测语气,对现在或将来情况推测：I dont know where she is,she may be in Wuhan.,（2）must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）He must be working in his office.他一定在办公室工作呢。,（3）否定和疑问分别用cant和can。If Tom didnt leave here until five oclock,he cant be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。Can he tell a lie?He cant tell a lie.*must-should/ought to may-might/could可能性依次减弱,（4）should have done sth本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。You shouldhave been more careful in this experiment.,He must be reading,isnt he?You must do it yourself,mustnt you?He must have gone over the article,hasnt he?It must have rained last night,didnt it?,（5）表猜测语气的反意疑问句的构成,固定搭配,1、would rather do2、would rather not do3、would rather than 宁愿而不愿。4、would like to do=want to 想要,would rather do.than do宁愿做而不愿做,解析:宁愿而不愿，中考共三种表达方式1、prefer to do.rather than do宁愿做而不愿做(动词词组)例:I prefer to swim rather than stay at home.我宁愿去跑步也不愿待在家里2、would rather do.than do宁愿做而不愿做(动词词组)例:I would rather swim than stay at home.我宁愿去跑步也不愿待在家里3、preferto I prefer dogs to cats.相对于猫.我更喜欢狗.would rather是情态动词，否定为 would rather not do,5、had better表示“最好”had better 相当于一个助动词，它 只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原 形。had better do sth had better not do sthIt is pretty cold.Youd better put on my coat.Shed better not play with the dog.,的三个辨析,used to,be used to doing,be used to do,used to,过去常常（情态动词）,He used to go shopping on weekends.他过去常常周末去买东西,The Englishman isnt used to driving on theright in China.,某人习惯于(to是介词）,被动语态（to是不定式）,Pens are used to write on paper.,6.,【实例解析】,例 1：-_the news be true?No,it_be true.A.Can,cant B.May,cantC.May,may not D.Must,mustnt,析：选A。因为前半句是疑问句，后半句为否定句，两空都不能使用may/might 和must，应而用can和cant。,例2：-Could I borrow your dictionary?Yes,of course you_.A.mightB.will C.canD.should,析：选C。该句用can的委婉表达式could 来征求对方意见，could 和might通用，但回答时必须还成can或may，因此该题不选A.,例3：_you mind my smoking here?A.ShouldB Could C.MightD.Would,析：选D。征求对方意见我是否在这儿吸烟，语气理应委婉，所以应选委婉的表达方式would you mind来征求对方意见。,例4：-Must I start at once?No,you_.A.needntB.mustnt C.cantD.wont,析：A。由语境可知该答句表示“不必”，而mustnt表示“不准、禁止”，不符合语境，显然应使用neednt表示“不必”，但肯定句回答继续用must。,例5：_you please help me with my English?A.WouldB.Do C.ShallD.Can,析：A。次句表示请求对方意见，有“愿意”之意，而且又用于第二人称，应选用would。,第三部分：情态动词与时态,第四部分：真题解析与练习,1must和have to【考例】-Must we finish giving out the posters today?-Yes,we _.It cant be put off any longer.太原市A.can B.may C.must答案C。解析 此题考查情态动词的用法。回答由must引起的一般疑问句，其肯定答语要用must，不能用can或may。故选C。-I didnt pass the math test.I think I have spent too much time playing computer games recently.-I agree.You _ play like that any more.河南省A.needntB.mustntC.may notD.wouldnt答案B。解析 此处选mustnt。表示“一定不能”“千万不能”，用较强的语气来提醒对方不能再玩游戏了。When traffic lights are red.We _stop and wait.南京市A.mayB.canC.must D.might.答案C。解析 考查情态动词，must必须，表示禁止。,2can和could-Could I borrow your dictionary?-Of course you _.陕西省A.can B.mustC.should D.will答案A。解析 上文的could并不表示过去，而只是一种委婉的说法，所以答语用can更礼貌些。-Listen!Is Tom singing in the classroom?-No.It _be Tom.He has gone to Paris.长沙市A.may notB.neednt C.cant答案C。解析 因为汤姆不在这里，所以不可能是他。一Mary，_you speak Chinese?一Yes，only a little 北京市A mustB need C mayDcan答案D。解析 考查情态动词，“玛丽，你会说英语吗?“是的，会一点”。故选D。can表示能够,其他典型例题1.Schools _allow students at least one hour a day for sports.A.would B.might C.should D.could答案C。解析 此处用情态动词should的用法。should表示“应当应该”的含义比其他三个词更强些。2.Bob，may I _your MP4?一SureBut youd better not _it to othersA.lend；lend B lend；borrowC borrow；borrowD.borrow；lend答案D。解析本题考查动词borrow和lend的区别.由语境可判断前者是借入，用borrow后者是借出，用lend。3.-What about playing football this afternoon,Sam?-I would rather _ at home than_ football.Its too hot outside.A.stay;playing B.stay;playC.to stay;to playD.to stay;playing答案B,4.He used to _ in the sun,but now he is used toat night.A.read,readB.reading,readC.read,reading D.reading,reading答案：C。解析考查固定结构的用法。Used 后接动词不定时，be used to 后接动名词。故选C。5.You _do it if you really dont want to.A.needntB.mustnt C.cantD.couldnt答案A。解析 考查情态动词。本题应由句意人手破解。如果你不想做的话，你“没有必要”做它，所以正确答案为A项。6.-May I do the rest of the work tomorrow?-Yea,of course.You _finish it today.A.mustB.mustntC.neednt答案C。解析思路分析：根据句意可知，neednt不必,7._ I borrow your MP3?Sure.Here you are.A.May B.Should C.Must D.Would答案】A。【解析】在此处表示请求，意为“做可以吗”。8.You _be tired after working for eight hours without a rest.A.canB.mayC.must D.need答案C。解析 本题考查情态动词must，can，may与need的区别。情态动词must在此表示肯定的推测。9.一Look at the boy running on the groundIs it Davis?It _be himI saw him go to the teachers office just nowA mustB cant CcouldDmight答案B。解析 考查情态动词。表推测时否定句中用cant。表示“不可能”，因为他已经去了老师的办公室。,1._I open the window?Its hot here.A.Must B.Shall C.Will D.Would2.Go and ask Mr Liu.He _tell you.A.may B.can C.would D.could3._you please tell me the time please?A.Shall B.Will C.May D.Might4._I try out all the ideas?No,you _.A.Must,mustnt B.Need,need C.Must,dont have to D.Must,dont5._I speak to Mr Green，please?A.Will B.Could C.Must D.Would,B,A,B,C,B,课时训练,9.He said Kate _come to the party.But I dont think so.A.could B.might C.need D.must10.Need I do my lessons right now?Yes,you_.A.need B.can C.should D.must11.Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon?Id love to.But Im afraid I_.I have too much work to do.A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.may not12.To make our city more beautiful，rubbish_into the river.A.neednt be thrown B.mustnt be thrown C.cant throw D.may not throw,B,D,A,B,课时训练,10.Dont worry!We can get to the bus station in time and _the early bus.A.dont miss B.can miss C.will miss D.wont miss11.Please dont make any noise in the reading room._ A.Sorry,I wont.B.Sorry,I cant.C.Yes,I wont.D.OK,I didnt.12.Must I return your digital camera tomorrow.Tina?No,you_.A.mustnt B.may not C.neednt D.wont,A,C,D,课时训练,13.Would you like some more?_Im full.A.Yes,please.B.Id love to.C.No,I wouldnt.D.No,thanks.14.You_swim in this part of the lake.Its dangerous.A.mustnt B.may not C.neednt D.wont15.Your e-mail address again?I_quite catch it.Hr Zhou.A.dont B.cant C.wont D.didnt,A,D,D,课时训练,【中考演练】,(1)May I change the film here?No,you do that in the sunshine.A.neednt B.dont have to C.cant D.may not*(2).He come here tomorrow.A.need not B.doesnt need C.neednt to D.dont need,*(3)-Listen!Somebody is singing in the next room.Who _ it be?Is it Meihua?-No.It _ be her.She is at school now.A.will,may not B.must,mustnt C.may,cant D.may,wont(4)Boys,you _ be sitting in this room.It is for your teachers only.A.shouldnt B.dont C.wont D.neednt,*(5)Peter has to work till midnight,_?A.hasnt he B.doesnt Peter C.hasnt Peter D.doesnt he(6)Its raining hard outside,I _stay at home.A.must B.have to C.may D.can,*(7)My watch has been broken,it_.A.needs repairing B.needs repaired C.needs be repaired D.needs to repaired.*(8)The poor man needs our help,_ he?A.need B.neednt C.does D.doesnt,(9)-_ I take the newspaper away?-No,you mustnt.You_read it only here.A.Must;can B.May;can C.Need;must D.Must;must,(10)You_ go and see a doctor at once because youve got a fever.A.can B.must C.dare D.would,