中考(英语)板块1-语基.ppt

语言基础知识,重点讲解,重点讲解,考查形式 单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）【例】-Would you mind staying in such a noisy room?-No,but my son needs a _ place to study in.A.cleaner B.quieter C.safer D.smaller,重点讲解,考查形式 填 空(共16小题；每小题1分，满分16分）,根据句意及汉语注释填空。例:Listen!There is someone _(敲)at the door.,B)根据句意及首字母提示填空。例:You must keep it as a s_.Its only between you and me.,C)根据句意及英文释义填空。例:Wild animals run _(here and there)before the earthquake.,D)根据句意，用所给词的适当形式填空。例:Will you please show us some _(tradition)paper cuts?,重点讲解,考查形式 E)根据对话内容，从下面方框中选择适当的单词或短语填空，使对话内容完整正确。Amy:Do you wear glasses,Jack?Jack:Thankfully,no.Pam:Youre lucky.Jack:I(57)want glasses.I wanted to look smart.Amy:Really?So what happened?Jack:Well,I had some friends with glasses.They had problems with their glasses.I learnt something.Good(58)is a good thing.,Pam:I agree.When did you start wearing glasses,Amy?Amy:I got my first(59)in junior high school.Jack:What about you,Pam?Pam:I started wearing glasses in fifth grade.I had trouble seeing the board at school.So my parents took me to an eye doctor.He(60)me.Jack:OK.What else?Pam:Shortly after,I felt much better though I still needed glasses.Jack:Our eyes are valuable.We should do our best to(61)them.Pam:Thats true.,重点讲解,考查内容 单项填空 单项选择题的特点是知识容量大，覆盖面广。它包括语法测试、词汇测试、常识测试、惯用法测试和日常交际用语测试等，几乎包括初中阶段所学的全部内容。,重点讲解,考查内容 单项填空 语法测试 词汇测试 常识测试 惯用法测试 交际用语测试,重点讲解,考查内容 填 空 填空题主要考查学生在一定的情境中运用词汇的能力。这种试题体现了“词不离句”的特点，要求同学们注意单词在句子中的确切含义与正确形式，而不是孤立地死记硬背单词。,重点讲解,考查内容 填 空 几乎涵盖初中阶段所学所有的词性。如：名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、代词等。填空时，要考虑名词的单复数；动词的人称数与时态、现在分词、过去分词；形容词、副词的比较等级；数词的基数词、序数词；代词的主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词等。此外，必须掌握相关语法知识、构词法及词形变化等，且能活学活用。,重点讲解,命题趋势 单项填空 1.注重知识灵活性例：-Do you mind if I turn on the TV?-_.My father is sleeping.(重庆市)A.Better not B.Not at all C.No,I dont mind D.Thats all right.,重点讲解,命题趋势 单项填空 2.注重题干语境性例：-Would you like some coffee,Mary?-Yes,please.And bring me some milk too.I prefer coffee _ milk.(江苏南京)A.to B.than C.with D.without,重点讲解,命题趋势 单项填空 3.注重试题综合性例：-_ terrible weather it is!-Its said that it will get even _ later.(上海市)A.What;bad B.What;worse C.How;bad D.How;worse,重点讲解,命题趋势 单项填空 4.注重选项干扰性例：-What are you going to do for the School Day?-Well _ a new play.(湖北武汉)A.put out B.put off C.put into D.put on,重点讲解,命题趋势 填 空第一，一些常用且易拼错的的单词在试卷中出现的频率较高;第二，词的惯用法在单词考查中占有了一定的比重;第三，不再是孤立地检查单词拼写的技能，而是在语句和特定的语境下考查拼写单词的技能。,重点讲解,命题趋势 填 空 1.貌似直接根据中文拼写，其实是要字斟句酌 的。要考虑一词多译的选择。例：-How long may I _(借)the book?-As long as two weeks.(山东济宁),keep,重点讲解,命题趋势 填 空 2.不再是孤立地考查单词的拼写，而是在句中、特定的语境中考查词的用法。例：The new student has _(到)in our school for about a month.(湖北黄冈),been,重点讲解,命题趋势 填 空 3.语法的考查贯穿于句子语境中。例：Little Tom is badly ill,he must _(take)to the hospital at once.(浙江杭州),be taken,重点讲解,命题趋势 填 空 4.惯用法、固定搭配及句型结构在中考试题中较 受青睐。例：They have some problems _(get)to the top of the mountain.(江苏苏州),getting,热点推荐,热点推荐,考点回眸单项填空,热点推荐,考点回眸单项选择,热点推荐,考点回眸单项选择,热点推荐,考点回眸填 空,热点推荐,高频考点单项填空冠 词 动词(含非谓语动词)名 词 时 态代 词 语 态形容词 宾语从句副 词 状语从句介 词 定语从句连 词 情景交际,热点推荐,冠词考查热点1.考查不定冠词a和an的用法。【典型试题】(江苏宿迁)Lily is _ active girl and she is fond of playing _ volleyball.A.an;a B.a;the C.an;/D.a;/,不定冠词用法口诀1：首提一类和泛指，数量一每一个，固定短语不能忘。不定冠词用法口诀2：不见元音不加an，不看字母看发音。,热点推荐,冠词考查热点2.考查定冠词the的常见用法。【典型试题】(江苏镇江)Wed better get ready for the dinner now because _ Greens are coming to visit us tonight.A.a B.an C.the D./,定冠词用法口诀:特指重提和唯一，江河湖泊大家知，序数最高国全名，姓氏复数农历节；方位后置奏乐器，形前习语要注意。,热点推荐,冠词考查热点3.考查零冠词用法。【典型试题】(江苏南京)-What do you usually have for _ breakfast,Peter?-A fried egg,three pieces of bread and a glass of milk.A.a B.an C.the D./,零冠词用法口诀:三餐节日和呼语，语言学科和球棋，专有抽象名词前，一定不能用冠词。,热点推荐,名词考点1.对可数与不可数名词的考查。2.对名词所有格的考查。3.对名词作定语的考查。4.对易混名词的考查。5.对含有名词的固定短语的考查。,热点推荐,名词考查热点1.对易混名词的考查。【典型试题】(江苏南京)-Mrs Black,could you give me some advice on how to write an application letter?-With pleasure.Remember that the letter should be written in the formal _.A.value B.style C.effect D.mood,热点推荐,名词考查热点2.对含有名词的固定短语的考查。【典型试题】(安徽省)David is so kind that he often gives me a _ when Im in trouble.A.reply B.seat C.hand D.reason,答题秘诀：熟记初中段所学含有名词的固定短语的构成及意义。如：by mistake“错误地”；on show“展览”；give sb.a hand“帮助某人”；after a while“过一会儿”；in the end“最后”；make room for“给腾出空间”等等。,热点推荐,代词考点1.考查人称代词的用法。2.考查物主代词的用法。3.考查反身代词的用法。4.考查指示代词的用法。5.考查疑问代词的用法。6.考查不定代词的用法。,热点推荐,代词考查热点1.反身代词的考查。【典型试题】(山东威海)Dont lose _ in computer games,children.A.yourself B.yourselves C.ourselves D.themselves【典型试题】(湖南益阳)The story _ is quite interesting.A.it B.its C.its D.itself,热点推荐,代词考查热点2.对不定代词的考查。【典型试题】(江苏南京)-Whats wrong with my son,doctor?-_ serious.Just a slight cold.A.Something B.Anything C.Nothing D.Everything【典型试题】(云南省)-Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?-Im afraid _ day is possible.A.either B.neither C.some D.any,热点推荐,不定代词考点归纳：1.some和any；2.both和all；3.neither,no one和none4.either,any,each和every 5.few,a few,little和a little6.something,anything,nothing和everything somebody,anybody,nobody和everybody7.other,others,the other,the others 和 another,热点推荐,形容词、副词考点1.形容词、副词的构成、位置等基本用法。2.形容词、副词比较等级的构成及用法。3.考查近义词辨析及形容词、副词在具体语境中 的应用。4.考查程度副词的用法。5.考查疑问副词的用法。,热点推荐,形容词、副词考查热点1.近义词辨析及形容词、副词在具体语境中的应用。【典型试题】(江苏南京)-Mr Smith,I dont think we can get there on time by bike.-You mean its _ for us to take a taxi?A.necessary B.important C.possible D.difficult【典型试题】(江苏苏州)I can _ be a nurse.Im not a very patient person.A.seldom B.ever C.never D.always,热点推荐,形容词、副词考查热点2.形容词、副词的比较等级及其修饰语。【典型试题】(浙江杭州)-Are you satisfied with the result of the exam?-Not at all.I cant have _.A.a worse one B.a better one C.the worst one D.the best one,答题秘诀：牢记每个形容词、副词的意义，结合句子上下文的语境做出正确选择。熟练掌握形容词、副词比较级的构成及其与之相关的经典句型。,热点推荐,情态动词考点1.考查情态动词表示推测的用法。2.考查情态动词表示“请求”、“建议”、许诺”、“能力”等的用法。3.考查need和dare既可作情态动词，也可作实义 动词的。4.考查一些复合情态动词的用法。,热点推荐,情态动词考查热点1.情态动词表示推测的用法。【典型试题】(四川广元)-Be quiet,Mr Smith is coming,-Dont worry.It _ be him.Mr Smith is much taller.A.mustnt B.must C.cant 2.复合情态动词的考查。【典型试题】(江苏宿迁)You look quite tired.Youd better _ a good rest.A.stop to have B.stop having C.to stop to have D.to stop having,热点推荐,考查热点归纳一、情态动词表示推测1.may/might+动词原形2.can/could+动词原形3.must+动词原形(肯定)cant+动词原形(否定)4.should+动词原形二、复合情态动词1.would rather(not)+动词原形2.had better(not)+动词原形,热点推荐,时态、语态考点一、时态1.一般现在时 2.一般过去时3.一般将来时 4.现在进行时5.过去进行时 6.现在完成时7.过去完成时 8.过去将来时二、语态1.一般现在时被动语态 2.一般过去时被动语态3.一般将来时被动语态 4.现在完成时被动语态5.情态动词的被动语态,热点推荐,时态、语态考查热点 在具体语境中判断正确的时态和语态。【典型试题】(重庆市)-Excuse me,please look at the sign NO PHOTOS!-Sorry,I _ it.A.dont see B.didnt see C.havent seen D.wont see【典型试题】(湖北十堰)-Look,what have you done?-Sorry.I think if I _ another chance,Ill do it better.A.give B.will be given C.will give D.am given,热点推荐,时态、语态答题秘诀：一、时态1.巧抓时间标志词，确定正确时态。2.巧抓主从句时态的呼应，确定正确时态。3.巧抓试题的语境，确定正确时态。,热点推荐,时态、语态答题秘诀：二、熟记被动语态谓语结构,热点推荐,宾语从句考点1.考查宾语从句的连接词。2.考查宾语从句的语序。3.考查宾语从句的时态。4.考查when和if引导两种从句的易混点。,热点推荐,宾语从句考查热点1.对宾语从句连接词的考查。【典型试题】(江苏南京)-You cant imagine _ great fun chatting online is.-Really?But it may cause you a lot of trouble.A.what B.how C.why D.whether2.对when和if引导的两种易混从句的考查。【典型试题】(四川江油)-Do you know when he _ back?-Sorry,I dont know.When he _ back,Ill tell you.A.comes;comes B.comes;will come C.will come;comes D.will come;will come,热点推荐,宾语从句应试秘籍：1.对宾语从句的连接词判断可用下例方法：1）逆推法：即根据下文中的回答，逆推出空格处的连接词；2）语法分析法：即通过对从句句子成分的分析，从而确定 出空格处需要填入的是连接代词还是连接副词。2.判断when或if引导的是何种从句，可用下列方法：1）位置判断法；2）中文翻译法；3）句法分析法。,热点推荐,状语从句考点,热点推荐,状语从句考查热点1.在语境中考查状语从句引导词的正确选择。【典型试题】(江苏宿迁)Some people wont realize the importance of their health _ they have lost it.A.after B.when C.until D.as,答题秘诀：牢记状语从句的类型及常见的连接词。如when等引导时间状语从句，if或unless引导条件状语从句，as,since或because引导原因状语从句，though引导让步状语从句，so that,sothat或suchthat引导结果状语从句等。,热点推荐,状语从句考查热点2.考查与部分状语从句相关的内容。【典型试题】(北京市)Ill send an e-mail as soon as I _ in China.A.arrive B.arrived C.am arriving D.will arrive,答题秘诀：在时间和条件状语从句中，当主句是一般将来时、含有情态动词或是祈使句时，从句常用一般现在时表示将来的意义，简称“主将从现”。,热点推荐,定语从句考查热点 对引导定语从句关系代词的考查。【典型试题】(辽宁本溪)He is a person _ is easy to get along with.A.who B.which C.whom D.what,答题秘诀：关系代词在从句中作主语且先行词为人时，关系代词既可 用who也可用that。先行词若为物时，可用which也可用that，它们不能被省略；2.关系代词在从句中作宾语且先行词为人时，关系代词既可 用who或whom也可用that。先行词若为物时，which及that 都可用。作宾语的关系代词可以省略。,热点推荐,情景交际考查热点 结合课标中30个交际功能项目及具体语境考查情景 交际用语。【典型试题】(江苏南京)-Im sorry.That wasnt of much help.-_.And it was most helpful.A.Thanks anyway B.It doesnt matter C.Of course not D.Sure it was,应试秘诀：熟悉并掌握课标所要求的30个交际功能项目的各种交际用语。,热点推荐,高频考点填 空名 词 介 词数 词 非谓语动词代 词 时 态 形容词 语 态 副 词,热点推荐,名词考查热点1.可数名词的单复数及不可数名词。【典型试题】(江苏南京)We should thank all our _(老师)for their help,care and love during the past three years.【典型试题】(江苏无锡)Theres not much _(different)in price between the two mobile phones.,teachers,difference,热点推荐,名词考查热点2.名词的所有格。【典型试题】(江苏泰州)On _(child)Day,our classmates sent a lot of stationery to the school in the disaster area.3.名词的构词法。【典型试题】(山东临沂)David is good at drawing,and hes going to be an _(art)when he grows up.,Childrens,artist,热点推荐,数词考查热点1.基数词和序数词的互变。【典型试题】(山东菏泽)My classmate Eric always comes to school _(one).2.分数的表达考查。【典型试题】(江苏常州)Four _(five)of the students in our class have heard about the trip.,first,fifths,热点推荐,数词考查热点3.“模糊数字”与“清晰数字”的考查。【典型试题】(福建福州)On National Day,_(成千上万)of people go to Tiananmen Square and watch the national flag go up.,thousands,热点推荐,代词考查热点1.对人称代词和物主代词的考查。【典型试题】(江苏南京)-Kitty,why do you look so happy today?-I happened to meet an old friend of _(我的)in the Confucius Temple this morning.2.对反身代词的考查。【典型试题】(江苏南京)The story _(it)is interesting,but its a little difficult for children.,mine,itself,热点推荐,形容词、副词考查热点1.对形容词、副词构成法的考查。【典型试题】(北京市)All the students enjoyed the _(wonder)match last night.【典型试题】(江苏南京)Anna doesnt like playing computer games.Sometimes she does it _(simple)to relax.,wonderful,simply,热点推荐,形容词、副词考查热点2.对形容词、副词比较级的考查。【典型试题】(四川乐山)This computer is too expensive.Do you have a _(cheap)one?3.对形容词、副词反义词的考查。【典型试题】(江苏南京)The time is so short.Its _(possible)for Daniel to finish this work.,cheaper,impossible,热点推荐,介词考查热点 依据语境考查介词的具体意义。【典型试题】(云南邵通)We can see the light in his room _(通过)the window.【典型试题】(江苏南京)To tell you the truth,I couldnt finish the task on time _(with)your help.,through,without,热点推荐,动词不定式考查热点1.对带to的动词不定式的考查。【典型试题】(江苏南京)Look!The teenagers are making cards _(show)love for their mothers.2.对不带to的动词不定式的考查。【典型试题】(湖南衡阳)I often see him _(help)the old people.,to show,help,热点推荐,动词-ing形式考查热点【典型试题】(江苏南京)In order to provide better services for foreigners during the 2nd Youth Olympic Games,lots of bus and taxi drivers are busy _(learn)English.【典型试题】(江苏泰州)He looks forward to _(have)a pleasant trip during the coming summer holiday.,learning,having,热点推荐,过去分词考查热点【典型试题】(浙江台州)I like watching the films _(direct)by Zhang Yi-mou.,directed,热点推荐,时态、语态考查热点1.结合上下文语境考查时态。【典型试题】(江苏无锡)Like many famous scientists,Li Siguang _(致力于)himself to the study of science.【典型试题】(甘肃兰州)When I got home,my pet dog _(lie)on the floor,dead.,devoted,was lying,热点推荐,时态、语态考查热点2.结合上下文语境考查语态。【典型试题】(江苏南京)Its reported that Shen Jian,director of the Provincial Education Department of Jiangsu,_(采访)by 11 primary school students about some present issues.【典型试题】(江苏常州)You mustnt touch the machine unless you _(allow)to.,was interviewed,are allowed,难点评析,冠词难点【例 1】(甘肃兰州)Though I failed for the first time,I made up my mind to have _ second try.A.a B.the C.an D./,难点评析,难点评析：不定冠词a/an后跟序数词表示“再一，另一”之意。此句中的“a second try”相当于“another try”。,冠词难点【例 2】(安徽省)-Do you know the two brothers?-Yes,but I only know _ older of them.A./B.a C.the D.an,难点评析,难点评析：通常情况下，形容词的比较等级前都不用定冠词the，但当指两者中的其中之一时，就必须使用定冠词，特指两者中的另一个。,冠词难点【例 3】(湖北黄冈)-Anyone called me while I was away?-Yes._ Mrs.White called you several times.A.The B.An C.A D.One,难点评析,难点评析：不定冠词其中一个用法是表示泛指某人或某物，但又不明确指出具体的人或物。此句所表达的意思是“某一位怀特夫人”，故符合此用法。,名词难点【例 1】(天津市)Will you please make for the woman with a baby?Sure.Take my seat,please.A.rooms B.the room C.a room D.some room,难点评析,难点评析：room一词既可作可数名词，意为“房间”，又可作不可数名词，意为“空间”。依据此句的上下文语境，应该是在公交车上给他人让座位，故选项D为正确答案。,名词难点【例 2】(福建福州)The doctor and scientist _ to the meeting as we expected.A.is invited B.are invited C.was invited D.will be invited,难点评析,难点评析：此句主语中的scientist前没有限定词，指集两种身份为一体，因此谓语动词为第三人称单数；再根据as we expected，我们可确定出时态为一般过去式。,数词难点【例 1】(四川成都)Our summer holiday is coming.Two _ the students in our school will go to the beach.A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundred of D.hundreds of,难点评析,难点评析：同学们都清楚数字分为具体数字和模糊数字。当百、千、百万等词前有具体数字时，单位hundred，thousand，million，billion等不用复数，如four million。模糊数字的表达形式为：hundreds of，thousands of，millions of，billions of，前面不能有具体数字。此题的设计较为巧妙，它要求考生在完全理解句意的基础上，方可做出正确判断。这里指的是“我们学校学生中的两百人将去海滩”，故选项C为正确答案。,代词难点【例 1】(天津市)Mary told it to _(我、你和他).,难点评析,难点评析：两个或三个单数的人称代词并列连用时，其规则与汉语不同。汉语说“我和你”、(我和他)，英语则说“you and I”、(he and I)；汉语说“我你他”，英语则说“you,he and I”。而复数人称连用时，规则和汉语基本一致：“我们和你们”说“you and we”,“我们和他们”说“we and they”,“我们，你们和他们”说“we,you and they”。,you,him and me,代词难点【例 2】(江西南昌)The windows of our classroom are brighter than of theirs.A.that B.this C.those D.these,难点评析,难点评析：英语中常用指示代词that和those指代前文中已经出现过的名词。that指代单数或不可数名词，those指代复数名词。所以此题正确选项是C。,代词难点【例 3】(福建厦门)Tokyo and London are two large cities.I really love _.A.one B.it C.each D.every,难点评析,难点评析：此处表示两者中的每一个，且是动词love的宾语，故只能选择C。,形容词、副词难点【例 1】(黑龙江省)_ sports you have,_ you will feel.A.Much;healthy B.The more;the healthier C.More;healthier D.The more;healthy,难点评析,难点评析：此题考查比较等级的特殊用法。英语中用“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越越”，所以题意为“你运动得越多，就越感到健康”，即答案为B项。,形容词、副词难点【例 2】(河南省)You dont know _ I want to see you again.Its a year since I saw you last.A.how much B.how long C.how often D.how soon,难点评析,难点评析：此题考查疑问副词的用法。疑问副词常置于句首，对疑问词的选择要根据句子的意思来判断。此句的意思是“你不知道我有多么想再次见到你，自从上次见到你已有一年了。”，故依据句意选择A选项。,形容词、副词难点【例 3】(河南省)The football match was _ than I thought.A.far more exciting B.even much exciting C.so more exciting D.more much exciting,难点评析,难点评析：此题考查形容词、副词比较级前起修饰作用的副词的用法。常见的此类修饰语有much、a lot、far、a little、even等。此题中exciting的比较级是more exciting，然后再在其前加上修饰词far，故A选项为正确答案。,并列连词、从属连词难点【例 1】(陕西西安)-How do you like the two pairs of shoes?-They dont fit me well.They are _ too big _too small.A.not only;but also B.both;and C.neither;nor D.either;or,难点评析,难点评析：此题考查的是并列连词连接的对称结构的用法。从答句的前半句可知，“那两双鞋并不合适”，所以应该是“不是太大就是太小”所给选项里A选项的意思是“不但而且”，B选项是“两者都”，C选项意思是“两者都不”。显然前三项皆不符合题意，故选D。,并列连词、从属连词难点【例 2】(上海市)He was walking alone in the dark street _ a man with a mask on the face stopped him.A.while B.then C.when D.and,难点评析,难点评析：此题考查when作为并列连词的用法，其意思是“在那时”，表示一个动作在发生时另一个动作突然发生。when作从属连词时，意思是“当时”，引导的是时间状语从句。,并列连词、从属连词难点【例 3】(山东青岛)Li Ping likes maths _ his sister likes English.A.since B.while C.when D.as,难点评析,难点评析：while作为从属连词属于多义词。此题中的while的意思是“然而”而非“当时候”之意。,动词难点【例 1】(山东济南)Its an important decision for you,so _ your time and think it over.A.take B.waste C.kill D.save,难点评析,难点评析：动词及动词辨析的考查是近几年的热点和难点。此题难在四个选项中的动词都可和句中的宾语搭配，但各具其义，答题的关键在于对上下文语境的理解，体现了近些年来的命题趋势。,动词难点【例 2】(江苏连云港)-Must we leave now?-No,we _.We still have two more hours.A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.shouldnt,难点评析,难点评析：该句是由must提问的一般疑问句，其肯定回答是“Yes,we must”，否定回答是“No,we neednt或we dont haveto”。,动词难点【例 3】(江苏无锡)We should do everything we can _(protect)the environment.,难点评析,难点评析：此题若不仔细审题、没有理解上下文语境，就会想当然地填上protect。此句的结构是“do everything we canto do sth.”，动词不定式作目的状语。,to protect,动词难点【例 4】(江苏盐城)To keep a lamp _(burn),we have to keep putting oil in it.,难点评析,难点评析：“keep sth./sb.doing sth.”意为“使某物/某人一直做某事”。此句的意思是“要让油灯一直燃烧着，我们就得不停地添加灯油”。,burning,时态难点【例 1】(江西南昌)-Jimmy is leaving for a holiday.-Really?Where _ he _?A.has;gone B.will;go C.did;go D.does;go,难点评析,难点评析：在情景语境中考查时态已经成为了目前的热点。由于没有时间标志语，故使得时态的判断变得更为困难了。此题准确的判断源于对第一句中表示位置移动的动词leave用进